Election administration in Missouri

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Voter registration
Early voting
Absentee/mail-in voting
All-mail voting
Voter ID laws
State poll opening and closing times
Time off work for voting
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Election administration encompasses a state's voting policies, procedures, and enforcement. These include voter identification requirements, early and absentee/mail-in voting provisions, voter list maintenance methods, and more. Each state's voting policies dictate who can vote and under what conditions.

Below, you will find details on the following election administration topics in Missouri:

Poll times[edit]

See also: State poll opening and closing times

In Missouri, all polling places are open from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Central Time. Anyone in line when the polls close must be allowed to vote.^[2]

Voter registration[edit]

Check your voter registration status here.

To vote in Missouri, one must be 18 years old, a United States citizen, and Missouri resident.^[3] Individuals who are 17 years and six months old may pre-register to vote but cannot vote until they turn 18. An applicant may print an application, pick one up from a county clerk's office, or request that an application be mailed. They may also register in person at the office of their local election authority, at a driver's licensing office, at some state agencies, or at a library.^[2] The completed application must be returned by mail. All returned applications must be postmarked by the fourth Wednesday before Election Day in order to be processed. An applicant may also register to vote online.^[3]

Automatic registration[edit]

See also: Automatic voter registration

Missouri does not practice automatic voter registration.^[4]

Online registration[edit]

See also: Online voter registration

Missouri has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.^[5]

Same-day registration[edit]

See also: Same-day voter registration

Missouri does not allow same-day voter registration.^[6]

Residency requirements[edit]

To register to vote in Missouri, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify the length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible. Voters may file change-of-address forms after the registration deadline, up to and including Election Day, provided that they can present photo identification upon doing so.^[7][3]

Verification of citizenship[edit]

See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

Missouri does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual applying to register to vote must attest that they are a U.S. citizen under penalty of perjury.^[3][8]

All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.^[9] Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. One state, Ohio, requires proof of citizenship only when registering to vote at a Bureau of Motor Vehicles facility. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.

Verifying your registration[edit]

The Missouri Secretary of State's office allows residents to check their voter registration status online.

Early and absentee/mail-in voting policy[edit]

Early voting[edit]

See also: Early voting

Missouri permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.

Early voting permits citizens to cast ballots in person at a polling place prior to an election. In states that permit no-excuse early voting, a voter does not have to provide an excuse for being unable to vote on Election Day. States that allow voters to cast no-excuse absentee/mail-in ballots in person are counted as no-excuse early voting states.

Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia permit no-excuse early voting.

Absentee/mail-in voting[edit]

See also: Absentee/mail-in voting

A voter is eligible to vote absentee in an election if he or she cannot make it to the polls on Election Day for one of the following reasons:^[10]

• The voter will be absent from his or her regular polling place on Election Day.
• The voter is incapacitated or confined due to illness or physical disability on Election Day. Additionally, an individual who is caring for an incapacitated person may vote absentee.
• The voter is unable to visit the polls for religious reasons.
• The voter is employed by an election authority at a location other than their polling place or is a first responder, health care worker, or a member of law enforcement.
• The voter is incarcerated but has retained voting qualifications.
• The voter is a certified participant in the address confidentiality program because of safety concerns.

To vote absentee, an application must be received by 5 p.m. on the Wednesday prior to the election. If returned in person, the ballot must be submitted by 5 p.m. the day before the election. If submitted by mail, the ballot must be received by the close of polls on Election Day.^[10][2]

All states allow for some form of absentee/mail-in voting. Seven states and the District of Columbia had automatic mail-in ballot systems that mandate that all eligible voters receive an absentee/mail ballot by default. An eighth state, Vermont, had such a system for general elections only.

Twenty-eight states allow any eligible voter to cast an absentee/mail-in ballot. The remaining 14 states required voters to provide an excuse to receive and cast an absentee/mail ballot. Acceptable excuses vary by state.

Returning absentee/mail-in ballots[edit]

See also: Mail ballot collection and return laws by state

In Missouri, a voter or a voter's relative within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity can return their absentee/mail-in ballot by mail or in person.^[11] Absentee/mail-in ballots must be received by the voter’s local election authority by the close of polls on Election Day in order to be counted.^[2]

Twenty states allow anyone chosen by the voter to return a ballot on the voter's behalf, with certain exceptions, while 16 states allow anyone with certain relationships to the voter to return the voter's ballot. Four states allow only the voter to return the voter's ballot, with certain exceptions, and two states required voters to return their ballots by mail. Eight states and D.C. do not specify who may return ballots.

Drop box availability[edit]

Missouri law explicitly prohibits drop boxes. According to state statute, "No absentee ballot shall be delivered through a drop box and no election authority shall establish or use a drop box for the purpose of collecting absentee ballots."^[11]

Signature requirements and cure provisions[edit]

Missouri does not have a cure provision, or a law providing for a process where election officials follow up with voters whose absentee/mail-in ballots contain a signature discrepancy or lack the requisite signatures. An absentee/mail-in voter must have their absentee ballot envelope notarized. Members of the military and their family members, overseas voters, individuals casting an absentee/mail-in ballot due to illness, and voters who are permanently disabled and their caregivers are exempt from the notary requirement.^[12]

Thirty-three states have laws that include cure provisions, while 17 states do not. One state, Pennsylvania, allows counties to establish a cure process.

Voter identification requirements[edit]

See also: Voter ID in Missouri

See also: Voter identification laws by state

Missouri requires voters to present photo identification while voting.^[13][2]

The following were accepted forms of identification as of November 2025. Click here for the Missouri Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

To view Missouri state law pertaining to voter identification, click here.

If a voter does not have an ID, he or she can obtain one for free at a Missouri Department of Revenue driver's license office. For more information, fill out this form, call 573-526-8683, or visit the Missouri Department of Revenue's website.

Click here to learn more about the background of Missouri's law.

Thirty-six states require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day. Of these states, 24 require voters to present identification containing a photograph, and 12 accept other forms of identification. The remaining 14 states do not require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day.

Valid forms of identification differ by state. In certain states that require voters to provide identification, there may be exceptions that allow some voters to cast a ballot without providing an ID. To see more about these exceptions, see details by state. Commonly accepted forms of ID include driver's licenses, state-issued identification cards, and military identification cards.

Provisional balloting for voters without ID[edit]

Voters who do not have ID while voting may cast provisional ballots. See below for provisional ballot rules.

Provisional ballot rules[edit]

Voters in Missouri are given provisional ballots, or ballots requiring additional steps or information before they can be counted, under the following circumstances:^[2][13][15]

1. If the voter is unable to provide a valid form of identification, the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.
2. If the voter’s name does not appear in the poll book, the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.

According to Missouri’s election rules, the following procedure is used to determine the validity of provisional ballots:

A provisional ballot is rejected in the following circumstances:^[16]

• If the voter is not registered to vote;
• If the voter voted in the wrong precinct; or
• If the voter is not eligible to vote.

Was your provisional ballot counted?[edit]

Voters may call the toll-free phone number listed on the provisional ballot envelope for more information on the status of their provisional ballot.^[15]

Primary election type[edit]

See also: Primary elections in Missouri

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Missouri utilizes an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.^[17]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

Time off work for voting[edit]

In Missouri, employers must allow employees three consecutive hours paid leave to vote on election days unless employees have three consecutive hours of non-work time to vote. Payment is conditional upon voting, and interference by employers is a punishable offense:

Twenty-eight states require employers to grant employees time off to vote. Within these 28 states, policies vary as to whether that time off must be paid and how much notice must be given.

Electioneering[edit]

Missouri law bans certain activities in a polling place and within 25 feet of the building's outer door closest to the polling place. State statute says the following activities are banned:^[19]

Electioneering in violation of state law is a class four election offense and is deemed a misdemeanor punishable by no more than one year in prison, no more than a $2,500 fine, or both.

Voting rules for people convicted of a felony[edit]

See also: Voting rights for people convicted of a felony

In Missouri, people convicted of a felony receive automatic restoration of their voting rights upon completion of their sentence, including probation or parole, unless the offense is election related. People who have committed an election-related felony or misdemeanor are not allowed to vote.^[20]

Voting rights for people convicted of a felony vary from state to state. In the majority of states, people convicted of a felony cannot vote while they are incarcerated but may regain the right to vote upon release from prison or at some point thereafter.^[21]

Voter list maintenance[edit]

All states have rules under which they maintain voter rolls—or, check and remove certain names from their lists of registered voters. Most states are subject to the parameters set by The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA).^[22] The NVRA requires states to make efforts to remove deceased individuals and individuals who have become ineligible due to a change of address. It prohibits removing registrants from voter lists within 90 days of a federal election due to change of address unless a registrant has requested to be removed, or from removing people from voter lists solely because they have not voted. The NVRA says that states may remove names from their registration lists under certain other circumstances and that their methods for removing names must be uniform and nondiscriminatory.^[23]

When names can be removed from the voter list[edit]

Missouri law authorizes election officials to remove the names of voters from the registered voting list if an individual:^[24]

• confirms in writing that they moved outside of their voting jurisdiction^[25]
• dies^[26]
• is convicted of a felony^[26]
• is adjudicated to be incapacitated^[26]
• remains on the inactive voter list through two consecutive general elections.^[25]

Inactive voter list rules[edit]

Missouri law allows election officials to designate a voter as inactive if they do not return a mailed, forwardable notice within 30 days or if election officials receive notification that the voter no longer resides at their address and no forwarding address is available. The voter's registration can be canceled if they do not vote in the next two general elections after the notice is sent.^[25]

The secretary of state has the authority to conduct quarterly audits of the state's voter registration list and direct election officials to remove the names of ineligible voters from the list.^[27]

The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)[edit]

See also: Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)

According to its website, ERIC is a nonprofit corporation that is governed by a board of member-states. These member states submit voter registration and motor vehicle registration information to ERIC. ERIC uses this information, as well as Social Security death records and other sources, to provide member states with reports showing voters who have moved within their state, moved out of their state, died, have duplicate registrations in their state, or are potentially eligible to vote but are not yet registered. ERIC's website describes its funding as follows: "Members fund ERIC. New members pay a one-time membership fee of $25,000, which is reserved for technology upgrades and other unanticipated expenses. Members also pay annual dues. Annual dues cover operating costs and are based, in part, on the citizen voting age population in each state."^[28]

Twenty-five states are participating members in the ERIC program. Thirty-four states and the District of Columbia have joined and participated in ERIC at some point.^[29]

As of November 2025, Missouri was not participating in the ERIC program.^[30]

Secretary of State Jay Ashcroft (R) withdrew Missouri from ERIC on March 6, 2023, citing its refusal to "require member states to participate in addressing multi-state voter fraud."^[31] According to ERIC, the effective date for this withdrawal was June 3, 2023.^[32]:

Post-election auditing[edit]

Missouri state law requires post-election audits. The audit is conducted by local election officials. Between one and five percent of precincts are randomly selected to be audited. Officials must investigate and resolve any discrepancies before the results are certified if "the results of the manual recount of the selected races and ballot issues differ by more than one-half of one percent (0.5%) from the results of the electronically tabulated vote results."^[33]

Post-election audits check that election results tallied by a state's voting system match results from paper records, such as paper ballots filled out by voters or the paper records produced by electronic voting machines. Post-election audits are classified into two categories: audits of election results—which include traditional post-election audits as well as risk-limiting audits—and procedural audits.^[34][35]

Typically, traditional post-election audits are done by recounting a portion of ballots, either electronically or by hand, and comparing the results to those produced by the state's voting system. In contrast, risk-limiting audits use statistical methods to compare a random sample of votes cast to election results instead of reviewing every ballot. The scope of procedural audits varies by state, but they typically include a systematic review of voting equipment, performance of the voting system, vote totals, duties of election officials and workers, ballot chain of custody, and more.

Forty-six states and the District of Columbia require some form of post-election audit by law, excluding states with pilot programs. Of these, 39 states and the District of Columbia require traditional post-election audits, while three states require risk-limiting post-election audits, and three states require some other form of post-election audit, including procedural post-election audits.^[36][34]

Election administration authorities[edit]

State election officials[edit]

In Missouri, the secretary of state is the state's chief election authority. The secretary of state is elected by popular vote every four years. There is no state board of elections or equivalent authority.^[37]

Local election officials[edit]

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Do you need information about elections in your area? Are you looking for your local election official? Click here to visit the U.S. Vote Foundation and use their election official lookup tool.

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Noteworthy events[edit]

Gov. Parson signs bill making changes to state election laws including restricting the private funding of election administration and requiring quarterly voter list maintenance (2022)[edit]

On June 29, 2022, Gov. Mike Parson (R) signed HB 1878 into law. This bill made a number of modifications to the state's election laws, including, but not limited to, the following:^[7]

• Authorized the secretary of state to conduct quarterly audits of the state's voter registration list and directs election officials to remove the names of ineligible voters from the list;
• Prohibited changes to the state's election laws within 26 weeks of a presidential election;
• Prohibited election officials, at both the state and local levels, from accepting or spending private funds for the purpose of administering elections;
• Required voters to "declare a political party affiliation from the established political parties or declare themselves unaffiliated" upon registration;
• Allowed voters to file change-of-address forms after the registration deadline, up to and including Election Day, provided that they can present photo identification upon doing so;
• Barred payment for soliciting voter registration applications;
• Required entities that solicit more than 10 voter registration applications to register with the secretary of state;
• Required the use of paper ballots;
• Discontinued the use of touchscreen direct-recording electronic vote counting machines, effective Jan. 1, 2024;
• Required election authorities to conduct cybersecurity reviews once every two years;
• Prohibited the use of mail-in ballots under executive or administrative order;
• Specified that photo identification is required for voting a regular ballot or absentee/mail-in ballot in person;
• Eliminated the presidential preference primary, instead providing for the use of caucuses to determine presidential nominees; and
• Prohibited public officials from entering into a settlement in any civil action that "nullifies, suspends, enjoins, alters, or conflicts" with the state's election laws and authorizes the state legislature to intervene in any such action.

The state Senate approved the final version of the bill on May 9 by a vote of 23-11, with 23 Republicans voting in favor of the bill and 10 Democrats and one Republican voting against the bill. The state House followed suit on May 12 by a vote of 97-46, with 96 Republicans and one Democrat voting in favor and 46 Democrats voting against the bill.^[7]

Election policy ballot measures[edit]

See also: Elections and campaigns on the ballot and List of Missouri ballot measures

Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to election and campaign policy in Missouri.

1. Missouri Amendment 1, Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative (2018)
2. Missouri Amendment 3, Redistricting Process and Criteria, Lobbying, and Campaign Finance Amendment (2020)

Recent legislation related to election administration in Missouri[edit]

The table below lists bills related to election administration that have been introduced during (or carried over to) the current legislative session in Missouri. The following information is included for each bill:

• State
• Bill number
• Official bill name or caption
• Most recent action date
• Legislative status
• Sponsor party
• Topics dealt with by the bill

Bills are organized by most recent action. The table displays up to 100 results. To view more bills, use the arrows in the upper-right corner. Clicking on a bill will open its page on Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, which includes bill details and a summary.

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Ballot access[edit]

See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Missouri

In order to get on the ballot in Missouri, a candidate for state or federal office must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements well in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.

There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for office in a state.

1. An individual can seek the nomination of a state-recognized political party.
2. An individual can run as an independent. Independent candidates often must petition in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.
3. An individual can run as a write-in candidate.

This article outlines the steps that prospective candidates for state-level and congressional office must take in order to run for office in Missouri. For information about filing requirements for presidential candidates, click here. Information about filing requirements for local-level offices is not available in this article (contact state election agencies for information about local candidate filing processes).

Redistricting[edit]

See also: Redistricting in Missouri

Redistricting is the process by which new congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. Each of Missouri's eight United States Representatives and 197 state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. United States Senators are not elected by districts, but by the states at large. District lines are redrawn every 10 years following completion of the United States census. The federal government stipulates that districts must have nearly equal populations and must not discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity.^{[38][39][40][41]}

Missouri was apportioned eight seats in the U.S. House of Representatives after the 2020 census, the same number it received after the 2010 census. Click here for more information about redistricting in Missouri after the 2020 census.

State process[edit]

See also: State-by-state redistricting procedures

In Missouri, congressional district boundaries are drawn by the state legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.^[42]

In 2018, the voters passed a citizens’ initiative called Amendment 1 that reshaped the redistricting process; in 2020, the voters narrowly passed a legislatively referred initiative called Amendment 3 that reshaped the process again.

Two distinct politician commissions are ultimately responsible for state legislative redistricting, one for the Missouri State Senate and another for the Missouri House of Representatives. Membership on these commissions is determined as follows:^[42]

Contact information[edit]

Election agencies[edit]

Seal of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission

See also: State election agencies

Individuals seeking additional information about election administration in Missouri can contact the following local, state, and federal agencies.

Missouri Election Authority

Click here for a list

Secretary of State, Elections Division

Physical Address: 600 West Main Street

Jefferson City, Missouri 65101

Mailing Address: James C. Kirkpatrick State Information Center

PO Box 1767

Jefferson City, MO 65102-1767

Phone: 573-751-2301

Toll free: 800-669-8683

Fax: 573-526-3242

Email: elections@sos.mo.gov

Website: https://www.sos.mo.gov

Missouri Ethics Commission

Physical Address: 3411A Knipp Drive, Suite A

Jefferson City, Missouri 65109

Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1370

Jefferson City, Missouri 65102

Phone: 573-751-2020

Toll free: 800-392-8660

Fax: 573-526-4506

Email: helpdesk@mec.mo.gov

Website: http://www.mec.mo.gov/

U.S. Election Assistance Commission

633 3rd Street NW, Suite 200

Washington, DC 20001

Phone: 301-563-3919

Toll free: 1-866-747-1471

Email: clearinghouse@eac.gov

Website: https://www.eac.gov

Ballotpedia's election coverage[edit]

U.S. Congress special elections

Governors

Attorney general

Other state executives

State legislatures

State ballot measures

Local ballot measures

State judges

Local judges

Municipal government

School boards

Recall

See also[edit]

• Election laws and legislation in Missouri
• State of Election Administration Legislation Reports
• Factors affecting the speed of ballot counting and delivery of unofficial election results
• Voting in Missouri
• Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Missouri
• Redistricting in Missouri

Elections in Missouri[edit]

• Missouri elections, 2025
• Missouri elections, 2024
• Missouri elections, 2023
• Missouri elections, 2022
• Missouri elections, 2021
• Missouri elections, 2020
• Missouri elections, 2019
• Missouri elections, 2018
• Missouri elections, 2017
• Missouri elections, 2016
• Missouri elections, 2015
• Missouri elections, 2014

External links[edit]

• Missouri Secretary of State - Elections

Footnotes[edit]

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