Federal judges nominated by Jimmy Carter

U.S. Federal Courts
Vacancies and Nominations

Judicial vacancies in federal courts • Judicial vacancies during the Biden administration • Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden • Federal judicial appointments by president • Supreme Court vacancy, 2022

ABA ratings of presidential federal judicial nominees • ABA ratings during the Biden administration • ABA ratings during the Trump administration

Jimmy Carter was president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. During his time in office he had 262 judges successfully nominated and confirmed to the federal bench. Carter had six nominees withdrawn and 20 receive no vote from the Senate.^[1]^[2]

Also, during Carter's Presidency came the creation of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals which created a new circuit for Georgia, Alabama, and Florida by breaking up the Fifth Circuit.^[3]

List of judges[edit]

Judge	Final post:	Term:	Previous Post:	Term:	Bachelors:	Law:
Stephen Breyer	Supreme Court	August 3, 1994 - Present	First Circuit	1980-1994	Stanford University, 1959 Oxford University, 1961	Harvard Law School, 1964
Ruth Bader Ginsburg	Supreme Court	August 5, 1993 - September 18, 2020	D.C. Circuit	1980-1993	Cornell University, 1954	Columbia Law School, 1959
Thomas Tang
Cecil Poole	Ninth Circuit	11/27/1979 - 1/15/1996	Northern District of California	1976-1979	University of Michigan (1935)	University of Michigan Law School (1938), Harvard Law School (1939)
William Albert Norris	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit	June 18, 1980 - July 7, 1994			Princeton University, B.A., 1951	Stanford Law School, J.D., 1954
Mary Schroeder	Ninth Circuit	September 26, 1979 - December 31, 2011	Arizona Court of Appeals	1975 - 1979	Swarthmore College, B.A., 1962	University of Chicago Law School, J.D., 1965
Damon Keith	Sixth Circuit	October 21, 1977 - May 1, 1995	Eastern District of Michigan	October 12, 1967 - November 22, 1977	West Virginia State College, B.A., 1943	Howard University School of Law, LL.B., 1949
Barbara Crabb	Western District of Wisconsin	November 2, 1979 - March 24, 2010	Magistrate judge, Western District of Wisconsin	1971-1979	University of Wisconsin, 1960	University of Wisconsin Law School, 1962
Marvin Aspen	Northern District of Illinois	7/24/1979 - 7/1/2002			Northwestern U., B.S., 1956	Northwestern U. School of Law, J.D., 1958
Charles Kocoras	Northern District of Illinois	9/30/1980 - 6/30/2006			De Paul U., B.S., 1961	De Paul U. College of Law, J.D., 1969
James B. Moran	Northern District of Illinois	7/24/1979 - 6/30/1995			University of Michigan, B.A., 1952	Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1957
Harold Baker	Central District of Illinois	3/31/1979 - 10/4/1994	Eastern District of Illinois	9/23/1978 - 3/31/1979	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1951	University of Illinois College of Law, 1956
Anna Taylor	Eastern District of Michigan	November 2, 1979 - December 31, 1998			Barnard College, 1954	Yale Law School, 1957
Avern Cohn	Eastern District of Michigan	9/26/1979-10/9/1999			University of Michigan, 1943	University of Michigan Law School, 1949
Julian Cook	Eastern District of Michigan	9/23/1978 - 12/30/1996			Pennsylvania State U., B.A., 1952	Georgetown U. Law Center, J.D., 1957
Arthur Tarnow	Eastern District of Michigan	5/22/1998 - 5/26/2010			Wayne State U., B.A., 1963	Wayne State U. Law School, J.D., 1965
Richard Enslen	Western District of Michigan	12/21/1979-9/1/2005				Wayne State University, 1958
Ann Aldrich	Northern District of Ohio	5/24/1980 - 5/12/1995			Columbia University (1948)	New York University School of LAw (1950), (1960), (1967)
S. Arthur Spiegel	Southern District of Ohio	5/23/1980-6/5/1995			University of Cincinnati, 1942	Harvard Law School, 1948
John Holschuh	Southern District of Ohio	5/23/1980-10/12/1996			Miami University, 1948	University of Cincinnati College of Law, 1951
Walter Rice	Southern District of Ohio	May 23, 1980 - November 30, 2004			Northwestern University, 1958	Columbia Law School, 1962
Thomas Wiseman	Middle District of Tennessee	8/11/1978 - 11/3/1995			Vanderbilt U., B.A., 1952	Vanderbilt U. Law School, J.D., 1954
John Nixon	Middle District of Tennessee	May 12, 1980 - August 15, 1998			Harvard University, 1955	Vanderbilt University Law School, 1960
William Bertelsman	Eastern District of Kentucky	11/27/1979 - 2/1/2001			Xavier U., Ohio, A.B., 1958	University of Cincinnati College of Law, J.D., 1961
Green Wix Unthank	Eastern District of Kentucky	6/18/1980 - 6/14/1988				University of Miami School of Law, J.D., 1950
Edward Johnstone	Western District of Kentucky	10/11/1977 - 10/22/1993				University of Kentucky College of Law, J.D., 1949
Donald O'Brien	Northern District of Iowa	October 5, 1978 - December 30, 1992	Southern District of Iowa	October 5, 1978 - December 1, 1990		Creighton University School of Law, 1948
Edward Filippine	Eastern District of Missouri	7/22/1977 - 6/11/1995			Saint Louis U., A.B., 1951	Saint Louis U. School of Law, J.D., 1957
Rya Zobel	District of Massachusetts	3/23/1979-4/1/2014			Radcliffe College, 1953	Harvard Law, 1956
Carmen Cerezo	District of Puerto Rico	June 30, 1980-February 28, 2021			Puerto Rico University, 1963	Puerto Rico University Law, 1966
John Kane	District of Colorado	12/16/1977 - 4/8/1988			University of Colorado, B.A., 1958	University of Denver Law, J.D., 1960
Ellen Burns	District of Connecticut	5/18/1978-9/1/1992	Connecticut Superior Court	1976-1978	Albertus Magnus College, 1944	Yale Law School, 1947
Warren Eginton	District of Connecticut	July 24, 1979 - August 1, 1992			Princeton University, 1948	Yale Law School, 1951
Charles Sifton	Eastern District of New York	10/12/1977 - 3/18/2000			Harvard, B.A., 1957	Columbia Law, LL.B., 1961
Neal McCurn	Northern District of New York	11/02/1979-04/05/1993	Attorney in private practice	1952-1979	Syracuse University, 1950	Syracuse University College of Law, 1952
Zita Weinshienk	District of Colorado	9/26/1979 - 4/3/1998			University of Arizona, B.A., 1955	Harvard Law, J.D., 1958
Leonard Sand	Southern District of New York	May 19, 1978 - June 30, 1993			New York University School of Commerce, 1947	Harvard Law, 1951
Robert Sweet	Southern District of New York	April 28, 1978 - February 28, 1991			Yale University, 1944	Yale Law, 1948
Anne Thompson	District of New Jersey	11/02/1979 - 05/31/2001			Howard U., B.A., 1955	Howard U. Law, LL.B., 1964
Harold Ackerman	District of New Jersey	11/2/1979 - 2/15/1994				Rutgers University School of Law (1951)
Dickinson Debevoise	District of New Jersey	11/02/1979 - 04/30/1994			Williams College, B.A., 1948	Columbia Law, LL.B., 1951
Louis Pollak	Eastern District of Pennsylvania	07/12/1978 - 12/31/1990			Harvard, B.A., 1943	Yale, LL.B., 1948
Norma Shapiro	Eastern District of Pennsylvania	August 11, 1978 - December 31, 1998			University of Michigan, B.A., 1948	University of Pennsylvania Law School, J.D., 1951
James Giles	Eastern District of Pennsylvania	11/27/1979 - 2/11/2008			B.A., Amherst College, 1964	LL.B., Yale Law School, 1967
Gilbert Merritt	Sixth Circuit	October 31, 1977 - January 17, 2001			Yale University, B.A., 1957	Vanderbilt University Law School, LL.B., 1960
Cornelia Kennedy	Sixth Circuit	9/26/1979-3/1/1999	Eastern District of Michigan	10/7/1970-10/3/1979	University of Michigan, B.A., 1945	University of Michigan Law School, J.D., 1947
Boyce Martin	Sixth Circuit	September 26, 1979 - August 16, 2013	Kentucky Court of Appeals	1976 - 1979	Davidson College, 1957	University of Virginia School of Law, 1963
Richard Conaboy	Middle District of Pennsylvania	July 24, 1979 - September 1, 1992	Judge, Lackawanna County Court of Common Pleas	1962-1979	University of Scranton, 1945	Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law, 1950
Sylvia Rambo	Middle District of Pennsylvania	July 24, 1979 - April 18, 2001	Judge, Cumberland County Court of Common Pleas	1976-1978	Dickinson College, 1958	Dickinson School of Law, 1962
Bruce Jenkins	District of Utah	September 22, 1978 - September 30, 1994	US Bankruptcy Judge	1973-1978	University of Utah, 1949	University of Utah College of Law, 1952
Frank Seay	Eastern District of Oklahoma	November 2, 1979 - September 25, 2003			University of Oklahoma, 1961	University of Oklahoma College of Law, 1966
Lee West	Western District of Oklahoma	November 2, 1979 - November 26, 1994			University of Oklahoma, 1952	University of Oklahoma College of Law, 1956
Truman McGill Hobbs Sr. (Alabama federal district court judge)	Middle District of Alabama	April 3, 1980 - February 11, 1991			University of North Carolina, 1942	Yale Law School, 1948
Robert Propst	Northern District of Alabama	May 30, 1980-July 15, 1996			University of Alabama, 1953	University of Alabama School of Law, 1957
U. W. Clemon	Northern District of Alabama	6/30/1980 - 1/31/2009			Miles College, B.A., 1965	Columbia Law, J.D., 1968
Myron Thompson	Middle District of Alabama	September 29, 1980 - August 22, 2013			Yale University, 1969	Yale Law School, 1972
George Mitchell	District of Maine	10/5/1979-5/16/1980			Bowdoin College, B.A., 1954	Georgetown U. Law, LL.B., 1960
Martin Loughlin	District of New Hampshire	4/26/1979 - 5/15/1989	New Hampshire Superior Court	1963-1979	St. Anselm`s College, A.B., 1947	Suffolk U. Law, LL.B., 1951
Shane Devine	District of New Hampshire	6/27/1978 - 9/8/1992			New Hampshire U., B.A., 1949	Boston College Law, J.D., 1952
Hugh Bownes	First Circuit	10/11/1977 - 1/1/1990	District of New Hampshire	1968 - 1977	Columbia U., B.A., 1941	Columbia Law School, LL.B., 1948
Howell Melton	Middle District of Florida	4/26/1977-2/1/1991			University of Florida, 1943	University of Florida College of Law, 1948
William Castagna	Middle District of Florida	7/24/1979 - 6/29/1992			University of Florida, 1949	University of Florida, 1967
Paul Hatfield	District of Montana	5/10/1979-2/9/1996				University of Montana, 1955
Terence Evans	Seventh Circuit	8/11/1995 - 1/7/2010	Eastern District of Wisconsin	11/2/1979 - 8/11/1995	Marquette Uuniversity, 1962	Marquette University Law School, 1967
William Hoeveler	Southern District of Florida	April 26, 1977 - January 31, 1991			Bucknell University, 1947	Harvard Law School, 1950
Jose Gonzalez (Florida)	Southern District of Florida	7/28/1978 - 11/30/1996			University of Florida, B.A., 1952	University of Florida, J.D., 1957
James Paine	Southern District of Florida	10/5/1979 - 5/20/1992			Columbia University School of Business (1947)	University of Virginia School of Law (1950)
Milton Shadur	Northern District of Illinois	5/23/1980 - 6/25/1992			University of Chicago, B.S., 1943	University of Chicago Law School, J.D., 1949
Howard Sachs	Western District of Missouri	9/26/1979-10/31/1992			Williams College, 1947	Harvard Law School, 1950
Horace Gilmore	Eastern District of Michigan	6/18/1980 - 5/1/1991			University of Michigan, B.A., 1939	University of Michigan Law School, J.D., 1942
Stewart Newblatt	Eastern District of Michigan	9/26/1979 - 12/23/1993			University of Michigan, 1950	University of Michigan Law School, 1952
Orinda Evans	Northern District of Georgia	7/24/1979-12/31/2008			Duke University,1965	Emory University School of Law, 1968
Marvin Shoob	Northern District of Georgia	July 24, 1979 - September 30, 1991				University of Georgia School of Law, J.D., 1948
Horace Ward	Northern District of Georgia	12/6/1979 - 12/31/1993			Morehouse College, B.A., 1949	Northwestern University School of Law, J.D., 1959
Charles Moye	Northern District of Georgia	10/16/1970 - 1/1/1988			Emory University, B.A., 1939	Emory University, J.D., 1943
Ernest Tidwell	Northern District of Georgia	7/24/1979-10/8/1999				Emory University School of Law, 1954
Harold Murphy	Northern District of Georgia	July 29, 1977 - March 31, 2017	7th Superior Court District of Georgia	1971-1977		University of Georgia Law, LL.B., 1949
Robert Vining	Northern District of Georgia	7/24/1979 - 3/31/1996			University of Georgia, B.A., 1959	University of Georgia School of Law, J.D., 1959
Benjamin Gibson	Western District of Michigan	9/26/1979 - 7/13/1996			Wayne State U., B.S., 1955	Detroit College of Law, J.D., 1960
Berry Edenfield	Southern District of Georgia	10/11/1978-8/2/2009			University of Georgia, 1956	University of Georgia, 1958
Dudley Bowen	Southern District of Georgia	November 27, 1979 - June 25, 2006			University of Georgia, 1964	University of Georgia, 1965
James Foreman	Southern District of Illinois	3/31/1979-6/1/1992	Eastern District of Illinois	3/7/1972-3/31/1979	University of Illinois, 1950	University of Illinois College of Law, 1952
William Beatty	Southern District of Illinois	10/5/1979 - 11/9/1992				Saint Louis University School of Law (1950)
Henry Woods	Eastern District of Arkansas	2/20/1980 - 3/1/1995			University of Arkansas (1938)	University of Arkansas School of Law (1940)
William Overton	Eastern District of Arkansas	5/11/1979 - 7/14/1987			University of Arkansas (1961)	University of Arkansas School of Law (1964)
Richard Arnold (Arkansas)	Eighth Circuit	2/20/1980 - 9/23/2004	Eastern District of Arkansas	1978 - 1980	Yale University (1957)	Harvard Law School (1960)
Donald Porter	District of South Dakota	5/11/1979 - 3/16/1992			University of South Dakota, B.S., 1942	University of South Dakota School of Law, LL.B., 1943
Douglas Hillman	Western District of Michigan	9/26/1979 - 2/15/1991			University of Michigan, A.B., 1946	University of Michigan Law School, LL.B., 1948
Diana Murphy	Eighth Circuit	October 11, 1994 - November 29, 2016	District of Minnesota	February 20, 1980 - October 13, 1994	University of Minnesota, B.A., 1954	University of Minnesota Law School, J.D., 1974
Stephanie Seymour	Tenth Circuit	November 2, 1979 - October 16, 2005			Smith College, B.A., 1962	Harvard Law School, J.D., 1965
Robert Lanier Anderson	Eleventh Circuit	October 1, 1981 - January 31, 2009	Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals	July 13, 1979 - October 1, 1981	Yale College, A.B., 1958	Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1961
Phyllis Kravitch	Eleventh Circuit	October 1, 1981 - December 31, 1996	Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals	March 23, 1979 - October 1, 1981	Goucher College, 1941	University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1943
Joseph Hatchett	Eleventh Circuit	10/1/1981 - 5/14/1999	Fifth Circuit	1979-1981	Florida A&M U> '54	Howard U. Law '59
Albert Henderson	Eleventh Circuit	7/12/1979 - 1/31/1986	Northern District of Georgia	1968-1979		Mercer U., LL.B., 1947
Thomas Clark (Eleventh Circuit)	United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit	October 1, 1981 - August 31, 1991	United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit	August 28, 1979 - October 1, 1981	Washington and Lee University, B.S., 1942	University of Georgia School of Law, LL.B, 1949
Robert Vance	United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit	October 1, 1981 - December 16, 1989	United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit	December 15, 1977 - October 1, 1981	University of Alabama, B.S., 1950	University of Alabama School of Law, J.D., 1952
Susan Black (Eleventh Circuit)	Eleventh Circuit	August 12, 1992 - February 25, 2011	Middle District of Florida	1979 - 1992	Florida State University, B.A., 1964	University of Florida College of Law, J.D. 1967
Monroe McKay	Tenth Circuit	December 1, 1977 - December 31, 1993			Brigham Young University, B.S., 1957	University of Chicago Law School, J.D., 1960
Richard Cudahy	Seventh Circuit	September 26, 1979 - August 15, 1994			West Point, 1948	Yale Law, 1955
Pierre Leval	Second Circuit	October 20, 1993 - August 16, 2002	Southern District of New York	1977 - 1993	Harvard College, A.B., 1959	Harvard Law School, J.D., 1963
Jon Newman	Second Circuit	June 21, 1979 - July 1, 1997	District of Connecticut	1971 - 1979	Princeton University, A.B., 1953	Yale Law School, LL.B., 1956
Amalya Kearse	Second Circuit	June 21, 1979 - June 11, 2002			Wellesley College, B.A., 1959	University of Michigan Law School, J.D., 1962
Jose Cabranes	Second Circuit	August 10, 1994 - Present	District of Connecticut	1979 - 1994	Columbia University, A.B., 1961	Yale Law School, J.D., 1965
Thomas Reavley	Fifth Circuit	July 13, 1979 - August 1, 1990			University of Texas, B.A., 1942	Harvard Law School, J.D., 1948
Carolyn King	Fifth Circuit	July 13, 1979 - December 31, 2013			Smith College, B.A., 1959	Yale Law School, LL.B., 1962
Alvin Rubin	United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit	September 19, 1977 - July 1, 1989	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana	November 3, 1966 - October 8, 1977	Louisiana State University, B.S., 1941	Louisiana State University Law School, LL.B., 1942
Henry Politz	Fifth Circuit	7/13/1979 - 3/25/2002			Louisiana State University, B.A., 1958	Louisiana State University Law School, J.D., 1959
Reynaldo Garza	Fifth Circuit	7/13/1979 - 7/7/1982	Southern District of Texas	4/14/1961 - 8/1/1979	Brownsville Junior College, A.A., 1935; U. of Texas, Austin, B.A., 1937	University of Texas School of Law, LL.B., 1939
Albert Tate, Jr.	United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit	October 5, 1979 - March 27, 1986	Associate justice, Louisiana Supreme Court	1970-1979	George Washington University, B.A., 1941	Yale Law School, LL.B., 1947
Jerre Williams	United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit	June 18, 1980 - July 2, 1990			University of Denver, A.B., 1938	Columbia Law School, J.D., 1941
Robert Parker	Fifth Circuit	6/16/1994 - 11/1/2002	Eastern District of Texas	4/26/1979 - 6/17/1994	U. of Texas, Austin, B.B.A., 1961	University of Texas School of Law, LL.B., 1964
Samuel Ervin	Fourth Circuit	1980-1999	North Carolina Superior Courts	1967-1980	Davidson College '48	Harvard Law '51
James Sprouse	United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit	September 13, 1979 - October 31, 1992			St. Bonaventure University, A.B., 1947	Columbia Law School, LL.B., 1949
Dolores Sloviter	Third Circuit	June 21, 1979 - June 21, 2013			Temple University, A.B., 1953	University of Pennsylvania Law School, LL.B., 1956
Lee Sarokin	Third Circuit	10/5/1994 - 7/31/1996	District of New Jersey	11/2/1979 - 10/4/1994	Dartmouth College (1950)	Harvard Law School (1953)
Richard Williams (Virginia)	Eastern District of Virginia	9/30/1980 - 5/1/1992				University of Virginia School of Law, 1951
George Anderson	District of South Carolina	May 23, 1980-January 29, 2009			Southeastern University, 1949	University of South Carolina School of Law, 1954
Earl Britt	Eastern District of North Carolina	May 23, 1980 - December 7, 1997			Wake Forest College, 1956	Wake Forest College School of Law, 1958
Peter Beer	Eastern District of Louisiana	11/27/1979 - 04/11/1994	Louisiana Supreme Court, Justice	1978 - 1979	Tulane U., B.B.A., 1949	Tulane Law School, LL.B., 1952
John Parker (Louisiana)	Middle District of Louisiana	09/26/1979 - 10/30/1998			Louisiana State U., B.A., 1949	Louisiana State U. Law, J.D., 1952
Frank Polozola	Middle District of Louisiana	05/23/1980 - 01/14/2007	Middle District of Louisiana, Magistrate Judge	1973 - 1980		Louisiana State U. Law, LL.B., 1965
Lyonel Senter	Northern District of Mississippi	12/21/1979 - 7/30/1998	First Judicial District of Mississippi, 1968-1979	1968 - 1979	University of Southern Mississippi, B.S., 1956	University of Mississippi Law, LL.B., 1959
Harold Sanders	Northern District of Texas	4/26/1979 - 1/1/1996			University of Texas, B.A., 1949	University of Texas School of Law, J.D., 1950
Jerry Buchmeyer	Northern District of Texas	10/5/1979 - 9/5/2003			Kilgore Junior College, B.S., 1953; U. of Texas, B.A., 1955	University of Texas School of Law, LL.B., 1957
Mary Lou Robinson	Northern District of Texas	April 26, 1979 - February 3, 2016	Chief justice, Texas Seventh District Court of Appeals	1973 - 1979	University of Texas, 1948	University of Texas School of Law, 1950
Harry Hudspeth	Western District of Texas	November 27, 1979 - June 30, 2001	Federal magistrate judge, Western District of Texas	1977-1979	University of Texas, 1955	University of Texas School of Law, 1958
Alan Bloch	Western District of Pennsylvania	November 2, 1979 - April 12, 1997			University of Pennsylvania, 1953	University of Pittsburgh School of Law, 1958
Gustave Diamond	Western District of Pennsylvania	May 2, 1978 - January 31, 1994			Duke University, 1951	Duquesne University School of Law, 1956
Edward Reed	District of Nevada	9/26/1979 - 7/15/1992			University of Nevada, B.A., 1949	Harvard Law School, J.D., 1952
Earl Carroll	District of Arizona	June 30, 1980 - October 10, 1994			University of Arizona, 1948	University of Arizona College of Law, 1951
William C. Pryor	District of Columbia Court of Appeals	1979-			Dartmouth College, B.A., 1954	Georgetown Law Center, J.D., 1959
Owen Panner	District of Oregon	February 20, 1980 - July 28, 1992				University of Oklahoma, 1949
James Redden	District of Oregon	February 20, 1980 - March 13, 1995				Boston College Law School, 1954
Thelton Henderson	Northern District of California	6/30/1980 - 11/28/1998			University of California, Berkeley, B.A., 1956	University of California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Law, J.D., 1962
Marilyn Patel	Northern District of California	6/30/1980-10/30/2009			Wheaton College, 1959	Fordham University School of Law, 1963
Lawrence Karlton	Eastern District of California	July 24, 1979 - May 28, 2000	Judge, Superior Court of California for Sacramento County	1976-1979		Columbia Law School, 1958
Terry Hatter	Central District of California	12/20/1979 - 4/22/2005			Wesleyan U., B.A., 1954	University of Chicago Law School, J.D., 1960
Consuelo Marshall	Central District of California	9/30/1980 - 10/24/2005			Howard University, B.A., 1958	Howard University, LL.B., 1961
Mariana Pfaelzer	Central District of California	9/23/1978-12/31/1997			University of California, Santa Barbara, 1949	University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law, 1957
John Ferren	District of Columbia Court of Appeals	1977-1997	Corporation Counsel for DC	1997-1999	Harvard College	Harvard Law School
Annice Wagner	District of Columbia Court of Appeals	1994-2005	Judge, District of Columbia Superior Court
Justin Quackenbush	Eastern District of Washington	6/18/1980 - 6/27/1995			University of Idaho, B.A., 1951	Gonzaga U. School of Law, LL.B., 1957
Barbara Rothstein	D.C. District Court	February 20, 1980 - September 1, 2011			Cornell University, 1960	Harvard Law School, 1966
Louis Oberdorfer	D.C. District Court	10/11/1977 - 7/31/1992			Dartmouth '39	Yale Law '46
James Phillips	Fourth Circuit	August 11, 1978 - July 31, 1994			Davidson College, 1943	University of North Carolina School of Law, 1948
George Kazen	Southern District of Texas	5/11/1979 - 5/31/2009			University of Texas, B.B.A., 1960	University of Texas School of Law, J.D., 1961
Harry Pregerson	Ninth Circuit	November 2, 1979 - December 11, 2015	Central District of California	1967 - 1979	University of California, Los Angeles, 1947	University of California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Law, 1950
Stephen Reinhardt	Ninth Circuit	September 11, 1980 - Present			Pomona College, B.A., 1951	Yale Law School, LL.B., 1954
Procter Hug	Ninth Circuit	September 15, 1977 - January 1, 2002			University of Nevada, Reno, B.S., 1953	Stanford Law School, LL.B., 1958
Betty Binns Fletcher	Ninth Circuit	9/26/1979 - 11/1/1998	Private practice	1956 - 1979	Stanford University 1943	University of Washington School of Law 1956
Otto Skopil	Ninth Circuit	9/26/1979 - 6/30/1986	District of Oregon	6/2/1972 - 10/20/1979	Willamette U., B.A., 1941	Willamette U. College of Law, LL.B., 1946
Joseph Farris	Ninth Circuit	September 27, 1979 - March 4, 1995	Washington Court of Appeals	1969 - 1979	Morehouse College, B.S., 1951	University of Washington School of Law, J.D., 1958
Arthur Alarcon	Ninth Circuit	11/2/1979-11/21/1992	Judge, California Courts of Appeal	1978-1979	University of Southern California 1949	University of Southern California Law School 1951
Warren Ferguson	Ninth Circuit	11/27/1979 - 7/31/1986	Central District of California	1966 - 1979	University of Nevada, Reno (1942)	University of Southern California Law School (1949)
Dorothy Wright Nelson	Ninth Circuit	December 20, 1979 - January 1, 1995			University of California, Los Angeles, A.B., 1950	University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law, J.D. 1953
William Canby	Ninth Circuit	May 23, 1980 - May 23, 1996			Yale University, B.A., 1953	University of Minnesota Law School, LL.B., 1956
Robert Boochever	Ninth Circuit	6/18/1980 - 6/10/1986	Alaska Supreme Court	1972 - 1980	Cornell University 1939	Cornell Law School 1941
Harry Edwards	D.C. Circuit	2/20/1980-11/3/2005			Cornell University, 1962	University of Michigan Law, 1965
Daniel Friedman	Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	10/1/1982 - 11/1/1989			Columbia U., 1937	Columbia Law, 1940
Joseph Clemens Howard	District of Maryland	10/5/1979 - 11/14/1991			University of Iowa (1950), Drake University (1955)	Drake University (1968)
David Sutherland Nelson	District of Massachusetts	3/23/1979 - 9/27/1991	Superior Court of Massachusetts	1973-1979	Boston College, B.S., 1957	Boston College Law School, J.D., 1960
Gilroy Daly	District of Connecticut	8/5/1977 - 7/11/1996			Georgetown U., B.A., 1952	Yale Law, LL.B., 1957
Robert Keeton	District of Massachusetts	3/23/1979 - 2/28/2003			Texas U., B.B.A., 1940	Texas U. Law, LL.B., 1941, Harvard Law, S.J.D., 1956
David Mazzone	District of Massachusetts	2/10/1978 - 6/3/1993	Massachusetts Superior Courts	1957-1978	Harvard College, B.A., 1950	DePaul U. Law, J.D., 1957
John McNaught	District of Massachusetts	3/23/1979 - 2/1/1991	Massachusetts Superior Courts	1972-1979	Boston College, B.A., 1943	Boston College Law, J.D., 1949
Eugene Nickerson	Eastern District of New York	10/21/1977 - 1/1/1994			Harvard, B.A., 1941	Columbia Law, LL.B., 1943
Gilberto Gierbolini-Ortiz	District of Puerto Rico	2/20/1980 - 12/27/1993			Puerto Rico U., B.A., 1957	Puerto Rico U. Law, LL.B., 1961
Juan Perez-Gimenez	District of Puerto Rico	12/6/1979 - 3/28/2006	District of Puerto Rico, U.S. Magistrate	1975 - 1979	Puerto Rico U., B.A., 1963	Puerto Rico U. Law, LL.B., 1968
Francis Boyle	District of Rhode Island	7/1/1977 - 12/1/1992				Boston College Law, 1952
Mary Lowe	Southern District of New York	6/27/1978 - 7/27/1991			Hunter College of the City University of New York (1951)	Brooklyn Law School (1954), Columbia Law School (1955)
Abraham Sofaer	Southern District of New York	3/23/1979 - 6/9/1985			Yeshiva University (1962)	New York University School of Law (1965)
Aloysius Higginbotham	Third Circuit	10/11/1977 - 1/30/1991	Eastern District of Pennsylvania	3/17/1964 - 10/10/1977	Antioch College (1949)	Yale Law School (1952)
George White (Ohio)	Northern District of Ohio	5/23/1980-2/26/1999				Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, 1955
Donald Ziegler	Western District of Pennsylvania	5/2/1978 - 10/1/2001	Court of Common Pleas, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania,	1974 - 1978	Duquesne U., B.A., 1958	Georgetown U. Law Center, LL.B., 1961
Paul Simmons	Western District of Pennsylvania	4/7/1978-5/31/1990	Judge, Washington County Court of Common Pleas	1973-1978	University of Pittsburgh, 1946	Harvard Law, 1949
Shirley Jones	District of Maryland	10/5/1979 - 12/31/1982			University of Baltimore Junior College (1944)	University of Baltimore School of Law (1946)
Norman Ramsey	District of Maryland	9/30/1980 - 10/31/1991				University of Maryland School of Law (1947)
Richard Erwin	Middle District of North Carolina	9/30/1980 - 9/22/1992	North Carolina Court of Appeals	1978-1980	Johnson C. Smith U., B.A., 1947	Howard U. Law, LL.B., 1951
Falcon Hawkins	District of South Carolina	9/26/1979 - 10/1/1993			The Citadel, B.S., 1958	University of South Carolina Law, J.D., 1963
Charles Weston Houck	District of South Carolina	September 26, 1979-October 1, 2003				University of South Carolina School of Law, 1956
Matthew Perry	District of South Carolina	9/20/1979-9/30/1995	Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces	1971-1974	South Carolina State College, 1948	South Carolina State College, 1951
James Michael	Western District of Virginia	9/30/1980 - 10/31/1995			University of Virginia (1940)	University of Virginia School of Law (1942)
William Kidd	Northern District of West Virginia	1/14/1983 - 12/20/1998	Southern District of West Virginia	1979 - 1983		West Virginia University College of Law (1950)
Robert Staker	Southern District of West Virginia	9/13/1979 - 12/31/1994				West Virginia University College of Law (1952)
Harold Vietor	Southern District of Iowa	May 11, 1979 - December 29, 1996			University of Iowa, B.A., 1955	University of Iowa College of Law, J.D., 1958
George Arceneaux	Eastern District of Louisiana	9/26/1979 - 4/6/1993			Louisiana State University (1949)	American University's Washington College of Law (1957)
Patrick Carr (Louisiana)	Eastern District of Louisiana	9/26/1979 - 10/1/1991				Loyola University New Orleans School of Law (1950)
Robert Collins	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana	May 19, 1978 - 1993	Magistrate judge, Criminal District Court, New Orleans, Louisiana	1972-1978	Dillard University, B.A., 1951	Louisiana State University Law School, LL.B., 1954
Adrian Duplantier	Eastern District of Louisiana	5/31/1978 - 3/6/1994				Loyola University New Orleans School of Law (1949), University of Virginia School of Law (1988)
Veronica Wicker	Eastern District of Louisiana	9/26/1979 - 12/10/1994			Syracuse University (1952)	Loyola University New Orleans School of Law (1966)
John Shaw (Louisiana)	Western District of Louisiana	9/26/1979 - 11/15/1996			Washington and Lee U., B.S., 1953	Louisiana State U. Law, J.D., 1956
Earl Veron	Western District of Louisiana	8/5/1977 - 2/13/1990
David Belew	Northern District of Texas	4/26/1979 - 5/7/1990			University of Texas (1946)	University of Texas School of Law (1948)
Norman Black	Southern District of Texas	5/11/1979 - 12/6/1996	U.S. Magistrate	1976 - 1979	University of Texas, B.B.A., 1953	University of Texas School of Law, LL.B., 1955
George Cire	Southern District of Texas	5/11/1979 - 5/5/1985			St. Edward's University (1943)	University of Texas School of Law (1948)
Finis Cowan	Southern District of Texas	6/13/1977 - 6/30/1979			Rice University (1951)	University of Texas School of Law (1956)
James DeAnda	Southern District of Texas	5/11/1979 - 10/1/1992			Texas A & M University, B.A.	University of Texas School of Law, LL.B., 1950
Hugh Gibson	Southern District of Texas	10/5/1979 - 11/1/1989			Rice University (1940)	Baylor University School of Law (1948)
Gabrielle McDonald	Southern District of Texas	5/11/1979 - 8/14/1988			Howard University (1966)
Filemon Vela (Texas judge)	Southern District of Texas	6/18/1980 - 5/1/2000				St. Mary's University School of Law (1962)
Lucius Bunton	Western District of Texas	11/27/1979 - 12/1/1992			University of Texas (1947)	University of Texas School of Law (1950)
Hipolito Garcia	Western District of Texas	9/30/1980 - 1/16/2002				St. Mary's University School of Law (1951)
Clyde Shannon	Western District of Texas	6/18/1980 - 1/1/1984			Loyola University New Orleans (1965)	University of Texas School of Law (1968)
James Ellison	Northern District of Oklahoma	11/2/1979-11/7/1994			University of Oklahoma, 1951	University of Oklahoma Law, 1951
Scott Reed (Kentucky)	Eastern District of Kentucky	11/2/1979 - 8/1/1988				University of Kentucky College of Law (1945)
Thomas Ballantine	Western District of Kentucky	10/12/1977 - 11/29/1991			University of Kentucky, B.A., 1948	University of Louisville School of Law, LL.B., 1954
Patricia Boyle	Eastern District of Michigan	9/23/1978 - 4/20/1983			Wayne State University	Wayne State University (1963)
Bailey Brown	Sixth Circuit	9/26/1979 - 6/16/1982	Western District of Tennessee	8/21/1961 - 9/26/1979	University of Michigan, A.B., 1939	Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1942
Nicholas Bua	Northern District of Illinois	10/11/1977 - 11/4/1991				De Paul University College of Law (1953)
Susan Getzendanner	Northern District of Illinois	9/30/1980 - 9/30/1987			Loyola University Chicago (1966)	Loyola University Chicago School of Law (1966)
George Howard	Eastern District of Arkansas	9/30/1980 - 4/21/2007	Western District of Arkansas	1980-1990	University of Arkansas (1954)	University of Arkansas School of Law (1954)
Elsijane Roy	Eastern District of Arkansas	11/1/1977 - 1/1/1989	Western District of Arkansas	11/1/1977 - 12/1/1990		University of Arkansas School of Law (1939)
Stanley Roszkowski	Northern District of Illinois	10/11/1977-1/9/1991			University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1949	University of Illinois College of Law, 1954
Gene Brooks	Southern District of Indiana	10/5/1979 - 12/31/1996	Bankruptcy Judge	1973 - 1979	Indiana State U., B.S., 1953	Indiana U. School of Law, LL.B., 1958
Harry MacLaughlin	District of Minnesota	9/19/1977 - 10/1/1992			University of Minnesota, B.B.A., 1949	University of Minnesota Law School, LL.B., 1956
Robert Renner	District of Minnesota	2/20/1980 - 2/22/1992			Saint John's University (1947)	Georgetown University Law School (1949)
Richard Bilby	District of Arizona	9/26/1979 - 5/29/1996			University of Arizona, B.S., 1955	University of Michigan Law School, J.D., 1958
Valdemar Cordova	District of Arizona	6/21/1979 - 4/20/1984				University of Arizona College of Law (1950)
Edward Price (Eastern District of California)	Eastern District of California	12/20/1979 - 12/31/1989			University of California Berkeley (1947)	University of California Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law (1949)
Raul Ramirez	Eastern District of California	5/23/1980 - 12/31/1989			Los Angeles State College (1967)	University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law (1970)
Milton Schwartz	Eastern District of California	11/27/1979 - 1/20/1990			University of California, Berkeley (1941)	University of California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Law (1948)
Clyde Cahill	Eastern District of Missouri	5/23/1980 - 8/18/2004			Saint Louis University (1949)	Saint Louis University School of Law (1951)
William Hungate	Eastern District of Missouri	9/25/1979 - 10/1/1991			University of Missouri (1943)	Harvard Law School (1948)
Russell Clark	Western District of Missouri	7/5/1977 - 8/1/1991				University of Missouri-Columbia School of Law, LL.B., 1952
David Kenyon	Central District of California	9/29/1980 - 10/27/1995			University of California, Berkeley (1952)	University of Southern California Law School (1957)
James Carrigan	District of Colorado	9/26/1979 - 10/10/1994			University of North Dakota (1953)	University of North Dakota School of Law (1953)
Patrick Kelly	District of Kansas	5/23/1980 - 6/6/1995			Wichita U., B.A., 1951	Washburn U. Law, LL.B., 1953
Dale Saffels	District of Kansas	11/2/1979 - 11/16/1990			Emporia State University (1947)	Washburn University School of Law (1949)
Juan Burciaga	District of New Mexico	11/2/1979 - 11/9/1994			U.S. Military Academy, B.S., 1952	University of New Mexico Law, J.D., 1963
Santiago Campos	District of New Mexico	7/12/1978 - 12/26/1992				University of New Mexico Law, J.D., 1953
Thomas Brett	Northern District of Oklahoma	11/2/1979 - 10/3/1996			University of Oklahoma, B.B.A., 1952	University of Oklahoma Law, LL.B., 1957, J.D., 1971
David Winder	District of Utah	12/6/1979 - 6/8/1997	Utah district court	1977-1979	University of Utah, 1955	Stanford Law School, 1958
Elbert Haltom	Northern District of Alabama	5/30/1980 - 12/31/1991			University of Alabama School of Law (1948)
Charles Hardy (Arizona)	District of Arizona	5/23/1980 - 6/2/1990			University of Arizona (1947)	University of Arizona College of Law (1950)
George Carr	Middle District of Florida	12/16/1977 - 1/26/1990			University of Florida, B.S.B.A., 1951	University of Florida Law, LL.B., 1954
Lynn Higby	Northern District of Florida	10/5/1979 - 1/3/1983			Emory University (1960)	Emory University School of Law (1962)
Edward Davis (Florida)	Southern District of Florida	10/5/1979 - 6/30/2000				University of Florida Law, J.D. 1960
Earl Gilliam	Southern District of California	8/20/1980 - 4/2/1993			San Diego State University (1953)	University of California, Hastings College of Law (1957)
Judith Keep	Southern District of California	6/30/1980 - 9/14/2004			Scripps College, Claremont, California, B.A., 1966	University of San Diego School of Law, J.D., 1970
Robert Aguilar (California federal judge)	Northern District of California	6/18/1980 - 4/15/1996			University of California, Berkeley (1954)	University of California, Berkeley, Boalt School of Law (1958)
James Kehoe	Southern District of Florida	10/5/1979 - 10/16/1992			University of Florida (1947)	University of Florida College of Law (1950)
Eugene Spellman	Southern District of Florida	10/5/1979 - 5/4/1991			University of Florida (1953)	University of Florida College of Law (1955)
Robert Hall (Georgia)	Northern District of Georgia	11/2/1979 - 12/31/1990			University of Georgia (1941)	University of Virginia School of Law (1948)
Walter Heen	District of Hawaii	1/8/1981 - 12/16/1981			University of Hawaii (1953)	Georgetown University Law Center (1955)
Harry Claiborne	District of Nevada	8/11/1978 - 10/9/1986				Cumberland U., LL.B., 1941
Robert McNichols	Eastern District of Washington	12/10/1979 - 4/20/1991				Gonzaga U. School of Law, LL.B., 1952
Jack Tanner	Western District of Washington	5/19/1978 - 1/28/1991	United States District Court for the Easter District of Washington	1978-1978		University of Washington School of Law (1955)
Francis Murnaghan	United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit	July 13, 1979 - August 31, 2000			Johns Hopkins University, A.B., 1941	Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1948
Samuel Johnson	United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit	October 5, 1979 - May 10, 1991	Associate justice, Supreme Court of Texas	1973-1979	Baylor University, B.B.A., 1946	University of Texas School of Law, LL.B., 1949
Nathaniel Jones	United States Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit	October 5, 1979 - May 13, 1995	General counsel, NAACP	1969-1979	Youngstown State University, A.B., 1951	Youngstown State University, LL.B, 1955
Theodore McMillian	United States Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit	September 23, 1978 - July 1, 2003			Lincoln University, Missouri, B.S., 1941	Saint Louis University School of Law, LL.B., 1949
James Logan	United States Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit	December 16, 1977 - August 31, 1994			University of Kansas, A.B., 1952	Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1955
Harold Greene	United States District Court for the District of Columbia	May 19, 1978 - August 6, 1995	Chief judge, Superior Court of District of Columbia	1971-1978	George Washington University, B.A., 1949	George Washington University Law School, J.D., 1952
Norma Johnson	D.C. District Court	5/12/1980 - 6/18/2001	District of Columbia Superior Court	1970-1980	District of Columbia Teachers College 1955	Georgetown U. Law 1962
John Penn	D.C. District Court	3/23/1979 - 3/31/1998	Superior Court of the District of Columbia	1971-1979	University of Massachusetts 1954	Boston U. Law 1957
Joyce Green	D.C. District Court	May 11, 1979 - July 1, 1995			University of Maryland, 1949	George Washington University School of Law, 1951
Abner Mikva	D.C. Circuit	September 26, 1979 - September 19, 1994				University of Chicago Law School, J.D., 1951
Patricia Wald	D.C. Circuit	7/26/1979 - 11/16/1999			Connecticut College for Women 1948	Yale Law 1951
Helen Frye	District of Oregon	2/20/1980 - 12/10/1995			University of Oregon, B.A., 1953	University of Oregon Law School, J.D., 1966
Alfredo Marquez	District of Arizona	6/30/1980-7/25/1991			University of Arizona, 1948	University of Arizona College of Law, 1950
Frank M. Johnson, Jr.	Eleventh Circuit	10/1/1981 - 10/30/1991	Fifth Circuit			University of Alabama Law, LL.B., 1943
Frederick H. Weisberg	Superior Court of the District of Columbia	1977-Present	Chief of the Appellate Division, Public Defender Service	1974-1977	Cornell University, 1965	University of Michigan, 1968
Truman A. Morrison III	Superior Court of the District of Columbia	1979-1999	Head of the Trial Division, Public Defender Service	1975-1979	University of Wisconsin, 1967	University of Wisconsin Law School, 1970
Paul R. Webber, III	Superior Court of the District of Columbia	1977-1998			South Carolina State University, 1955	South Carolina State University's School of Law, 1957
Peter H. Wolf	Superior Court of the District of Columbia					Harvard Law School
Herbert L. Chabot	United States Tax Court	4/3/1978-6/30/2001			C.C.N.Y., 1951	Columbia University, 1957
Arthur L. Nims, III	United States Tax Court	6/29/1979 - 6/1/1992			Williams College, B.A., 1947	University of Georgia Law School, LL.B., 1949
Atsushi Wallace Tashima	Ninth Circuit	January 4, 1996 - June 30, 2004	Central District of California	1980 - 1986	University of California, Los Angeles, B.A., 1958	Harvard Law School, LL.M., 1961
Alcee Hastings	U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida	1979 - 1989			Fisk University & Howard University	Florida A&M University
Robinson Everett	United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces	4/16/1980 - 1990			Harvard University	Harvard Law School
Edward Samuel Smith	Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	10/1/1982 - 6/1/1989	Judge, Court of Claims	1978 - 1982	University of Virginia, 1941	University of Virginia Law, 1947
Alfred Laureta	United States District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands	1978 - 1988
Cristobal C. Duenas	United States District Court of Guam	1969-1991				University of Michigan, 1952

Historical context[edit]

Appointments by current president[edit]

See also: Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden

Since taking office, President Joe Biden (D) has nominated 252 individuals to federal judgeships on Article III courts. As of November 21, 2024, 219 of the nominees have been confirmed.^[4]

Ballotpedia publishes the federal vacancy count report tracking vacancies, nominations, and confirmations to all United States Article III federal courts each month. In the most recent report covering activity in November 2024, there were 46 Article III vacancies in the federal judiciary. To learn more about current vacancies in the federal judiciary, click here.

The following chart from the monthly federal vacancy count report for November 1, 2024, details the number of appointments made by President Biden to each type of Article III federal court since taking office. This chart is updated at the start of each month with new appointments data.

Appointments since Theodore Roosevelt[edit]

See also: Federal judicial appointments by president

The following chart shows the total judgeship appointments made by each president from 1901 to 2021.

The following chart shows the judgeship appointments by court made by each president from 1901 to 2021. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is abbreviated as USCAFC. The U.S. Court of Federal Claims, previously known as the U.S. Court of Claims, is abbreviated USCFC.

The following chart shows the average number of judicial appointments per year in office by presidents from 1901 to 2021.

The chart below shows the number of appeals court judges confirmed by the U.S. Senate through November 1 of the fourth year of each president's term in office. At this point in the term, President Trump had the most appeals court appointments with 53.

The chart below shows the number of district court judges confirmed by the U.S. Senate through November 1 of the fourth year of each president's term in office. At this point in the term, President Bill Clinton had the most district court appointments with 169.