Red Hat Linux

Linux distribution

"RHL" redirects here. For other uses, see RHL (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Fedora Core Linux or Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Red Hat Linux

GNOME 2.2, the default desktop on Red Hat Linux 9

Developer| Red Hat
OS family| Linux (Unix-like)
Working state| Discontinued
Source model| Open source
Initial release| May 13, 1995; 28 years ago (1995-05-13)
Final release| 9[1] alias Shrike / 31 March 2003; 20 years ago (31 March 2003)
Package manager| RPM Package Manager
Kernel type| Monolithic (Linux)
Userland| GNU
License| Various
Succeeded by| Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora Linux
Official website| www.redhat.com/en

Red Hat Linux was a widely used commercial open-source Linux distribution created by Red Hat until its discontinuation in 2004.[2]

Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux. Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995.[3][4] It was the first Linux distribution to use the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format, and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions, such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux.

In 2003, Red Hat discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) for enterprise environments. Fedora Linux, developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat, is a free-of-cost alternative intended for home use. Red Hat Linux 9, the final release, hit its official end-of-life on April 30, 2004, although updates were published for it through 2006 by the Fedora Legacy project until the updates were discontinued in early 2007.[5]

## Features[edit]

Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support ELF (Executable and Linkable Format) binaries instead of the older a.out format.[6]

Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal, intended to be easy to use for novices, and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions. It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities.

In version 6 Red Hat moved to glibc 2.1, egcs-1.2, and to the 2.2 kernel.[4] It was the first version to use the GNOME as its default graphical environment.[7] It also introduced Kudzu, a software library for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware.[8]

Version 7 was released in preparation for the 2.4 kernel, although the first release still used the stable 2.2 kernel. Glibc was updated to version 2.1.92, which was a beta of the upcoming version 2.2 and Red Hat used a patched version of GCC from CVS that they called "2.96".[9] The decision to ship an unstable GCC version was due to GCC 2.95's bad performance on non-i386 platforms, especially DEC Alpha.[10] Newer GCCs had also improved support for the C++ standard, which caused much of the existing code not to compile.

In particular, the use of a non-released version of GCC caused some criticism, e.g. from Linus Torvalds[11] and the GCC Steering Committee;[12] Red Hat was forced to defend this decision.[13] GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel, and some other software used in Red Hat, due to stricter checks. It also had an incompatible C++ ABI with other compilers. The distribution included a previous version of GCC for compiling the kernel, called "kgcc".

As of Red Hat Linux 7.0, UTF-8 was enabled as the default character encoding for the system. This had little effect on English-speaking users, but enabled much easier internationalisation and seamless support for multiple languages, including ideographic, bi-directional and complex script languages along with European languages. However, this did cause some negative reactions among existing Western European users, whose legacy ISO-8859–based setups were broken by the change.[citation needed]

Version 8.0 was also the second to include the Bluecurve desktop theme. It used a common theme for GNOME-2 and KDE 3.0.2 desktops, as well as OpenOffice-1.0. KDE members did not appreciate the change, claiming that it was not in the best interests of KDE.[14]

Version 9 supported the Native POSIX Thread Library, which was ported to the 2.4 series kernels by Red Hat.[15]

Red Hat Linux lacked many features due to possible copyright and patent problems. For example, MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS; instead, Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis, which has no patents. MP3 support, however, could be installed afterwards, through the use of packages. Support for Microsoft's NTFS file system was also missing, but could be freely installed as well.

## Fedora Linux[edit]

Main article: Fedora Linux

Red Hat Linux was originally developed exclusively inside Red Hat, with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages – not contributions to the distribution as such. This was changed in late 2003 when Red Hat Linux merged with the community-based Fedora Project. The new plan was to draw most of the codebase from Fedora Linux when creating new Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions. Fedora Linux replaced the original Red Hat Linux download and retail version. The model is similar to the relationship between Netscape Communicator and Mozilla, or StarOffice and OpenOffice.org, although in this case the resulting commercial product is also fully free software.

## Version history[edit]

Box cover shot of Red Hat Linux 5.2 Red Hat 5.0 CDROMs

Release dates were drawn from announcements on comp.os.linux.announce. Version names are chosen as to be cognitively related to the prior release, yet not related in the same way as the release before that.[16][17]

The Fedora and Red Hat Projects were merged on September 22, 2003.[18]

x86 release history  Version | Type | Code name | Release date | Kernel version | Comment

|
|
|
|
|

n/a  | test  | Preview  | 26 June 1994[1] | 1.1.18 (dev)  | First test release, not publicly distributed. It used the RPP package manager.
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.9  | beta  | Halloween  | 31 October 1994  | 1.0.9 (stable)
1.1.54 (dev)  | Purchased beta, came with documentation and graphical system management tools.
Old version, no longer maintained: 1  | stable  | Mother's Day  | May 1995  | 1.2.8  | ACC Bookstores (Bob Young) bought out Red Hat Software, Inc. (Mark Ewing) and introduced the "Red Hat Commercial Linux" moniker.
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1  | bug fix  | Mother's Day+0.1  | August 1995  | 1.2.11
1.2.13  | Called "Mother's Day Plus One".
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0  | stable  | —  | 20 September 1995  | 1.2.13-2  | First stable RPM release, and the first one to use the "Red Hat LiNUX" branding.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.1  | bug fix  | Bluesky  | 23 November 1995  | 1.2.13 (stable)
1.3.32 (dev)  | The first Alpha release (January 1996) was based on this version.
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0.3  | stable  | Picasso  | 1 May 1996  | 1.2.13  | First version released for multiple architectures and executable formats (x86/Alpha, ELF/a.out) at the same time. Introduced the Metro-X server, glint graphical management tool for RPM, and graphical printer configuration.
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.9  | beta  | Rembrandt  | July-August 1996  | 2.0  | RPM was rewritten in C. PAM and kernel modules were introduced.
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0  | stable  | Colgate  | 3 October 1996  | 2.0.18  | Added support for SPARC architecture and ELF executables on Alpha. Introduced Shadowman™ logo, free electronic format documentation and the Red Baron browser.
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.1  | stable  | Vanderbilt  | 3 February 1997  | 2.0.27  | InfoWorld, Best of 1996, Operating Systems.
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.2  | stable  | Biltmore  | 19 May 1997  | 2.0.30-2  | Shipped the old libc 5.3 instead of the buggy 5.4 release. This decision was widely criticised, but avoided many issues.
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.8  | beta  | Thunderbird  | 27 August 1997  | ?  | Introduced glibc 2.0.
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.9  | beta  | Mustang  | 7 November 1997  | ?  | Cemented the two-cycle beta release style due to massive changes in the C library version.
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0  | stable  | Hurricane  | 1 December 1997  | 2.0.32-2  | Introduced BRU2000-PE™ backup and the Real Audio™ client and server. 1997 InfoWorld Product of the Year.
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.1  | stable  | Manhattan  | 22 May 1998  | 2.0.34-0.6  | Introduced the Linux Applications CD, GNOME preview version (separate, not default), linuxconf, and the Netscape browser. Last release to load a live filesystem from the CD.
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.2  | stable  | Apollo  | 2 November 1998  | 2.0.36-0.7  | GNOME technology preview (separate, not default).
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.9  | beta  | Starbuck  | 17 March 1999  | ?  | \-
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0  | stable  | Hedwig  | 26 April 1999  | 2.2.5-15  | Introduced glibc 2.1, egcs, and Linux 2.2. GNOME 1 was integrated.
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0.50  | beta  | Lorax  | 6 September 1999  | ?  | Introduced a completely rewritten graphical installer (anaconda), with graphical mode and text mode implemented in Python.
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.1  | stable  | Cartman  | 4 October 1999  | 2.2.12-20  | InfoWorld, 1999 Product of the Year, Operating Systems and multiple other awards.
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.1.92  | beta  | Piglet  | 9 February 2000  | ?  | \-
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.2  | stable  | Zoot  | 3 April 2000  | 2.2.14-5.0  | First release to offer ISO images for FTP download.
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.9.5  | beta  | Pinstripe  | 31 July 2000  | ?  | \-
Old version, no longer maintained: 7  | stable  | Guinness  | 25 September 2000  | 2.2.16-22  | First release to support Red Hat Network out of the box. Caused the gcc 2.96 flame war, leading to the 2.96RH name being used later.
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.0.90  | beta  | Fisher  | 31 January 2001  | 2.4  | First release with Linux 2.4.
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.0.91  | beta  | Wolverine  | 21 February 2001  | ?  | \-
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.1  | stable  | Seawolf  | 16 April 2001  | 2.4.2-2  | First release to debut a new kernel stream out of the beta cycle. First release to simultaneously support all included languages. Introduced the Mozilla browser.
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.1.93  | beta  | Roswell  | 2 August 2001  | ?  | ext3 becomes default; the installer offers to convert ext2 filesystems. LILO replaced with GRUB as the default bootloader.
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.2  | stable  | Enigma  | 22 October 2001  | 2.4.7-10  | GNOME 1.4, KDE 2.2. Would serve as the development basis for RHEL 2.1 AS (Pensacola).
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.2.91  | beta  | Skipjack  | 22 March 2002  | ?  | Expected to ship a lot of new programs (gcc 3, GTK 2, Python 2) that were postponed for 8.0.
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.3  | stable  | Valhalla  | 6 May 2002  | 2.4.18-3  | Last release with the Netscape browser.
Old version, no longer maintained: 7.3.29  | beta  | Limbo  | 4 July 2002  | ?  | 700 MB ISO images were tested, but they proved problematic.
Old version, no longer maintained: 8.0  | stable  | Psyche  | 30 September 2002  | 2.4.18-14  | gcc 3.2, glibc 2.3 RC, OpenOffice 1.0.1, GNOME 2, KDE 3.0.3. Introduced the Bluecurve™ cross-environment unified look and feel.
Old version, no longer maintained: 9  | stable  | Shrike  | 31 March 2003  | 2.4.20-8  | KDE 3.1 and GNOME 2.2. Introduced NPTL support with glibc 2.3.2 and kernel 2.4.20. Would serve as the development basis for RHEL 3.
Old version, no longer maintained: 9.0.93  | beta  | Severn  | 21 July 2003  | ?  | Final RHL release. It would be merged with Fedora Linux to form release Fedora Core 1 test 2, version 0.94.

Legend:

Old version

Older version, still maintained

Latest version

Latest preview version

Future release

## See also[edit]

* Linux portal
* Free and open-source software portal

* Fedora Linux release history
* List of Linux distributions
* Think Blue Linux

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Red Hat Linux 9 Features Latest Open Source Technologies".
2. ^ "Free Versions of Red Hat Linux to be Discontinued". fusionauthority.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
3. ^ "History of Red Hat Linux". Retrieved 2018-07-14.
4. ^ a b "The Truth Behind Red Hat/Fedora Names". smoogespace.com. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
5. ^ "The Fedora Legacy Project". fedoralegacy.org. Archived from the original on 2013-09-05. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
6. ^ Linux Distributions Compared, Linux Journal, 1996
7. ^ Kroll, Jason (September 1, 1999). "Red Hat Linux 6.0". Linux Journal. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
8. ^ "Various Kudzu facts". Everything2.com. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
9. ^ "Distributions". LWN. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
10. ^ "a/rh-tools". Lwn.net. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
11. ^ "Linus Weighs in on Red Hat 7 Compiler Issues". Linux Today. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
12. ^ "Gerald Pfeifer - GCC 2.96". Gcc.gnu.org. 2000-10-06. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
13. ^ An Open Letter From Bob Young, Slashdot.org, Thu October 12, 2000 12:52 PM
14. ^ "Red Hat nullifies KDE, Gnome". The Register. 2002-09-17. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
15. ^ "Red Hat Linux 9 Release Notes". Redhat.com. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
16. ^ "The Truth Behind Red Hat/Fedora Names". smoogespace.com. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
17. ^ History of Red Hat Linux \- Fedora wiki
18. ^ "Fedora and Red Hat to Merge". Retrieved 2008-08-02.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red Hat Linux.

* Fedora Linux – Free, community-supported, home version of Red Hat Linux
* Fedora Project – History of Red Hat Linux
* Red Hat, Inc. – Linux documentation
* Linux Kernel Organization – Red Hat Archive
* Red Hat Linux at DistroWatch
* Mapping of RedHat Versions and Code Names to LINUX Kernel Versions

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