Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024

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Election analysis
Mixed-party election outcomes Pivot Counties in the 2024 presidential election New members elected to Congress Comparison of state delegations to the 118th and 119th Congresses Congressional margin of victory analysis Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections State legislative veto-proof majorities State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes State legislative margin of victory analysis State legislative seats that changed party control Minor party candidates who won more than the margin of victory Results of elected officials seeking other offices Wave elections Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election Candidates with the same last names
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Thousands of elections took place in 2024 across the United States, including primary and general elections at the federal, state, and local levels. These included the 2024 presidential election as well as elections for all 435 seats in the U.S. House, 34 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate, and 11 of 50 state governorships.

This page presents Ballotpedia's research and curation on 2024 elections in the United States, including:

• Coverage of federal elections, including the 2024 presidential election and U.S. Senate and U.S. House elections
• Coverage of state elections, including gubernatorial and state legislative races
• Coverage of local elections, including mayoral and other municipal elections
• Coverage of statewide ballot measures

The content on this page is organized by level of government (federal, state, local) and then by office type within those levels.

This is the 8th annual analysis hub published on Ballotpedia. To review a previous year's version of this page, click one of these links: 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

Federal politics[edit]

Presidential election[edit]

See also: Presidential election, 2024

Former President Donald Trump (R) won the November 5, 2024, presidential election.

The Democratic Party selected Vice President Kamala Harris (D) as its nominee during a virtual roll call vote on August 2, 2024, ahead of the in-person 2024 Democratic National Convention, which took place from August 19-22, 2024, in Chicago, Illinois.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

The Republican Party selected former President Donald Trump (R) as its 2024 presidential nominee at the 2024 Republican National Convention, which was held from July 15-18, 2024, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Twenty-four candidates appeared on presidential election ballots across the country. Of those candidates, four qualified to appear on enough ballots — totaling at least 270 electoral votes — to win a majority of the Electoral College. Those noteworthy presidential candidates were Kamala Harris (D), Donald Trump (R), Jill Stein (G), and Chase Oliver (L).

Featured analysis[edit]

• Democratic and Republican presidential nominations: Ballotpedia is providing in-depth coverage of the 2024 Democratic and Republican presidential nomination process, including information on noteworthy candidates, campaign finance, important dates and deadlines, presidential debates, noteworthy endorsements, and more!
• Mixed-party election outcomes in presidential election years, 1916-2024: An analysis of how often the candidate of one party won the state’s presidential electoral votes while candidates of another party won a U.S. Senate seat, a majority of the state's U.S. House delegation, or a state legislative majority on the same ballot.

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 presidential election.

United States House of Representatives[edit]

See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 2024

Elections to the U.S. House were held on November 5, 2024. The seats of all 435 representatives were up for election. The seats of the six non-voting members of the U.S. House were up for election as well.

Heading into the election, Republicans held a 220-212 majority in the U.S. House with three vacancies. As a result of the elections, Republicans won 220 districts, retaining control of the chamber, while Democrats won 215 districts.^[6]

The partisan breakdown in the U.S. House before and after the election was as follows:

U.S. House Partisan Breakdown
Party		As of November 5, 2024	After the 2024 Election
	Democratic Party	212	215
	Republican Party	220	220
	Vacancies	3	0
Total		435	435[7]

Featured analysis (from 2022)[edit]

• Congressional margin of victory analysis: An electoral margin of victory (MOV) is the difference between the share of votes cast for the winning candidate and the runner-up in a single-seat election. In a multi-seat race, the MOV is the difference between the vote share received by the bottom-placing winning candidate and the top-placing losing candidate. Margins of victory can be used to measure electoral competitiveness, political party or candidate strength, and, indirectly, the popularity of a particular policy or set of policies. Congressional races in 2022, on average, were decided by a similar margin of victory (MOV) as in 2020. Relative to 2020, the average MOV increased in the Senate and in the House.
• Rematches in 2024 general elections: An election rematch occurs when the same candidates run against each other in consecutive election cycles. In the 2024 general election, 536 elections in Ballotpedia's coverage scope were rematches for single-seat offices between the same candidates who ran in 2022. Additionally, 69 elections in 2024 were rematches for single-seat offices between the same candidates who ran in 2020.^[8]

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 U.S. House of Representatives elections.

United States Senate[edit]

See also: United States Senate elections, 2024

Republicans won control of the U.S. Senate, winning a 53-45 majority with two independents as a result of the November 5, 2024 elections. Two independents—Sens. Angus King and Bernie Sanders—caucus with the Democratic Party.

As a result of the elections, Republicans gained four seats in Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Democrats gained one seat in Arizona. This was a net change of +4 Republicans, -2 Democrats, and -2 independents.

Heading into the 2024 general election, Democrats had a 47-49 majority with four independents. Three of those independents caucused with the Democratic Party, and one other, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema counted towards the Democratic majority for committee purposes.

Thirty-four of 100 Senate seats were up for election. Thirty-three of those seats were up for regular election, and one^[9] was up for a special election. Democrats were defending three Senate seats, in Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia, in states Donald Trump (R) won in the 2020 presidential election. Republicans were not defending any Senate seats in states Joe Biden (D) won in 2020.

Of the seats up for election in 2024, Democrats held 19, Republicans held 11, and independents held four. Eight members of the U.S. Senate did not run for re-election, more than in any year since 2012.

Ballotpedia identified 15 races (41.2%) as general election battlegrounds in 2024. Heading into the elections, Democrats held 11 of those seats, Republicans held three, and independents held one. Republicans won three seats previously held by Democrats in Montana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania and Democrats won the seat in Arizona, previously held by Kyrsten Sinema (I).

Ten seats were open because the incumbent did not run for re-election. Nine incumbents retired from public office and one incumbent ran for another office. Click here to learn more.

Ballotpedia does not include incumbents leaving office early in our analysis of incumbents not running for re-election. For more information about incumbents who left office early or announced resignations, click here.

Two special elections also took place on Nov. 5, 2024. One special election was held to fill the last two years of the six-year term that Sen. Ben Sasse (R-Neb.) was elected to in 2020.^[10] The other special election was held to fill the rest of the six-year term that Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) was elected to in 2018. Feinstein died on Sept. 29, 2023. The Senate seat Feinstein held was also up for regular election on Nov. 5, 2024.^[11] Ballotpedia identified 15 races as general election battlegrounds in 2024.

These battleground races were selected using the following criteria. For more information on our methodology, click here:

• the results of the 2020 presidential election in each state,
• whether the incumbent was seeking re-election,
• whether the incumbent was serving his or her first term in the U.S. Senate, and
• how the Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales rated the race.

Heading into the election, Democrats held a 50-49 majority in the U.S. Senate heading into the elections.^[12] As a result of the elections, Republicans gained a 53-47 majority.^[13]

The partisan breakdown in the U.S. Senate before and after the election was as follows:

Partisan composition, U.S. Senate
119th Congress
Party	Members
Democratic	45
Republican	53
Independent	2[14]
Vacancies	0
Total	100

Featured analysis (from 2022)[edit]

• Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report: Ballotpedia's 2022 study of competitiveness in congressional elections found that 14.3% of incumbent U.S. senators and representatives did not file for re-election. This was up from 9.6% in 2020 and 11.8% in 2018.
• Presidential election results in 2022 Senate states: Republicans were defending two Senate seats in states Joe Biden (D) won in the 2020 presidential election. In Pennsylvania, where incumbent Pat Toomey did not seek re-election, Biden defeated Donald Trump (R) 50.0%-48.8% in 2020. In Wisconsin, where incumbent Ron Johnson sought re-election, Biden defeated Trump 49.5%-48.8%. Democrats were not defending any Senate seats in states Trump won in 2020.

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 U.S. Senate elections.

State politics[edit]

State legislative elections[edit]

See also: State legislative elections, 2024

In the 50 states, there are 99 state legislative chambers altogether. Across 44 states, 85 of those chambers held regular legislative elections in 2024. These elections were for 5,807 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (79%). The general election for state legislative races was held on November 5, 2024.

Two state legislative chambers, the Michigan and Minnesota state Houses, changed party control following the 2024 general election. Republicans won control of the Michigan House from Democrats, and won a tie in the Minnesota House.

To learn more about the state legislative races that were on your ballot, click here to use our Sample Ballot Lookup tool.

States also held special state legislative elections in 2024 to fill vacant seats. Click here for more.

In the U.S. Territories, seven legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 169 seats in 2024. Elections were held for the American Samoa House of Representatives, the Guam Legislature, the Puerto Rico Senate and House of Representatives, the Northern Mariana Islands Senate and House of Representatives, and the U.S. Virgin Islands Legislature.

As of January 25th, 2026, Republicans controlled 55.12% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.83%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.

Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber			Other	Vacant
State senates	836	1,119	6	12
State houses	2,401	2,952	20	40
Total:	3,237	4,071	26	52

Featured analysis[edit]

• State legislative seats that changed party control in 2024: As a result of the Nov. 5, 2024, elections, partisan composition of all 7,386 state legislative seats changed by 0.7 percentage points. Democrats had a net loss of 54 seats, representing 0.7% of all state legislative seats. Republicans had a net gain of 55 seats, representing 0.7% of all state legislative seats. Independents and minor party officeholders had a net loss of one seat, representing 0.01% of all state legislative seats.
• Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 12, 2022: Competitiveness refers to the presence of choice throughout the election cycle. A greater level of competitiveness means voters have the ability to make more decisions. A lower level of competitiveness equals fewer choices. State legislative competitiveness in 2022 reached its highest level compared to all even-year election cycles since 2010. In 2022, the nationwide State Legislative Competitiveness Index is 36.2, beating out 2018 (36.1) and the 2012 post-redistricting cycle (35.2).

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 state legislative elections.

State executive elections[edit]

See also: State executive official elections, 2024

State executive offices up for election in 2024 included 11 gubernatorial seats, nine lieutenant gubernatorial seats, 10 attorney general seats, and seven secretary of state seats. Including down-ballot races, there were 167 state executive seats up for election across 30 states in 2024.^[15]

In 2022, 307 state executive offices were up for election across 44 states. Twenty offices changed party control, including two previously held Republican lieutenant governorships that changed parties because the governor and lieutenant governor ran on a joint ticket. Of the 18 offices which changed partisan control due to direct election, 10 switched from Democrat to Republican, seven switched from Republican to Democrat, and one nonpartisan official was succeeded by a Republican. A total of 26 incumbents seeking re-election to state executive offices were defeated, with 10 of those losing in the general election and 16 losing in their party's primary or nominating convention.

Featured analysis (from 2022)[edit]

• Trifecta vulnerability in the 2022 elections: Thirteen state government trifectas were vulnerable in the 2022 elections, according to Ballotpedia's annual trifecta vulnerability ratings. Democrats defended seven vulnerable trifectas and Republicans defended six. A state government trifecta occurs when one party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. At the time of the 2022 elections, there were 37 state government trifectas: 23 Republican trifectas and 14 Democratic trifectas. The remaining 13 states had a divided government where neither party had a trifecta.
• State government triplexes: Heading into the November 8 elections, there were 23 Republican triplexes, 18 Democratic triplexes, and 9 divided governments where neither party held triplex control. A state government triplex is a term to describe when one political party holds the following three positions in a state's government: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state.^[16] In states where the attorney general or secretary of state are appointed by the governor, Ballotpedia considers the office to be held by the governor's party for the purposes of defining triplexes.^[17]
• Annual State Executive Competitiveness Report: Ballotpedia's 2022 study of competitiveness in state executive official elections found that 37.1% of incumbents did not seek re-election, leaving those offices open. This was higher than in 2020 (35.6%) and 2014 (32.7%) but lower than in 2018 (38.6%) and 2016 (45.2%). The decade average for open offices was 37.8%.

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 state executive elections.

State judicial elections[edit]

See also: State judicial elections, 2024

A total of 306 appellate court seats were up for election in 2024. The seats included:

• 83 supreme court seats.
• 223 intermediate appellate court seats.

Ballotpedia provided coverage of supreme court and intermediate appellate court elections, as well as local trial court elections for judges within the 100 largest cities in the United States as measured by population.

In addition, in the U.S. Territories, four judges were on the ballot in retention elections in 2024. One judge on the Guam Supreme Court, two on the Guam Superior Court, and one on the Northern Mariana Islands Superior Court stood for retention to remain on the bench.

Featured analysis[edit]

• Partisanship of state supreme court judges: In June 2020, Ballotpedia conducted a study into the partisanship of state supreme court justices. The study placed each justice into one of five categories indicating confidence in their affiliations with either the Democratic or Republican Parties. These categories were Strong Democratic, Mild Democratic, Indeterminate, Mild Republican, and Strong Republican.

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 state judicial elections.

Local elections[edit]

See also: United States municipal elections, 2024

This section will contain links to all local elections elections covered on Ballotpedia in 2024, including municipal elections, school board elections, local trial court judicial elections, and local ballot measure elections. More information will be added to this page as it becomes available.

Ballotpedia's coverage scope for municipal elections included elections on the ballot in the 100 largest U.S. cities by population, as well as elections for mayors, city council members, and district attorneys in each state capital.

In 2024, Ballotpedia covered elections for more than 25,000 school board seats. We expand our coverage each year with our eye on covering the country’s more than 80,000 school board seats. Ballotpedia also covers all school board recalls in the United States.

Throughout 2024, Ballotpedia provided comprehensive local election coverage in 20 states as well as comprehensive general election in six additional states. Use the links below to navigate to pages for each of these states, which contain additional links to specific counties.

Arkansas • Arizona • California • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Iowa • Illinois • Indiana • Kentucky • Maine • Michigan • Minnesota • Montana • North Carolina • New Mexico • Nevada • Ohio • Oklahoma • Rhode Island • South Carolina • Texas • Washington • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Featured analysis (from 2023)[edit]

• Partisanship in United States municipal elections (2023): Twenty-nine of the 100 largest cities held mayoral elections in 2023. Heading into the year, 20 of those cities had a Democratic mayor, seven had a Republican mayor, one mayor was independent, and one mayor's partisan affiliation was unknown. Mayoral offices changed partisan control in five cities in 2023—four as the result of elections and one party switch—resulting in no net change in the number of offices held by Democrats and a net loss of two Republican-held offices. Libertarians and independents gained one office each. Once mayors elected in 2023 assumed office, Democrats held 63 top-100 mayoral offices, Republicans held 26, Libertarians held one, independents held four, and nonpartisan mayors held four. Two mayors' partisan affiliations were unknown.

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 local elections.

Ballot measures[edit]

See also: 2024 ballot measures

For 2024, 159 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in 41 states.

• On November 5, voters in 41 states decided on 146 statewide ballot measures. Voters approved 93 and rejected 53.
• On December 7, voters in Louisiana approved four constitutional amendments.
• Earlier in 2024, voters in five states decided on nine ballot measures. Voters approved five and rejected four of these measures.

Featured analysis, 2024[edit]

• Analysis of the 2024 statewide ballot measures: This page provides an analysis on state ballot measures on the 2024 ballot.
• Ballot measure readability scores, 2024: Ballotpedia's readability report analyzes what level of education voters would need to understand the ballot titles and summaries of statewide ballot measures using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). A readability score is an estimation of the reading difficulty of a text. Measurements used in calculating readability scores include the number of syllables, words, and sentences in a text. Other factors, such as the complexity of an idea in a text, are not reflected in readability scores.
• Analysis of 2024 changes to laws governing ballot measures: This report analyzes legislation related to ballot initiatives, referendums, and recall processes in 2024 and for the period from 2018 to 2024.
• Difficulty analysis of changes to laws governing ballot measures: This page provides information on the bills that made or would make the initiative, referendum, and recall processes more or less difficult.
• Analysis of the 2024 local ballot measures in California: This page provides an analysis on the local ballot measures in California on the 2024 ballot.

More related analysis[edit]

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 ballot measures.

Election coverage by state[edit]

Click your state on the map below to navigate to relevant election information.
See also: Elections by state and year.

Election resources[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

v • e 2024 Election Analysis General Analysis Ballotpedia's Mid-Year Recall Report (2024) • Ballotpedia's 2024 Recall Analysis • Ballotpedia's Top 15 Elections to Watch, 2024 • Candidates with the same last names, 2024 • Rematches in 2024 general elections • Third-party candidates who won more than the margin of victory • Results of elected officials seeking other offices • Incumbent win rates by state • Uncontested races by state • Candidates with the same last names, 2024 • Analysis of uncontested elections, 2024 • Ballotpedia election previews, 2024 • Races decided by 10 votes or fewer • General election voter turnout • Incumbents who won primaries by five percentage points or fewer or with a plurality, 2024 • Mixed-party election outcomes in presidential election years, 1916-2024 • Analysis of rejected ballots Federal elections Congressional Competitiveness Report • New members elected to Congress • Comparison of state delegations to the 118th and 119th Congresses • Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer • Third-party candidates who won more than the margin of victory • Incumbents who did not run for re-election • U.S. House elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate • Results of elected officials seeking other offices • U.S. House districts represented by a Democrat in 2024 and won by Donald Trump in 2020 • U.S. House districts represented by a Republican in 2024 and won by Joe Biden in 2020 • Wave election analysis • Party committee fundraising State legislatures Competitiveness report • Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2024 • Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2024 • Contested state legislative primaries, 2024 • Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2024 • State legislative incumbents without general election challengers, 2024 • Major party competition in state legislative elections, 2024 • Open seats in state legislative elections, 2024 • State legislative incumbents in contested primaries, 2024 • State legislative veto-proof majorities • State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes • Margin of victory analysis for the 2024 state legislative elections • State legislative seats that changed party control State executives Competitiveness report • States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2024 • Trifecta vulnerability in the 2024 elections • Impact of term limits on state executive elections in 2024 • Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in the 2024 elections Ballot measures Ballotpedia's Top 15 Ballot Measures and Trends to Watch, 2024 • Ballot measure readability scores, 2024 • Ballot measure signature costs, 2024 • Ballot measure campaign finance, 2024 • Analysis of the 2024 local ballot measures in the largest U.S. cities and state capitals Local Partisanship in United States municipal elections (2024) • Partisan balance of mayors of the 100 largest cities by population