Scott Peters

Scott Peters (Democratic Party) is a member of the U.S. House, representing California's 52nd Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2013. His current term ends on January 3, 2023.

Peters (Democratic Party) is running for re-election to the U.S. House to represent California's 50th Congressional District. He is on the ballot in the general election on November 8, 2022. He advanced from the primary on June 7, 2022.

Peters was first elected to the seat in 2012, defeating Republican incumbent Brian Bilbray. In his 2014 bid for re-election, Peters defeated Republican Carl DeMaio by 3.2 points. That year, California's 52nd Congressional District was rated a battleground district by Ballotpedia.

In 2016, Peters defeated Republican Denise Gitsham in the general election by 13 points. California's 52nd Congressional District race was rated as safely Democratic in 2016. He won re-election in 2018, defeating Republican Omar Qudrat in the general election by 27.6 points.

He has served on the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Judiciary Committee, and the Science, Space, and Technology Committee.

Career[edit]

Below is an abbreviated outline of Peters' academic, professional, and political career:^[1]

2013-Present: U.S. Representative from California's 52nd Congressional District
2001-2008: San Diego City Council
1991-1996: Counsel, San Diego County
1984-1991, 1996-2000: Practicing lawyer
1980-1981: Economist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Committee assignments[edit]

U.S. House[edit]

2021-2022

Peters was assigned to the following committees:

2019-2020

Peters was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

Committee on Energy and Commerce

2017-2018[edit]

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Peters was assigned to the following committees:^[2]

2015-2016[edit]

Peters served on the following committees:^[3]

2013-2014[edit]

Peters served on the following committees:^[4]

Science, Space, and Technology Committee
- Subcommittee on Oversight
- Subcommittee on Technology
Armed Services
- Subcommittee on Seapower & Projection Forces
- Subcommittee on Intelligence, Emerging Threats and Capabilities

Key votes[edit]

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021[edit]

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021, at which point Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213) and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acts as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[5] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-210)

Yea

For the People Act of 2021

The For the People Act of 2021 (H.R. 1) was a federal election law and government ethics bill approved by the House of Representatives. The Congressional Research Service said the bill would "expand voter registration (e.g., automatic and same-day registration) and voting access (e.g., vote-by-mail and early voting). It [would also limit] removing voters from voter rolls. ... Further, the bill [would address] campaign finance, including by expanding the prohibition on campaign spending by foreign nationals, requiring additional disclosure of campaign-related fundraising and spending, requiring additional disclaimers regarding certain political advertising, and establishing an alternative campaign funding system for certain federal offices." The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[6] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-210)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[7]

Passed (363-70)

Yea

American Dream and Promise Act of 2021

The American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 (H.R. 6) was an immigration bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed a path to permanent residence status for unauthorized immigrants eligible for Temporary Protected Status or Deferred Enforced Departure, among other immigration-related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[8]

Passed (228-197)

Yea

Equality Act

The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity in areas including public accommodations and facilities, education, federal funding, employment, housing, credit, and the jury system, among other related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[9]

Passed (224-206)

Yea

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[10] Click here to read more.

Passed (228-206)

Yea

SAFE Banking Act of 2021

The SAFE Banking Act of 2021 (H.R. 1996) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting federal regulators from penalizing banks for providing services to legitimate cannabis-related businesses and defining proceeds from such transactions as not being proceeds from unlawful activity, among other related proposals. Since the House moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill in an expedited process, it required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[11]

Passed (321-101)

Yea

Build Back Better Act

The Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that proposed a budget framework for spending in areas such as climate change and renewable energy, childcare and universal pre-K, healthcare and Medicare hearing expansion, public housing and affordability issues, and home care. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[12] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-213)

Yea

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[13]

Passed (218-211)

Yea

COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act

The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (S. 937) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 20, 2021, that included provisions to designate an officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate expedited review of hate crimes, required the DOJ to issue guidance to law enforcement agencies aimed to establish online hate crime reporting processes and to raise awareness about hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and established state grants to create hate crime reporting hotlines, among other related provisions. Since the House moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill in an expedited process, it required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[14]

Passed (364-62)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. The article of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House.^[15] Click here to read more.

Passed (232-197)

Yea

A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.

This concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14) was a budget resolution passed by the 117th Congress outlining the fiscal year 2022 federal government budget, setting forth budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023-2031, and providing reconciliation instructions for legislation that increased the deficit. It contained a proposed framework for the Build Back Better Act. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[16] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-212)

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress[edit]

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2020[edit]

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018[edit]

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (Conference report) (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.^[17]

Voted Nay on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2 (second vote))

Bill Passed (213-211) on June 21, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance. It also proposed modifying the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, previously known as the food stamp program.^[18]

Voted Nay on: Securing America’s Future Act of 2018 (HR 4760)

Bill Failed (193-231) on June 21, 2018

Proposed funding a border wall, limiting legal immigration, a mandatory worker verification program, allowing DACA recipients to apply for legal status, and preventing separation of families at the border.^[19]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Reauthorizes through FY2023 and modifies some Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs.^[20]

Voted Nay on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (HR 36)

Bill Passed (237-189) on October 3, 2017

Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill provided exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.^[21]

Voted Nay on: Kate's Law (HR 3004)

Bill Passed (257-167) on June 29, 2017

Proposed increasing criminal penalties for individuals in the country illegally who were convicted of certain crimes, deported, and then re-entered the U.S. illegally.^[22]

Voted Nay on: No Sanctuary for Criminals Act (HR 3003)

Bill Passed (228-195) on June 29, 2017

Proposed withholding federal funds from states and localities that chose not to follow federal immigration laws.^[23]

Voted Nay on: American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Bill passed (217-213) on May 4, 2017

Proposed modifying the budgetary and fiscal provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare.^[24]

Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (361-61) on September 26, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[25]

Voted Yea on: Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (377-20) on September 13, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[26]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (359-49) on June 28, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[27]

Voted Yea on: Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (235-179) on June 8, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[28]

Voted Yea on: Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S 2155)

Bill Passed (258-159) on May 22, 2018

Proposed exempting some banks from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act^[29]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Bill Passed (256-167) on March 22, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.^[30]

Voted Nay on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (240-186) on February 9, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[31]

Voted Nay on: Further Extension Of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (245-182) on February 6, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[32]

Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (266-150) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[33]

Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (230-197) on January 18, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 16, 2018.^[34]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Bill Passed (231-188) on December 21, 2017

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[35]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-203) on December 19, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018.^[36]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes (HJ Res 123)

Bill Passed (235-193) on December 7, 2017

Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.^[37]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-205) on November 16, 2017

Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.^[38]

Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (216-212) on October 26, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027. (This bill proposed adopting the Senate's budget resolution.)^[39]

Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (219-206) on October 5, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027.^[40]

Voted Nay on: Make America Secure and Prosperous Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3354)

Bill Passed (211-198) on September 14, 2017

Proposed providing FY2018 appropriations for the federal government. It combined 12 appropriations bills.^[41]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Bill Passed (316-90) on September 8, 2017

Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.^[42]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 601)

Bill Passed (419-3) on September 6, 2017

Proposed providing $7.85 billion for disaster relief requirements, including response and recovery efforts from Hurricane Harvey.^[43]

Voted Nay on: Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (HR 10)

Bill passed (233-186) on June 8, 2017

Proposed amending the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, among other acts.^[44]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Bill passed (309-118) on May 3, 2017

Proposed a $1.2 trillion budget to fund the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.^[45]

Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (HR 5515)

Bill Passed (351-66) on May 24, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities^[46]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Bill Passed (250-166) on January 30, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for military functions administered by the Department of Defense and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018.^[47]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018—Conference report (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (356-70) on November 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing FY2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths.^[48]

Voted Nay on: Make America Secure Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3219)

Bill Passed (235-192) on July 27, 2017

Proposed making appropriations for defense, military construction, Veterans Affairs, the Legislative Branch, energy and water development, and for other purposes for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2018.^[49]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (419-3) on July 25, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and measures to counter aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[50]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180, second vote)

Bill Passed (380-35) on July 28, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[51]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180)

Bill Failed (241-163) on July 24, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[52]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (344-81) on July 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing fiscal year 2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It did not provide budget authority.^[53]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 1301)

Bill passed (371-48) on March 8, 2017

The $577.9 billion fiscal year 2017 defense spending bill proposed $516.1 billion in base budget funding and $61.8 billion for Overseas Contingency Operations/ Global War on Terrorism funding.^[54]

114th Congress[edit]

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[55]^[56] For more information pertaining to Peters's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.^[57]

Economic and fiscal[edit]

Trade Act of 2015[edit]

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

Trade adjustment assistance
On June 12, 2015, the House rejected the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015—by a vote of 126-302. Trade adjustment assistance (TAA) is a federal program providing American workers displaced by foreign trade agreements with job training and services. The measure was packaged with trade promotion authority (TPA), also known as fast-track authority. TPA is a legislative procedure that allows Congress to define "U.S. negotiating objectives and spells out a detailed oversight and consultation process for during trade negotiations. Under TPA, Congress retains the authority to review and decide whether any proposed U.S. trade agreement will be implemented," according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Peters was one of 40 Democrats to vote in favor of TAA.^[58]^[59]
Trade promotion authority
On June 12, 2015, the House passed the trade promotion authority (TPA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015 —by a vote of 219-211. TPA gives the president fast-track authority to negotiate trade agreements sent to Congress without the opportunity for amendment or filibuster. Although the House approved TPA, it was a largely symbolic vote given the measure was part of a package trade bill including trade adjustment assistance (TAA), which was rejected earlier the same day. Peters was one of 28 Democrats to support the measure.^[60]^[61]
Trade promotion authority second vote
After the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) and trade promotion authority (TPA) did not pass the House together on June 12, 2015, representatives voted to authorize TPA alone as an amendment to HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—on June 18, 2015. The amendment passed by a vote of 218-208, with all voting members of the House maintaining his or her original position on TPA except for Ted Yoho (R-Fla.). Peters was one of 28 Democrats to vote in favor of the amendment.^[62]^[63]
Trade adjustment assistance second vote
The House passed HR 1295—the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015—on June 25, 2015, by a vote of 286-138. The Senate packaged trade adjustment assistance (TAA) in this bill after the House rejected the TAA measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015. Along with trade promotion authority (TPA), which Congress passed as part of HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—TAA became law on June 29, 2015. Peters was one of 175 Democrats to vote in favor of HR 1295.^[64]^[65]

Defense spending authorization[edit]

On May 15, 2015, the House passed HR 1735—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 269-151. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Peters voted with 40 Democrats and 228 Republicans to approve the bill.^[66] The Senate passed the bill on June 18, 2015, by a vote of 71-25. President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.^[67]

On November 5, 2015, the House passed S 1356—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 370-58. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included $5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.^[68]^[69] Peters voted with 134 other Democrats and 235 Republicans to approve the bill.^[70] On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 91-3, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.^[71]

2016 Budget proposal[edit]

On April 30, 2015, the House voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 226-197. The non-binding resolution was designed to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. All 183 Democrats who voted, including Peters, voted against the resolution.^[72]^[73]^[74]

2015 budget[edit]

On October 28, 2015, the House passed HR 1314—the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015—by a vote of 266-167. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.^[75] Peters voted with 186 Democrats and 79 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[76] It passed the Senate on October 30, 2015.^[77] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs[edit]

Iran nuclear deal[edit]

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 14, 2015, the House approved HR 1191—the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 400-25. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove, or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. Peters voted with 176 Democrats to approve the bill.^[78]^[79]

Approval of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
On September 11, 2015, the House rejected HR 3461—To approve the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, signed at Vienna on July 14, 2015, relating to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 162-269. The legislation proposed approving the nuclear agreement with Iran. Peters voted with 161 Democrats for the bill.^[80]^[81]

Suspension of Iran sanctions relief
On September 11, 2015, the House approved HR 3460—To suspend until January 21, 2017, the authority of the President to waive, suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 247-186. HR 3460 prohibited "the President, prior to January 21, 2017, from: limiting the application of specified sanctions on Iran or refraining from applying any such sanctions; or removing a foreign person (including entities) listed in Attachments 3 or 4 to Annex II of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) from the list of designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the Department of the Treasury." Peters voted with 185 Democrats against the bill.^[82]^[83]

Presidential non-compliance of section 2
On September 10, 2015, the House passed H Res 411—Finding that the President has not complied with section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 245-186. Section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 required the president to submit all materials related to the nuclear agreement for congressional review. House Republicans introduced the resolution because two agreements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and Iran were not submitted to Congress. Peters voted with 185 Democrats against the resolution.^[84]^[85]

Export-Import Bank[edit]

On October 27, 2015, the House passed HR 597—the Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015—by a vote of 313-118. The bill proposed reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank and allowing it to resume offering assistance in the form of loans and insurance to foreign companies that wanted to buy U.S. goods.^[86] Peters voted with 185 Democrats and 127 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[87]

Domestic[edit]

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015[edit]

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 2048—the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015—by a vote of 338-88. The legislation revised HR 3199—the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005—by ending the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Peters voted with 141 Democrats and 196 Republicans to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.^[88]^[89]

Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act[edit]

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 36—the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act—by a vote of 242-184. The bill proposed prohibiting abortions from being performed after a fetus was determined to be 20 weeks or older. The bill proposed exceptions in cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother. Peters voted with 179 Democrats against the bill.^[90]^[91]

Cyber security[edit]

On April 23, 2015, the House passed HR 1731—the National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015—by a vote of 355-63. The bill proposed creating an information sharing program that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. It also proposed including liability protections for companies.^[92] Peters voted with 134 Democrats and 220 Republicans to approve the bill.^[93]

On April 22, 2015, the House passed HR 1560—the Protecting Cyber Networks Act—by a vote of 307-116.^[94] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Peters voted with 104 Democrats and 202 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[95]

Immigration[edit]

On November 19, 2015, the House passed HR 4038—the American SAFE Act of 2015—by a vote of 289-137.^[96] The bill proposed instituting additional screening processes for refugees from Iraq and Syria who applied for admission to the U.S. Peters voted with 46 Democrats and 242 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[97]

113th Congress[edit]

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[98] For more information pertaining to Peters's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[99]

National security[edit]

NDAA[edit]

Peters voted for HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote.^[100]

DHS Appropriations[edit]

Peters voted for HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 that was largely along party lines.^[101]

CISPA (2013)[edit]

Peters voted for HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities. The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party.^[102]

Economy[edit]

Farm bill[edit]

On January 29, 2014, the U.S. House approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, known as the Farm Bill.^[103] The bill passed by a vote of 251-166. The nearly 1,000-page bill provides for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop.^[104]^[105] However, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.^[105] Peters voted with 102 other Democratic representatives against the bill.

2014 Budget[edit]

On January 15, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.^[106]^[107] The House voted 359-67 for the 1,582 page bill, with 64 Republicans and three Democrats voting against the bill.^[107] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.^[108] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and the protection of the Affordable Care Act from any drastic cuts. Peters joined with the majority of the Democratic party and voted in favor of the bill.^[106]^[107]

Government shutdown[edit]

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.^[109] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.^[110] Peters voted against the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.^[111]

The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[112] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Peters voted for HR 2775.^[113]

Federal Pay Adjustment Elimination[edit]

Peters voted for HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees. The bill passed the House on February 15, 2013, with a vote of 261 - 154. The bill called for stopping a 0.5 percent pay increase for all federal workers from taking effect. The raises were projected to cost $11 billion over 10 years. Peters was 1 of 44 Democrats who supported the bill, while 144 voted against it.^[114]

Immigration[edit]

Morton Memos Prohibition[edit]

Peters voted against House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status.^[115] The vote largely followed party lines.^[116]

Healthcare[edit]

Healthcare Reform Rules[edit]

Peters voted against House Amendment 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The amendment was adopted by the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 227-185. The amendment requires that all changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be approved by Congress before taking effect. The vote was largely along party lines.^[117]

Social issues[edit]

Abortion[edit]

Peters voted against HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. The resolution passed the House on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 228 - 196 that largely followed party lines. The purpose of the bill was to ban abortions that would take place 20 or more weeks after fertilization.^[118]

Issues[edit]

Veterans bill[edit]

Peters took to the House floor on July 23, 2014, to push for action by the House on the "Veterans Access to Care through Choice, Accountability, and Transparency Act of 2014." The bill passed the Senate 93-3 and provided a comprehensive response to failures of the Department of Veterans Affairs. It increasde access to care and accountability of staff at VA facilities. Peters said, "San Diegans want to see action and they want it now. They are rightly dumbfounded that Congress continues to play partisan games, instead of passing the Senate's comprehensive solution -and beginning to provide some relief for our nation's heroes. It is no secret that the Department of Veterans Affairs has failed our veterans, and it is time to start fixing the problems."^[119]

Elections[edit]

2022[edit]

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 50

Incumbent Scott Peters and Corey Gustafson are running in the general election for U.S. House California District 50 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate
		Scott Peters (D)
		Corey Gustafson (R)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 50

Incumbent Scott Peters and Corey Gustafson defeated Kylie Taitano, David Chiddick, and Adam Schindler in the primary for U.S. House California District 50 on June 7, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Scott Peters (D)	53.5	56,169
✔	Corey Gustafson (R)	30.5	32,042
	Kylie Taitano (D)	8.0	8,359
	David Chiddick (R)	5.3	5,528
	Adam Schindler (Independent)	2.8	2,985

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. Source	Total votes: 105,083
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

2020[edit]

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 52

Incumbent Scott Peters defeated Jim DeBello in the general election for U.S. House California District 52 on November 3, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Scott Peters (D)	61.6	244,145
	Jim DeBello (R)	38.4	152,350

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 396,495
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 52

Incumbent Scott Peters and Jim DeBello defeated Nancy Casady and Ryan Cunningham in the primary for U.S. House California District 52 on March 3, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Scott Peters (D)	49.1	111,897
✔	Jim DeBello (R)	32.4	73,779
	Nancy Casady (D)	16.0	36,422
	Ryan Cunningham (Independent)	2.5	5,701

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 227,799
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Jerlilia Ryans (D)
Famela Ramos (R)

2018[edit]

See also: California's 52nd Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 52

Incumbent Scott Peters defeated Omar Qudrat in the general election for U.S. House California District 52 on November 6, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Scott Peters (D)	63.8	188,992
	Omar Qudrat (R)	36.2	107,015

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 296,007
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 52

The following candidates ran in the primary for U.S. House California District 52 on June 5, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Scott Peters (D)	59.0	98,744
✔	Omar Qudrat (R)	15.3	25,530
	James Veltmeyer (R)	11.4	19,040
	Danny Casara (R)	4.6	7,680
	Michael Allman (R)	3.9	6,561
	John Horst (R)	3.4	5,654
	Jeff Cullen (R)	2.4	4,027

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 167,236
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Alexander Miller (D)
Freeman Michaels (Independent)

2016[edit]

See also: California's 52nd Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Scott Peters (D) defeated Denise Gitsham (R) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Peters and Gitsham defeated Terry Reagan Allvord (R), Jacquie Atkinson (R), Kenneth Canada (R), and John Horst (R) in the top-two primary on June 7, 2016. ^[120]^[121]

U.S. House, California District 52 General Election, 2016
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Scott Peters Incumbent	56.5%	181,253
	Republican	Denise Gitsham	43.5%	139,403
Total Votes				320,656
Source: California Secretary of State

U.S. House, California District 52 Primary, 2016
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Scott Peters Incumbent	58.9%	108,020
	Republican	Denise Gitsham	16.2%	29,658
	Republican	Jacquie Atkinson	13%	23,927
	Republican	Kenneth Canada	4.5%	8,268
	Republican	Terry Allvord	4.5%	8,194
	Republican	John Horst	3%	5,435
Total Votes				183,502
Source: California Secretary of State

Peters was one of the initial 14 members of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline Program. The program was designed to help protect vulnerable Democratic incumbents heading into the 2016 election.^[122]

2014[edit]

See also: California's 52nd Congressional District elections, 2014

Incumbent Scott Peters won re-election to California's 52nd Congressional District in 2014. The race was a battleground district in 2014 due to the low margin of victory for Democrats in the last election and last two presidential elections. Incumbent Scott Peters (D) and Carl DeMaio triumphed in the blanket primary over Kirk Jorgensen (R) and Fred Simon (R). The general election race between Peters and DeMaio remained too close to call for several days after the election. The Associated Press called the race for Peters late on November 7, 2014, but DeMaio did not concede the race until November 9, 2014, due to the fact that there were still between 10,000 to 15,000 ballots left to be counted.^[123]^[124]

Peters was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline Program. The program was designed to help protect vulnerable Democratic incumbents during the 2014 election cycle.^[125]

U.S. House, California District 52 General Election, 2014
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Scott Peters Incumbent	51.6%	98,826
	Republican	Carl DeMaio	48.4%	92,746
Total Votes				191,572
Source: California Secretary of State

U.S. House, California District 52 Primary, 2014
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Scott Peters Incumbent	42.3%	53,926
	Republican	Carl DeMaio	35.3%	44,954
	Republican	Kirk Jorgensen	18.5%	23,588
	Republican	Fred Simon	4%	5,040
Total Votes				127,508
Source: California Secretary of State

2012[edit]

See also: California's 52nd Congressional District elections, 2012

Peters ran in the 2012 election for the U.S. House to represent California's 52nd District. He and district 50 incumbent Brian Bilbray (R) advanced past the blanket primary on June 5, 2012, defeating Shirley Decourt-Park (D), Lori Saldana (D), Gene Hamilton Carswell (R), Wayne Iverson (R), John Stahl (R), John Subka (R), Jack Doyle (Ind) and Ehab Shehata (Ind). Peters defeated Bilbray in the general election on November 6, 2012.^[126]^[127]

U.S. House, California District 52 General Election, 2012
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Scott Peters	51.2%	151,451
	Republican	Brian Bilbray Incumbent	48.8%	144,459
Total Votes				295,910
Source: California Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

U.S. House, California District 52 Open Primary, 2012
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Brian Bilbray (R) Incumbent	43.1%	61,930
Scott Peters (D)	23.7%	34,106
Lori Saldana (D)	23.2%	33,387
John Stahl (R)	3.8%	5,502
Wayne Iverson (R)	3.1%	4,476
Shirley Decourt-Park (D)	1.6%	2,368
John Subka (R)	0.8%	1,091
Gene Hamilton Carswell (R)	0.6%	828
Total Votes		143,688

Endorsements[edit]

Peters was endorsed by former primary opponent Lori Saldana. He stated the following regarding her endorsement: "I thank Ms. Saldaña for the endorsement and well wishes she issued on Friday. Her support is very much appreciated and needed as we take on the bigger fight ahead against entrenched incumbent Brian Bilbray."^[128]

Campaign themes[edit]

2022[edit]

Ballotpedia survey responses

Scott Peters has not yet completed Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey. Ballotpedia is seeking 100 percent participation so voters can learn more about all the candidates on their ballots.

Who fills out Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey?

694 candidates completed the survey in 2021. This number represented 13.5% of all 5,138 candidates Ballotpedia covered in 2021. Out of the 694 candidates who completed Ballotpedia's candidate survey, 147 won their election. Candidates from 36 states completed the survey. Noteworthy respondents included Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin and Boston Mayor Michelle Wu. Read the 2021 report for more information about that year's respondents.

4,745 candidates completed the survey in 2020. This number represented 16.4% of all 29,002 candidates Ballotpedia covered in 2020. Out of the 4,745 respondents, 743 won their election. Candidates from all 50 states completed the survey. Noteworthy respondents included U.S. Senator Jon Ossoff, U.S. Representative Kat Cammack, and U.S. presidential candidate Jo Jorgensen. Read the 2020 report for more information about that year's respondents.

You can ask Scott Peters to fill out this survey by using the buttons below or emailing getinvolved@scottpeters.com.

2020[edit]

Scott Peters did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

2014[edit]

Peters' campaign website listed the following issues:^[129]

“

Jobs and the Economy: "America faces challenging new realities in a changing world. The economy is faster, smarter, more competitive and more global. And our federal budget is upside down because our Congressional representatives are more focused on holding onto problems for political gain than solving them."

Healthcare: "Healthcare in America needs to be accessible and affordable for everybody. When the Supreme Court affirmed the President's health care insurance reform initiative (the Affordable Care Act) in June 2012, it reminded us that the powerful health services industry does not control the administration of health care."

Medicare and Social Security: "Social Security and Medicare are compacts between the generations that we must not break. Men and women who have spent a lifetime of hard work, providing for their families and saving for their retirement, deserve the security of knowing their retirement and benefits, which they have worked hard to earn, will be there for them."

Veterans: "Veterans are such a vital part of our community, and San Diego has the largest concentration of veterans in the nation, approximately 28,000. When these Americans volunteered to serve our country, we made a commitment to provide them with certain programs and benefits in exchange for their service."

Energy Policy: "As a nation, we must work toward a long-term energy policy that: 1) creates new American jobs; 2) emphasizes greater energy independence; 3) invests in the development of alternative fuels; 4) promotes clean energy technology like wind and solar; 5) ensures greater national security; and 6) provides automakers with incentives for producing fuel-efficient vehicles."

^[130]

”

—Scott Peters' campaign website, http://www.scottpeters.com/issues-2

Presidential preference[edit]

2020[edit]

See also: Presidential election in California, 2020 and Democratic National Convention, 2020

Peters endorsed Joe Biden (D) in the 2020 presidential election.^[131]

2016[edit]

See also: Presidential election in California, 2016 and Democratic National Convention, 2016

Peters endorsed Hillary Clinton (D) in the 2016 presidential election.^[132]

Campaign donors[edit]

Comprehensive donor history[edit]

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Scott Peters campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Result	Contributions
2018	U.S. House California District 52	✔	$2,637,378
2016	U.S. House, California District 52	✔	$3,484,566
2014	U.S. House (California, District 52)	✔	$4,544,000
Grand total raised			$10,665,944
Source: Follow the Money

2018

U.S. House California District 52 2018 election - Campaign Contributions
Top industry contributors to Scott Peters's campaign in 2018
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate	$336,109.00
Health	$323,158.00
General Business	$196,865.76
Communications & Electronics	$181,354.00
Lawyers & Lobbyists	$116,064.52
Total Raised in 2018	$2,637,377.67
Source: Follow the Money

2020

U.S. House California District 52 2020 election - Campaign Contributions
Top individual contributors to Scott Peters's campaign in 2020
Unitemized	$137,431.00
Self Funding	$20,555.00
Cox Enterprises	$10,000.00
Home Depot	$10,000.00
Caterpillar Inc	$10,000.00
Comcast Corp	$10,000.00
Leidos Inc	$10,000.00
Ernst & Young	$10,000.00
Cubic Corp	$10,000.00
General Atomics	$10,000.00
Total Raised in 2020	$1,880,092.91
Total Spent	$2,160,221.77
Source: Follow the Money

2018

U.S. House California District 52 2018 election - Campaign Contributions
Top individual contributors to Scott Peters's campaign in 2018
RUDOLPH, PHILLIP H	$8,100.00
FOX, DAVID	$5,400.00
KATZ, MEL I	$5,400.00
MEINZER JR, ROBERT P	$5,400.00
MCINTEE, STEPHEN D	$5,400.00
Total Raised in 2018	$2,637,377.67
Source: Follow the Money

2016[edit]

Peters won re-election to the U.S. House in 2016. During that election cycle, Peters' campaign committee raised a total of $3,484,566 and spent $2,462,837.^[133] This is more than the average $1.46 million spent by U.S. House winners in 2016.^[134]

Cost per vote[edit]

Peters spent $13.59 per general election vote received in 2016.

U.S. House, California District 52, 2016 - Scott Peters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$3,484,566
Total Spent	$2,462,837
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$1,388,418
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$1,360,382
Top contributors to Scott Peters's campaign committee
JStreetPAC	$34,600
New Democrat Coalition	$30,301
University of California	$25,693
Sempra Energy	$21,150
Robbins, Geller et al	$19,400
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Democratic/Liberal	$216,886
Leadership PACs	$188,938
Pharmaceuticals/Health Products	$184,850
Lawyers/Law Firms	$166,660
Retired	$154,725
Source: Open Secrets

2014[edit]

Peters won re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. During that election cycle, Peters' campaign committee raised a total of $4,544,000 and spent $4,504,002.^[135] This is more than the average $1.45 million spent by House winners in 2014.^[136]

Cost per vote[edit]

Peters spent $45.58 per general election vote received in 2014.

U.S. House, California District 52, 2014 - Scott Peters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$4,544,000
Total Spent	$4,504,002
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$3,408,768
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$3,349,676
Top contributors to Scott Peters's campaign committee
JStreetPAC	$46,101
Qualcomm Inc	$45,850
University of California	$32,410
Democratic Congressional Campaign Cmte	$30,600
Robbins, Geller et al	$28,950
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Leadership PACs	$257,169
Retired	$246,815
Lawyers/Law Firms	$226,075
Real Estate	$174,050
Candidate Committees	$126,600

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.
Breakdown of the source of Peters' campaign funds before the 2014 election.

Below are Peters' FEC reports.^[137]

Scott Peters (2014) Campaign Finance Reports
Report	Date Filed	Beginning Balance	Total Contributions for Reporting Period	Expenditures	Cash on Hand
April Quarterly^[138]	April 15, 2013	$28,701.00	$258,290.29	$(67,131.54)	$219,859.75
July Quarterly^[139]	July 15, 2013	$219,859.75	$362,772.90	$(56,742.08)	$525,890.57
October Quarterly^[140]	October 14, 2013	$525,890.57	$346,377.97	$(66,501.67)	$805,766.87
Year-End^[141]	January 31, 2014	$805,766	$413,032	$(71,662)	$1,147,137
April Quarterly^[142]	April 15, 2014	$1,147,137	$461,309	$(118,795)	$1,489,652
Pre-Primary^[143]	May 22, 2014	$1,489,652	$152,806	$(118,529)	$1,523,928
July Quarterly^[144]	July 15, 2014	$1,523,928	$554,398	$(145,841)	$1,932,486
October Quarterly^[145]	October 15, 2014	$1,932,486	$914,092	$(2,038,485)	$808,093
Pre-General^[146]	October 23, 2014	$808,093	$192,884	$(316,982)	$683,995
			Running totals
			$3,655,962.16	$(3,000,669.29)

2012[edit]

Peters won election to the U.S. House in 2012. During that election cycle, Peters' campaign committee raised a total of $4,381,438 and spent $4,352,737.^[147] This is more than the average $1.5 million spent by House winners in 2012.^[148]

Cost per vote[edit]

Peters spent $28.74 per vote received in 2012.

U.S. House, California District 52, 2012 - Scott Peters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$4,381,438
Total Spent	$4,352,737
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$2,659,541
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$2,772,270
Top contributors to Scott Peters's campaign committee
Robbins, Geller et al	$32,250
University of California	$23,400
Qualcomm Inc	$15,750
Finkelstein & Krinsk	$12,000
Cooley Godward Kronish LLP	$11,500
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Retired	$170,325
Lawyers/Law Firms	$167,900
Misc Finance	$58,970
Real Estate	$58,100
Leadership PACs	$58,000

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.
Breakdown of the source of Peters' campaign funds before the 2012 election.

Personal Gain Index[edit]

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth[edit]

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Peters' net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $27,518,090 and $197,415,991. That averages to $112,467,040, which is higher than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Peters ranked as the 5th most wealthy representative in 2012.^[149] Between 2011 and 2012, Peters' calculated net worth^[150] increased by an average of 22 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.^[151]

Scott Peters Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2011	$92,218,778
2012	$112,467,040
Growth from 2011 to 2012:	22%
Average annual growth:	22%^[152]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.^[153]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric[edit]

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Peters received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Lawyers/Law Firms industry.

From 2011-2014, 17.5 percent of Peters' career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.^[154]

Scott Peters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$6,936,418
Total Spent	$5,003,932
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms	$341,825
Retired	$333,100
Leadership PACs	$240,275
Real Estate	$182,200
Misc Finance	$116,750
% total in top industry	4.93%
% total in top two industries	9.73%
% total in top five industries	17.5%

Analysis[edit]

Ideology and leadership[edit]

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Peters was a centrist Democrat as of July 2014. This was the same rating Peters received in June 2013.^[155]

Like-minded colleagues[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.^[156]

Peters most often votes with:

Peters least often votes with:

Lifetime voting record[edit]

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Peters missed 27 of 1,709 roll call votes from January 2013 to September 2015. This amounted to 1.6 percent, which was lower than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.^[157]

National Journal vote ratings[edit]

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013[edit]

Peters ranked 179th in the liberal rankings in 2013.^[158]

Voting with party[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014[edit]

Peters voted with the Democratic Party 83.5 percent of the time, which ranked 180th among the 204 House Democratic members as of July 2014.^[159]

2013[edit]

Peters voted with the Democratic Party 87.1 percent of the time, which ranked 191st among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.^[160]

Personal[edit]

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.

Email editor@ballotpedia.org to notify us of updates to this biography.

Peters and his wife, Lynn, have two children.^[161]

External links[edit]

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

U.S. House California District 50

Officeholder

U.S. House California District 52

Personal

Footnotes[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by -	U.S. House California District 52 2013-Present	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	San Diego City Council 2001-2008	Succeeded by -

[show]

California's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Dianne Feinstein (D)

Alex Padilla (D)

Representatives

District 1

Doug LaMalfa (R)

District 2

Jared Huffman (D)

District 3

John Garamendi (D)

District 4

Tom McClintock (R)

District 5

Mike Thompson (D)

District 6

Doris Matsui (D)

District 7

Ami Bera (D)

District 8

Jay Obernolte (R)

District 9

Jerry McNerney (D)

District 10

Josh Harder (D)

District 11

Mark DeSaulnier (D)

District 12

Nancy Pelosi (D)

District 13

Barbara Lee (D)

District 14

Jackie Speier (D)

District 15

Eric Swalwell (D)

District 16

Jim Costa (D)

District 17

Ro Khanna (D)

District 18

Anna Eshoo (D)

District 19

Zoe Lofgren (D)

District 20

Jimmy Panetta (D)

District 21

David Valadao (R)

District 22

Connie Conway (R)

District 23

Kevin McCarthy (R)

District 24

Salud Carbajal (D)

District 25

Mike Garcia (R)

District 26

Julia Brownley (D)

District 27

Judy Chu (D)

District 28

Adam Schiff (D)

District 29

Tony Cárdenas (D)

District 30

Brad Sherman (D)

District 31

Pete Aguilar (D)

District 32

Grace Napolitano (D)

District 33

Ted Lieu (D)

District 34

Jimmy Gomez (D)

District 35

Norma Torres (D)

District 36

Raul Ruiz (D)

District 37

Karen Bass (D)

District 38

Linda Sánchez (D)

District 39

Young Kim (R)

District 40

Lucille Roybal-Allard (D)

District 41

Mark Takano (D)

District 42

Ken Calvert (R)

District 43

Maxine Waters (D)

District 44

Nanette Barragán (D)

District 45

Katie Porter (D)

District 46

Lou Correa (D)

District 47

Alan Lowenthal (D)

District 48

Michelle Steel (R)

District 49

Mike Levin (D)

District 50

Darrell Issa (R)

District 51

Juan Vargas (D)

District 52

Scott Peters (D)

District 53

Sara Jacobs (D)

Democratic Party (44)

Republican Party (11)

[nj-1] National Journal, "California, 52nd House District," November 7, 2012

[2] U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017

[3] U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 18, 2015

[4] CQ.com - Roll Call, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed January 18, 2013

[5] Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[6] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[7] Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022

[8] Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[9] Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[10] Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[11] Congress.gov, "H.R.1996 - SAFE Banking Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[12] Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Build Back Better Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[13] Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[14] Congress.gov, "S.937 - COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[15] Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022

[16] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022

[17] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018

[18] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018

[19] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018

[20] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019

[21] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017

[22] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017

[23] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017

[24] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017

[25] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018

[26] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018

[27] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018

[28] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018

[29] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018

[30] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018

[31] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018

[32] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018

[33] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018

[34] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018

[35] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017

[36] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017

[37] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017

[38] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017

[39] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017

[40] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017

[41] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017

[42] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017

[43] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017

[44] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017

[45] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017

[46] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018

[47] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018

[48] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017

[49] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017

[50] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017

[51] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017

[52] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017

[53] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017

[54] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017

[55] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015

[56] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017

[57] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015

[58] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015

[59] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[60] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015

[61] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[62] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015

[63] Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015

[64] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015

[65] The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015

[66] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015

[67] Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015

[68] The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015

[69] Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015

[70] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015

[71] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015

[72] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015

[73] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015

[74] The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015

[75] Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015

[76] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015

[77] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015

[78] Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015

[79] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015

[80] Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015

[81] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015

[82] Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015

[83] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015

[84] Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015

[rc492-85] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015

[86] Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015

[87] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015

[88] Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015

[89] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015

[90] Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015

[91] Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015

[92] Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015

[93] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015

[94] Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015

[95] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015

[96] Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015

[97] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015

[98] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013

[99] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014

[100] Project Vote Smart, "HR 1960 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013

[101] Project Vote Smart, "HR 2217 - DHS Appropriations Act of 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013

[102] Project Vote Smart, "HR 624 - CISPA (2013) - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013

[103] Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014

[104] Politico, "House clears Farm Bill," accessed February 12, 2014

[farm-105] 105.0 ^105.1 New York Times, "Senate passes long-stalled Farm Bill, with clear winners and losers," accessed February 12, 2014

[cnnhousevote-106] 106.0 ^106.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014

[vote-107] 107.0 ^107.1 ^107.2 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014

[108] Roll Call, "Omnibus Sails Through the Senate," January 16, 2014

[109] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[110] Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013

[111] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[112] The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013

[113] U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013

[114] Project Vote Smart, "HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013

[115] The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed September 16, 2013

[116] Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013

[117] Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013

[118] Project Vote Smart, "HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013

[119] Coronado Patch, "Rep. Peters Urges Passage of Veterans' Bill in Congress," July 24, 2014

[list-120] California Secretary of State, "Certified List of Candidates for Voter-Nominated Offices June 7, 2016, Presidential Primary Election," accessed April 4, 2016

[primary16-121] The New York Times, "California Primary Results," June 7, 2016

[122] Roll Call, "Exclusive: DCCC Announces 14 Incumbents in Frontline Program," February 12, 2015

[123] UT San Diego, "Peters on the verge of victory," November 7, 2014

[124] Politico, "Rep. Scott Peters beats Carl DeMaio for San Diego seat," November 7. 2014

[frontline-125] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named frontline

[126] California Secretary of State, "Official primary candidate list," accessed March 13, 2014

[127] California Secretary of State, "Unofficial election results," November 6, 2012 (dead link)

[128] Campaign website, "Statement from Scott Peters Regarding Lori Saldaña’s Endorsement," accessed October 1, 2012

[129] Campaign website, "Issues," accessed April 28, 2014

[quotedisclaimer-130] Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[131] Joe Biden , "Endorsements," accessed June 21, 2020

[132] Scott Peters Facebook page, "Hillary Clinton has been a consistent champion for women and for working families," August 5, 2015

[133] Open Secrets, "Career Fundraising for Scott Peters," accessed May 9, 2017

[134] Open Secrets, "Winning vs. Spending," accessed March 22, 2016

[135] Open Secrets, "Scott Peters 2014 Election Cycle," accessed February 24, 2015

[136] Open Secrets, "Winning vs. Spending," accessed February 23, 2015

[137] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters Summary Report," accessed July 23, 2013

[138] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters April Quarterly," accessed July 23, 2013

[139] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters July Quarterly," accessed July 23, 2013

[140] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters October Quarterly," accessed October 21, 2013

[141] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters Year-End," accessed February 4, 2014

[142] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters April Quarterly," accessed April 21, 2014

[143] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters Pre-Primary," accessed June 3, 2014

[144] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters July Quarterly," accessed July 23, 2014

[145] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters October Quarterly," accessed October 20, 2014

[146] Federal Election Commission, "Scott Peters Pre-General," accessed November 24, 2014

[147] Open Secrets, "Scott Peters 2012 Election Cycle," accessed February 20, 2013

[148] Open Secrets, "Election 2012: The Big Picture Shows Record Cost of Winning a Seat in Congress," accessed June 19, 2013

[149] OpenSecrets, "Scott Peters (D-Calif), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014

[150] This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).

[151] This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.

[152] This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.

[153] This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.

[154] OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Scott Peters," accessed September 22, 2014

[155] GovTrack, "Scott Peters," accessed July 21, 2014

[156] OpenCongress, "Scott Peters," archived February 25, 2016

[157] GovTrack, "Rep. Scott Peters (D)," accessed September 23, 2015

[158] National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed July 18, 2014

[159] OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

[160] OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

[161] Project Vote Smart, "Biography," accessed August 1, 2011

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