Maryland General Assembly
From Ballotpedia - Reading time: 17 min
| Maryland General Assembly | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type: | State legislature |
| Term limits: | None |
| Session start: | January 12, 2022 |
| Website: | Official Legislature Page |
| Leadership | |
| Senate President: | William Ferguson IV (D) |
| House Speaker: | Adrienne Jones (D) |
| Majority Leader: | Senate: Nancy King (D) House: Eric Luedtke (D) |
| Minority Leader: | Senate: Bryan Simonaire (R) House: Jason Buckel (R) |
| Structure | |
| Members: | 47 (Senate), 141 (House) |
| Length of term: | 4 years (Senate), 4 years (House) |
| Authority: | Art III, Maryland Constitution |
| Salary: | $50,330/year + per diem |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 6, 2018 |
| Next election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Redistricting: | Maryland General Assembly has control |
The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of Maryland. It is a bicameral body. The upper house, the Maryland State Senate, has 47 members and the lower house, the Maryland House of Delegates, has 141 members. The General Assembly meets each year for 90 days to act on more than 2,300 bills including the State's annual budget, which it must pass before adjourning. Like the Governor of Maryland, members of both houses serve four-year terms. Each house elects its own officers, judges the qualifications and election of its own members, establishes rules for the conduct of its business, and may punish or expel its own members.
The Maryland General Assembly convenes within the State House in Annapolis.
Maryland adopted legislative maps on January 27, 2022, when the Maryland House of Delegates approved new legislative district boundaries that had been approved on January 20, 2022, by the Maryland State Senate. The vote in the state Senate was 32-14 and in the House of Delegates was 95-42, both strictly along party lines.[1][2][3][4]Since legislative maps are not subject to gubernatorial veto, the maps were therefore enacted. Click here for more information.
Maryland has a divided government where neither party holds a trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor, while the Democratic Party controls both chambers of the state legislature.
Elections[edit]
2022[edit]
Elections for the Maryland State Senate will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary is scheduled for July 19, 2022. The filing deadline was April 15, 2022.
Elections for the Maryland House of Delegates will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary is scheduled for July 19, 2022. The filing deadline was April 15, 2022.
2018[edit]
Elections for the Maryland State Senate took place in 2018. The closed primary election took place on June 26, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was February 27, 2018. The filing deadline for third party and independent candidates was August 6, 2018.[5]
Elections for the Maryland House of Delegates took place in 2018. The closed primary election took place on June 26, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was February 27, 2018. The filing deadline for third party and independent candidates was August 6, 2018[6]
2014[edit]
Elections for the Maryland State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was February 25, 2014.
Elections for the Maryland House of Delegates took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was February 25, 2014.
2010[edit]
Elections for the office of Maryland State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was July 6, 2010.
Elections for the office of Maryland House of Delegates took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was July 6, 2010.
Sessions[edit]
Article III of the Maryland Constitution establishes when the General Assembly is to be in session. Section 14 of Article III states that the General Assembly is to convene in regular session every year on the second Wednesday of January.
Section 14 also contains the procedures for convening extraordinary sessions of the General Assembly. If a majority of the members of each legislative house petition the Governor of Maryland with a request for an extraordinary session, the Governor is constitutionally required to proclaim an extraordinary session.
Article II of the Maryland Constitution also gives the Governor of Maryland the power to proclaim an extraordinary session without the request of the General Assembly.
Sessions last for 90 continuous days but can be extended for up to 30 days by vote of the legislature.[7]
2022[edit]
In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 12, 2022, and adjourn on April 11, 2022.
2021[edit]
In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 13, 2021, and adjourn on April 12, 2021.
2020[edit]
In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2020, and adjourn on March 18, 2020.
[edit]
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| Coronavirus pandemic |
| Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.
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Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The Maryland State Legislature adjourned its session early, effective March 18, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.[8]
2019[edit]
In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2019, through April 8, 2019.
2018[edit]
In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 10, 2018, through April 9, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. |
|---|
2017[edit]
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 11, 2017, through April 10, 2017. 2016[edit]
In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 13 through April 11. 2015[edit]
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 14 through April 13. Major issues in 2015[edit]Major issues in the 2015 legislative session included the state budget shortfall, expanding charter schools, marijuana decriminalization, fracking, and heroin overdoses.[9] 2014[edit]
In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 8 to April 7. Major issues in 2014[edit]Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included addressing the state's minimum wage, emergency health insurance, marijuana legalization, and tax relief.[10] 2013[edit]
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 9 to April 8. Major issues in 2013[edit]Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included an assault weapons ban, boosting the state's wind power industry, transportation funding, and repeal of the death penalty.[11] 2012[edit]
In 2012, the legislature was in session from January 11 through April 19. 2011[edit]In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 12 through April 8.[12] A special redistricting session was held from October 17 to October 20.[13][14] 2010[edit]In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 13 to April 10.[15] |
Role in state budget[edit]
- See also: Maryland state budget and finances
Maryland on 
|
The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[16]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in June of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year.
- State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor between September and October.
- Agency hearings are held from October through December.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature on the third Wednesday in January.
- The legislature typically adopts a budget by the 83rd day of the session. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.
Maryland is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[16]
The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is required to adopt a balanced budget.[16]
Redistricting[edit]
- See also: Redistricting in Maryland
In Maryland, the primary authority to adopt both congressional and state legislative district lines rests with the state legislature. The governor submits a state legislative redistricting proposal (an advisory commission appointed by the governor assists in drafting this proposal). The state legislature may pass its own plan by joint resolution, which is not subject to gubernatorial veto. If the legislature fails to approve its own plan, the governor's plan takes effect. Congressional lines are adopted solely by the legislature and may be vetoed by the governor.[17]
The Maryland Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous, compact, and "give 'due regard' for political boundaries and natural features." No such requirements apply to congressional districts.[17]
2020[edit]
Maryland adopted legislative maps on January 27, 2022, when the Maryland House of Delegates approved new legislative district boundaries that had been approved on January 20, 2022, by the Maryland State Senate. The vote in the state Senate was 32-14 and in the House of Delegates was 95-42, both strictly along party lines.[18][19][20][21]Since legislative maps are not subject to gubernatorial veto, the maps were therefore enacted.
2010[edit]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland's population grew from 5.30 million to 5.77 million between 2000 and 2010.[22] The growth rate was slightly below the national average, but was one of the fastest rates in the Northeast. Maryland retained all eight Congressional districts, but population shifts suggested that many districts would need to be redrawn.[23] Baltimore lost population relative to other areas of the state.[24]
Gov. Martin O'Malley introduced a state legislative plan on January 11, 2012. Members of the legislature produced alternative plans, but no hearings were scheduled. O'Malley's map became law in February 2012 without a vote.[25] The map-making process had been criticized for the inclusion of someone who had committed tax evasion on the Redistricting Advisory Committee, but O'Malley noted that the financial troubles of this member were not made known to him or the public until later in the process, and this individual was removed from the process after that point.[26]
The Congressional district map was challenged by petitioners, but a drive to place the matter before voters failed after many of the signatures gathered were voided in a legal decision.[27][28]
Legislators[edit]
Leadership[edit]
The Senate is led by a president and the House by a speaker whose respective duties and prerogatives enable them to influence the legislative process significantly. The president and the speaker appoint the members of most committees and name their chairs and vice-chairs, except in the case of the Joint Committee on Investigation whose members elect their own officers. The president and speaker preside over the daily sessions of their respective chambers, maintaining decorum and deciding points of order. As legislation is introduced, they assign it to a standing committee for consideration and a public hearing. In the Senate, the president pro tempore appoints majority and minority whips and leaders.[29]
Salaries[edit]
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislators | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $50,330/year | $106/day for lodging. $56/day for meals. |
Swearing in dates[edit]
Maryland legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January after the election.[30]
Senate[edit]
The Maryland State Senate is the upper house of the General Assembly, the state legislature of Maryland. It is composed of 47 senators elected from single-member districts. Maryland was required to use 2010 Census adjusted population numbers for redistricting, pursuant to the "No Representation Without Population Act" (SB 400/HB 496) signed into law in 2010. Generally, the law requires that the census data must be adjusted to reassign Maryland residents in state and federal correctional institutions to their last known address and to exclude out-of-state residents in correctional institutions for the purposes of creating congressional, state legislative, and local districting plans.
As of the 2020 Census, Maryland state senators represented an average of 131,430 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 122,841 residents.
| Party | As of June 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 32 | |
| Republican Party | 15 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 47 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
From 1990 to 2018, the Maryland State Senate was controlled by the Democratic Party. The table below shows the partisan history of the Maryland State Senate following every general election from 1990 to 2018. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Maryland State Senate Party Control: 1990-2018
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 40 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 35 | 33 | 32 |
| Republicans | 7 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 15 |
Democrats maintained control of the Maryland State Senate from 1990 to 2018. Senate Democrats held their largest majority following the 1990 elections when Democrats held a 33-seat advantage. Throughout the period, Democrats usually controlled between 32 and 40 seats, while Republicans controlled between 7 and 15 seats. During the period, Democrats also held more than the 29 seats required to override a gubernatorial veto. Democrats controlled the governor's office from 1992 to 2002 and again from 2007 to 2014. Republicans held the governor's office from 2003 to 2006 and have held it since 2015.
Despite the national trend toward Republican state legislatures during the presidency of Barack Obama (D), the Maryland State Senate was resistant to that trend. Senate Democrats lost two seats in the 2014 elections, but Democrats never fell below 33 seats during Obama's presidency. From 2009 to 2017, Democrats experienced losses in state legislative elections, totaling 968 seats all together. While Democrats have kept control of the chamber, Republicans have slowly gained seats since the 1990 elections. Between the 1990 and 2018 elections, Republicans gained eight seats. Republicans went from being at a 33-seat disadvantage after the 1990 elections to being at a 17-seat disadvantage after the 2018 elections.
House of Delegates[edit]
The Maryland House of Delegates is the lower house of the General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland, and is composed of 141 delegates elected from 47 districts. Maryland was required to use 2010 Census adjusted population figures for Maryland Redistricting, pursuant to the "No Representation Without Population Act" (SB 400\HB 496) signed into Maryland law in 2010. Generally, the law requires that the census data must be adjusted to reassign Maryland residents in state and federal correctional institutions to their last known address, and to exclude out-of-state residents in correctional institutions for the purposes of creating congressional, state legislative and local districting plans.
As of the 2020 Census, Maryland state representatives represented an average of 38,131 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 35,639 residents.
| Party | As of June 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 99 | |
| Republican Party | 42 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 141 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
From 1990 to 2018, the Maryland House of Delegates was controlled by the Democratic Party. The table below shows the partisan history of the Maryland House of Delegates following every general election from 1990 to 2018. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Maryland House of Delegates Party Control: 1990-2018
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 116 | 100 | 106 | 98 | 106 | 98 | 91 | 99 |
| Republicans | 25 | 41 | 35 | 43 | 35 | 43 | 50 | 42 |
Democrats maintained control of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1990 to 2018. House Democrats held their largest majority following the 1990 elections when Democrats held a 91-seat advantage. Throughout the period, Democrats usually controlled between 91 and 116 seats, while Republicans controlled between 25 and 50 seats. During the period, Democrats also held more than the 85 seats required to override a gubernatorial veto. Democrats controlled the governor's office from 1992 to 2002 and again from 2007 to 2014. Republicans held the governor's office from 2003 to 2006 and have held it since 2015.
Despite the national trend toward Republican state legislatures during the presidency of Barack Obama (D), the Maryland House of Delegates was resistant to that trend. House Democrats lost seven seats in the 2010 elections, but Democrats never fell below 91 seats during Obama's presidency. From 2009 to 2017, Democrats experienced losses in state legislative elections, totaling 968 seats all together. While Democrats have kept control of the chamber, Republicans have slowly gained seats since the 1990 elections. Between the 1990 and 2018 elections, Republicans gained 17 seats. Republicans went from being at a 91-seat disadvantage after the 1990 elections to being at a 57-seat disadvantage after the 2018 elections.
District maps[edit]
State Senate[edit]
The map below shows this district's current boundaries, not those enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle.
State House[edit]
The map below shows this district's current boundaries, not those enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle.
Veto overrides[edit]
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Maryland are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Three-fifths of members in both chambers.
| Three-fifths of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 85 of the 141 members in the Maryland House of Delegates and 29 of the 47 members in the Maryland State Senate. Maryland is one of seven states that requires a three-fifths vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?
| Vetoes can be overridden in a special session or when the next regular session convenes.[31] A majority of members in both chambers must agree to call for a special session.[32] |
Authority: Article II, Section 17 of the Maryland Constitution.
| "Each House may adopt by rule a veto calendar procedure that permits Bills that are to be reconsidered to be read and voted upon as a single group. The members of each House shall be afforded reasonable notice of the Bills to be placed on each veto calendar. Upon the objection of a member, any Bill shall be removed from the veto calendar. If, after such reconsideration, three-fifths of the members elected to that House pass the Bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if it passes by three-fifths of the members elected to that House it shall become a law." |
History[edit]
Partisan balance 1992-2013[edit]
Maryland State Senate: During every year from 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Maryland State Senate. The Maryland State Senate is one of 16 state Senates that were Democratic for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992 and 2013. Maryland was under a Democratic trifecta for the last seven years of the study period.
Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state Senates from 1992 to 2013.
Maryland House of Delegates: During every year from 1992 to 2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Maryland State House of Representatives. The Maryland House of Delegates is one of 18 state Houses that were Democratic for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992-2013. Maryland was under a Democratic trifecta for the last seven years of the study period.
Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican state Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Maryland, the Maryland State Senate and the Maryland House of Delegates from 1992 to 2013.
.PNG)
SQLI and partisanship[edit]
- To read the full report on the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI) in PDF form, click here.
The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Maryland state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Maryland experienced two long periods of Democratic trifectas, between 1992 and 2002 and again between 2007 and 2013. The state cracked the top-10 in the SQLI ranking in three separate years (2002, 2006, and 2008), twice under a Democratic trifecta and once under divided government. Maryland ranked lowest on the SQLI ranking in two separate years (1992 and 1995), in which the state placed 25th under a Democratic trifecta. Maryland has never had a Republican trifecta.
- SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 16.35
- SQLI average with Republican trifecta: N/A
- SQLI average with divided government: 10.75
Joint committees[edit]
- See also: Public policy in Maryland
The Maryland General Assembly has eighteen (18) standing committees.
- Administrative, Executive and Legislative Review
- Audit
- Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Critical Area
- Children, Youth, and Families
- Cybersecurity, Information Technology and Biotechnology
- Fair Practices and State Personnel Oversight
- Federal Relations
- Gaming Oversight
- Investigation
- Legislative Ethics
- Legislative Information Technology and Open Government
- Legislative Policy
- Management of Public Funds
- Port of Baltimore
- Protocol
- Spending Affordability
- Unemployment Insurance Oversight
- Workers' Compensation Benefit and Insurance
Constitutional amendments[edit]
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Maryland Constitution can be amended:
Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution defines two ways to amend the state constitution:
- Constitutional amendment can be accomplished via a legislatively referred constitutional amendment.
- To put such an amendment before voters, the proposed amendment must be approved by a 60 percent vote in each chamber of the Maryland State Legislature.
- If voters then approve the proposal, the constitution is altered according to the proposal.
- The constitution can also be amended via a constitutional convention.
- Section 2 of Article XIV says that an automatic ballot referral to ask the voters of the state whether they wish to convene a statewide constitutional convention must be placed on the statewide ballot every 20 years starting in 1970.
Article XIV allows for the possibility that some proposed constitutional amendments may apply to only one county or the city of Baltimore, which is governed independent of a county structure. In the case of amendments with localized provisions, Article XIV says that in order to become part of the constitution, the proposed amendment must be approved by a majority vote not just statewide, but also in the specific county to which it exclusively applies.
Maryland does not feature the power of initiative for either initiated constitutional amendments or initiated state statutes.
2023 measures:
- See also: 2023 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
2022 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2022 ballot by the legislature.
- See also: Maryland 2022 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
- Maryland Renaming of the Courts of Appeals and Special Appeals Amendment (2022)
- Maryland Civil Jury Trials Amendment (2022)
- Maryland Residency Requirements for State Legislators Amendment (2022)
- Maryland Marijuana Legalization Amendment (2022)
- Maryland Requiring Howard County Circuit Court Judges to Serve on Orphan Court Amendment (2022)
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
- Official Maryland General Assembly Website
- Maryland State Archives - General Assembly
- Article III of the Maryland Constitution (Legislative Department)
Footnotes[edit]
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland state lawmakers give final OK to new district maps; lawsuit likely," January 27, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Legislative Districting Plan of 2022," accessed March 15, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Senate of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "General Assembly of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
- ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "2018 Election Calendar," accessed July 6, 2018
- ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "2018 Election Calendar," accessed July 6, 2018
- ↑ Maryland State Archives, "Maryland Constitution," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ Patch, "MD Legislature To Adjourn Early, Create Coronavirus Committees," March 15, 2020
- ↑ The Washington Post, "As Md. legislative session nears, uncertainty about Hogan’s agenda," January 10, 2015
- ↑ washingtonpost.com, "10 things to watch in the 2014 Maryland General Assembly session," January 7, 2014
- ↑ Washington Post, "Maryland legislative session begins with bold predictions," January 9, 2013
- ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2011 Regular Session - Volume I," accessed February 11, 2021 (Referenced p. iv)
- ↑ Associated Press, "Md. special session anticipated in week of Oct. 17," July 6, 2011
- ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2011 Special Session," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2010 Regular Session - Volume I," accessed June 15, 2014 (Referenced p. iv)
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2015," accessed February 5, 2021
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 All About Redistricting, 'Maryland," accessed April 30, 2015
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland state lawmakers give final OK to new district maps; lawsuit likely," January 27, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Legislative Districting Plan of 2022," accessed March 15, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Senate of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "General Assembly of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "2010 Census: Maryland Profile," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland population grows by 480,000, Census says," December 21, 2010
- ↑ Baltimore Sun, "Redistricting: Mighty Baltimore to lose influence," August 11, 2011
- ↑ WBAL, "Lawmakers To Let O'Malley Redistricting Plan Take Effect Without a Vote," accessed February 23, 2012
- ↑ Baltimore Sun, "Redistricting plan questioned after O'Malley adviser's conviction," December 22, 2011
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Redistricting Map Foes Say They Have Passed First Test," May 31, 2012
- ↑ Southern Maryland Online, "Democratic Lawsuit Challenges GOP Petition Success," July 27, 2012
- ↑ Maryland State Archives, "General Assembly," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ Maryland Constitution, "Article III, Section 6," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Hogan vetoes Maryland Democrats' paid sick leave bill," May 25, 2017
- ↑ National Conferences of State Legislatures, "Special sessions," May 6, 2009
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