Tax policy in South Dakota

in South Dakota

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Tax policy in South Dakota

Tax rates in 2017

Personal income tax: None

State sales tax: 4.50%

Corporate income tax: None

Tax revenues in 2016

Total tax collections: $1.75 billion

Tax collections per capita: $2,019

Total state expenditures • State debt • South Dakota state budget and finances

South Dakota generates the bulk of its tax revenue by levying a general sales tax and select sales taxes (otherwise known as excise taxes). The state derives its constitutional authority to tax from Article XI of the state constitution.^[1][2]

Tax policy can vary from state to state. States levy taxes to help fund the variety of services provided by state governments. Tax collections comprise approximately 40 percent of the states' total revenues. The rest comes from non-tax sources, such as intergovernmental aid (e.g., federal funds), lottery revenues and fees. The primary types of taxes levied by state governments include personal income tax, general sales tax, excise (or special sales) taxes and corporate income tax.^[3]

Tax rates[edit]

Personal income tax[edit]

See also: Personal income tax

South Dakota did not utilize a personal income tax in 2017.^[4]

The table below summarizes personal income tax rates for South Dakota and neighboring states in 2017.^[4]

Personal exemptions[edit]

States that collect a personal income tax allow individuals to claim personal exemptions on income taxes each year. The personal exemption indicates that only a person's income above a certain level is subject to taxation. ^[5]

Exemptions work by reducing the amount of an individual's taxable income. Both state and federal taxes allow exemptions. The state exemptions for South Dakota and its neighboring states as reported by the Tax Policy Center are reported in the chart below.^[6]

Capital gains tax[edit]

See also: Capital gains tax

A capital gains tax is a tax levied on the profit gleaned from the sale of a capital asset. Examples of capital assets include stocks, businesses, land parcels, homes, personal items and more. Capital gains are taxable at both the federal and state levels. While the federal government taxes capital gains at a lower rate than regular personal income, states usually tax capital gains at the same rates as regular income. ^[7][8][9]

The table below summarizes uppermost capital gains tax rates for South Dakota and neighboring states in 2015.

Sales tax[edit]

See also: Sales tax

Almost all states employ a statewide sales tax, which ranges from 2.9 percent in Colorado to 7.25 percent in California. Additionally, many states allow the levying of local sales taxes, which are then added to the state's tax.

South Dakota's state sales tax was 4.50% percent in 2017. The average local tax was about 1.89% percent, meaning that the average combined sales tax was about 6.39% percent. The table below displays the state tax rates, average local tax rates, and average combined tax rates for South Dakota and its neighboring states.^[10]

The table below summarizes sales tax rates for South Dakota and neighboring states in 2017 as well as the state's policy with respect to types of items commonly exempted from sales tax (i.e., food, prescription drugs and nonprescription drugs).^[11]

Excise taxes[edit]

See also: Excise taxes

Excise taxes, also known as selective sales or differential commodity taxes, are levied for the sales of specific goods or services. Excise taxes are considered indirect taxes because they are not charged directly to individuals. In most cases, the excise tax is paid by the producer or seller of an item. The cost of the tax is then included in the sale price of the item and passed on to the consumer. The tables below provide excise tax rates for motor fuel, alcohol and cigarettes in South Dakota and neighboring states.^{[12][13][14][15]}

Corporate income tax[edit]

See also: Corporate income tax

South Dakotadoes not levy a corporate income tax. The table below compares the corporate income tax rates of some of its neighboring states.^[16][17]

Property tax[edit]

See also: Property tax

Most often, property tax applies to real estate, although some states levy property taxes on other types of personal property, such as automobiles. Generally speaking, an individual's property tax liability is determined by the tax rate and the tax base, which is "determined by both the assessed value of the property and ... the share of the assessed value that is subject to tax." To learn more about property taxes, including tabulation methods, see this page. Property tax rates can vary substantially from locality to locality within a state.^{[18][19][20] [18][19]}

The table below provides the mean amount of property taxes paid in 2012, as well as property tax as a mean percentage of home value for 2014, in South Dakota and neighboring states.^[18]

The table below lists per capita state and local property tax collections for South Dakota and neighboring states for fiscal year 2013.^[21]

Estate and inheritance taxes[edit]

See also: Estate and inheritance taxes

Estate and inheritance taxes are levied on the property of deceased individuals (decedents). Generally speaking, an estate tax is applied to the value of a decedent's property and is paid from the estate before distribution to any heirs. By contrast, an inheritance tax is paid by the heir or heirs of a decedent's assets.^[22][23][24]

South Dakota does not levy an estate tax, although residents are liable for the federal estate tax. The table below summarizes the estate tax rates for South Dakota and neighboring states in 2016.^[24]

Tax revenues[edit]

See also: South Dakota state budget and finances

The table below breaks down state government tax collections by source in 2016 (comparable figures from surrounding states are also provided to give additional context). Figures for all columns except "2016 population" and "Per capita collections" are rendered in thousands of dollars (for example, $2,448 translates to $2,448,000). Figures in the columns labeled "2016 population" and "Per capita collections" have not been abbreviated.^[25]

The table below lists 2016 tax collections by source as percentages of total collections. About 82.4 percent of South Dakota's total state tax collections came from sales taxes and gross receipts.^[25]

Tax ballot measures[edit]

Voting on taxes
Ballot measures
By state
By year
Not on ballot
Local City taxes County taxes School taxes Property taxes Sales taxes Income taxes Other taxes

See also: Taxes on the ballot and List of South Dakota ballot measures

Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to taxes in South Dakota.

1. South Dakota Tax Reduction, Initiative 3 (1992)
2. South Dakota Property Tax Assessments, Amendment D (2006)
3. South Dakota Increase Taxes on Tobacco, Initiative 2 (2006)
4. South Dakota No Tax on Food, Initiative 1 (2004)
5. South Dakota State Income Tax, Initiative 2 (1970)
6. South Dakota Supermajority Required to Raise Taxes, Amendment B (1996)
7. South Dakota Prohibit Property Taxes from Funding Schools, Amendment A (1998)
8. South Dakota Leased Lands Taxation, Amendment A (1994)
9. South Dakota Inheritance Tax, Amendment C (2000)
10. South Dakota Limit Property Tax, Amendment E (1990)
11. South Dakota Income Tax, Amendment C (1990)
12. South Dakota Property Tax Limitation, Amendment C (1988)
13. South Dakota Mining Tax, Initiative 2 (1988)
14. South Dakota Agricultural Property Taxes, Amendment F (1998)
15. South Dakota Property Classification, Amendment A (2000)
16. South Dakota Property Tax, Amendment B (1980)
17. South Dakota Property Tax Reform, Initiative 1 (1994)
18. South Dakota Tax Revenues for Grants Referendum, Referred Law 14 (2012)
19. South Dakota Sales Tax Increase Measure, Initiated Measure 15 (2012)
20. South Dakota Repeal of the Telecommunication Tax, Initiative 8 (2006)
21. South Dakota Revise Taxation Articles Referendum (1908)
22. South Dakota Change State Tax Structure (1910)
23. South Dakota Uniform Taxation of Corporations, Constitutional Amendment 1 (1912)
24. South Dakota Graduated Individual Income Tax (1918)
25. South Dakota Special Assessment on River Drainage Lands (1922)
26. South Dakota Property for School Taxation (1930)
27. South Dakota Tax on Rural Credit Lands (1930)
28. South Dakota Motor Vehicle Registration (1930)
29. South Dakota Butter Tax (1932)
30. South Dakota Taxes for Highways (1940)
31. South Dakota Tax on Public Shooting Areas (1948)
32. South Dakota Assessment of Agricultural Lands (1954)
33. South Dakota Tax Exemption for Highway Property (1958)
34. South Dakota Income Tax Increase, Amendment D (1978)
35. South Dakota Initiated Measure 25, Tobacco Tax Increase Initiative (2018)
36. South Dakota Initiated Measure 28, Prohibit Food and Grocery Taxes Initiative (2024)

Recent news[edit]

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms South Dakota taxes. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

See also[edit]

• South Dakota
• South Dakota state budget and finances
• Personal income tax
• Sales tax
• Corporate income tax
• Property tax

External links[edit]

• Tax Policy Center
• Federation of Tax Administrators
• Tax Foundation

Footnotes[edit]

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