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Twenty-six seats on Texas' state-level courts, along with many local court seats, were on the general election ballot of November 8, 2016, with a primary held on March 1.
Three seats on the Texas Supreme Court joined three seats on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals and twenty seats on the fourteen district courts of appeal on the ballot for November 2016.
Within the Texas Supreme Court and Texas Court of Criminal appeals, Judge Cheryl Johnson of the state’s Court of Criminal Appeals was the only incumbent not seeking re-election.[2]
Texas is one of two states with two courts of last resort (Oklahoma is the other). The Texas Supreme Court is the highest court in the state of Texas for civil matters, while the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals handles criminal cases. Each justice elected to these courts serves a six-year term and is chosen in a statewide election.
Texas also has fourteen lower courts of appeals. Each of these courts covers a different geographical region of Texas. Like the two higher courts in Texas, judges on these district courts are elected to serve six-year terms in partisan statewide elections.
Texas was one of 30 states with a trifecta control of state government in 2016, in which the governorship and both chambers of the legislature are controlled by the same party. The Texas Senate and the Texas House of Representatives were controlled by Republicans by a nearly 2-to-1 margin.
Republican dominance of state courts was even stronger in 2016. Every seat on the Texas Supreme Court was held by a Republican, and 8 out of 9 seats on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals were held by Republicans. The lone seat on the criminal appeals court held by a Democrat was contested in 2016 and therefore could be won by a Republican. However, the incumbent, Justice Meyers, won statewide election to that court in 1992, 1998, 2004 and 2010.
A majority of the district courts of appeals were under Republican control heading into the election. Democrats filed to run in six out of the fourteen districts, leaving 11 Republican-held seats in eight districts without a Democratic candidate. Democrats had advantages in some districts too. In 2016, the Texas Eighth District Court of Appeals, which represents the El Paso area, was composed of four Democrats, including Justice Steve Hughes, who ran for re-election in 2016 and was defeated in the primary by Gina Palafox, another Democrat. No Republican candidates ran for this seat, guaranteeing that the eighth district remained in Democratic hands after the election. Other districts are more competitive.
Place 3[edit]■ Mike Westergren (D) |
Place 5[edit]■ Dori Garza (D) |
Place 9[edit]■ Savannah Robinson (D) |
Place 2[edit]■ Lawrence Meyers (D) (Incumbent) |
Place 5[edit]■ Betsy Johnson (D) |
Place 6[edit]■ Robert D. Burns III (D) |
First District[edit]Chief justice[edit]■ Jim Peacock (D) Place 4[edit]■ Barbara Gardner (D) Second District[edit]Place 3[edit]
■ Elizabeth Kerr (R) (Unopposed) Place 4[edit]■ Bonnie Sudderth (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Third District[edit]Place 2[edit]■ Cindy Olson Bourland (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Place 4[edit]■ Melissa Goodwin (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Fourth District[edit]Place 6[edit]■ Irene Rios (D) Fifth District[edit]Place 4[edit]■ Gena Slaughter (D) Place 7[edit]■ Dennise Garcia (D) Sixth District[edit]Place 1[edit]■ Josh Morriss (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) |
Seventh District[edit]Place 4[edit]■ James T. Campbell (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Eighth District[edit]Place 3[edit]■ Gina Palafox (D) (Unopposed) Ninth District[edit]Place 2[edit]■ Charles Kreger (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Tenth District[edit]Place 3[edit]■ Al Scoggins (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Eleventh District[edit]Place 3[edit]■ John Bailey (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Twelfth District[edit]Place 2[edit]■ Brian Hoyle (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Place 3[edit]■ Greg Neeley (R) (Incumbent/Unopposed) Thirteenth District[edit]Place 3[edit]■ Greg Perkes (R) (Incumbent) Fourteenth District[edit]Place 2[edit]
■ Candance White (D) Place 9[edit]■ Peter M. Kelly (D) |
Texas Supreme Court, Place 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Debra Lehrmann Incumbent | 54.84% | 4,807,986 | |
Democratic | Mike Westergren | 38.53% | 3,378,163 | |
Libertarian | Kathie Glass | 3.97% | 348,376 | |
Green | Rodolfo Rivera Munoz | 2.65% | 232,646 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 8,767,171 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Supreme Court, Place 5, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Paul Green Incumbent | 54.30% | 4,758,334 | |
Democratic | Dori Garza | 41.18% | 3,608,634 | |
Libertarian | Tom Oxford | 3.29% | 288,504 | |
Green | Charles E. Waterbury | 1.23% | 107,731 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 8,763,203 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Supreme Court, Place 9, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Eva Guzman Incumbent | 55.80% | 4,884,441 | |
Democratic | Savannah Robinson | 39.36% | 3,445,959 | |
Libertarian | Don Fulton | 3.48% | 304,587 | |
Green | Jim Chisholm | 1.36% | 119,022 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 8,754,009 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 2, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Mary Lou Keel | 54.88% | 4,790,800 | |
Democratic | Lawrence Meyers Incumbent | 40.05% | 3,496,205 | |
Libertarian | Mark Ash | 3.68% | 321,568 | |
Green | Adam Reposa | 1.39% | 121,467 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 8,730,040 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 5, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Scott Walker (Texas) | 54.75% | 4,782,144 | |
Democratic | Betsy Johnson (Texas) | 40.20% | 3,511,950 | |
Libertarian | William Bryan Strange | 2.84% | 248,109 | |
Green | Judith Sanders-Castro | 2.21% | 192,913 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 8,735,116 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 6, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Michael Keasler Incumbent | 54.97% | 4,785,012 | |
Democratic | Robert D. Burns III | 40.89% | 3,558,844 | |
Libertarian | Mark Bennett (Texas) | 4.14% | 360,167 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 8,704,023 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas First District Court of Appeals, Chief Justice, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Sherry Radack Incumbent | 52.09% | 963,538 | |
Democratic | Jim Peacock | 47.91% | 886,049 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 1,849,587 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas First District Court of Appeals, Place 4, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Evelyn Keyes Incumbent | 51.05% | 942,286 | |
Democratic | Barbara Gardner | 48.95% | 903,610 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 1,845,896 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Second District Court of Appeals, Place 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Elizabeth Kerr (unopposed) | 100.00% | 792,185 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 792,185 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Second District Court of Appeals, Place 4, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Bonnie Sudderth Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 783,742 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 783,742 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Third District Court of Appeals, Place 2, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Cindy Olson Bourland Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 623,948 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 623,948 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Third District Court of Appeals, Place 4, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Melissa Goodwin Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 625,200 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 625,200 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fourth District Court of Appeals, Place 6, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Irene Alarcon Rios | 51.73% | 457,048 | |
Republican | Jason Pulliam Incumbent | 48.27% | 426,468 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 883,516 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fifth District Court of Appeals, Place 4, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Lana Myers Incumbent | 52.85% | 650,829 | |
Democratic | Gena Slaughter | 47.15% | 580,559 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 1,231,388 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fifth District Court of Appeals, Place 7, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | David Schenck Incumbent | 51.59% | 635,952 | |
Democratic | Dennise Garcia | 48.41% | 596,728 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 1,232,680 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Sixth District Court of Appeals, Place 1, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Josh Morriss Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 226,702 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 226,702 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Seventh District Court of Appeals, Place 4, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | James T. Campbell Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 228,381 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 228,381 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Eighth District Court of Appeals, Place 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Gina Palafox (unopposed) | 100.00% | 176,147 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 176,147 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Ninth District Court of Appeals, Place 2, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Charles Kreger Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 321,978 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 321,978 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Tenth District Court of Appeals, Place 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Al Scoggins Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 303,579 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 303,579 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Eleventh District Court of Appeals, Place 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | John Bailey Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 199,482 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 199,482 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Twelfth District Court of Appeals, Place 2, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Brian Hoyle Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 275,315 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 275,315 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Twelfth District Court of Appeals, Place 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Greg Neeley Incumbent (unopposed) | 100.00% | 274,297 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 274,297 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Thirteenth District Court of Appeals, Place 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Leticia Hinojosa | 56.43% | 287,959 | |
Republican | Greg Perkes Incumbent | 43.57% | 222,368 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 510,327 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fourteenth District Court of Appeals, Place 2, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Kevin Jewell | 51.26% | 945,662 | |
Democratic | Candance White | 48.74% | 899,159 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 1,844,821 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fourteenth District Court of Appeals, Place 9, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Tracy E. Christopher Incumbent | 52.43% | 966,844 | |
Democratic | Peter M. Kelly | 47.57% | 877,132 | |
Total Votes (100% reporting) | 1,843,976 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Republican Runoff, Place 2, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Mary Lou Keel | 50.87% | 184,405 | |
Republican | Ray Wheless | 49.13% | 178,114 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 362,519 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Republican Runoff, Place 5, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Scott Walker (Texas) | 58.02% | 206,922 | |
Republican | Brent Webster | 41.98% | 149,714 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 356,636 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Eighth District Court of Appeals Democratic Runoff, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Gina Palafox | 53.05% | 10,482 | |
Democratic | Maria Ramirez | 46.95% | 9,277 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 19,759 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Second District Court of Appeals Republican Runoff, Seat 3, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Elizabeth Kerr | 54.83% | 25,628 | |
Republican | Dabney Bassel | 45.17% | 21,116 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 46,744 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Supreme Court, Place 3, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Debra Lehrmann Incumbent | 52.22% | 1,131,998 | |
Republican | Michael Massengale | 47.78% | 1,035,840 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 2,167,838 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Supreme Court, Place 5, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Paul Green Incumbent | 52.06% | 1,078,689 | |
Republican | Rick Green | 47.94% | 993,441 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 2,072,130 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Supreme Court, Place 9, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Eva Guzman Incumbent | 59.17% | 1,268,415 | |
Republican | Joe Pool, Jr. | 40.83% | 875,224 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 2,143,639 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 2, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Mary Lou Keel | 39.42% | 785,448 | |
Republican | Ray Wheless | 35.43% | 705,909 | |
Republican | Chris Oldner | 25.15% | 501,063 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 1,992,420 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 5, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Scott Walker | 41.48% | 833,757 | |
Republican | Brent Webster | 20.45% | 411,119 | |
Republican | Steve Smith | 19.60% | 393,992 | |
Republican | Sid Harle | 18.47% | 371,303 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 2,010,171 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 6, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Michael Keasler Incumbent | 56.87% | 1,102,194 | |
Republican | Richard Dean Davis | 43.13% | 835,758 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 1,937,952 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Second District Court of Appeals, Seat 3, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Elizabeth Kerr | 33.15% | 89,272 | |
Republican | Dabney Bassel | 18.83% | 50,706 | |
Republican | Andy Porter | 18.81% | 50,656 | |
Republican | Bill Ray | 17.28% | 46,532 | |
Republican | Mary Johndroe | 11.94% | 32,158 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 269,324 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fifth District Court of Appeals, Seat 7, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | David Schenck Incumbent | 61.53% | 131,790 | |
Republican | David Hanschen | 38.47% | 82,387 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 214,177 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Eighth District Court of Appeals, Democratic Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Gina Palafox | 29.40% | 16,106 | |
Democratic | Maria Ramirez | 26.38% | 14,452 | |
Democratic | Steve Hughes Incumbent | 16.81% | 9,207 | |
Democratic | Robert Perez | 15.52% | 8,502 | |
Democratic | Arturo Vazquez | 11.90% | 6,518 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 54,785 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Thirteenth District Court of Appeals, Democratic Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Leticia Hinojosa | 72.09% | 81,193 | |
Democratic | Carlos Valdez | 27.91% | 31,433 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 112,626 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fourteenth District Court of Appeals, Seat 2, Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | Kevin Jewell | 56.30% | 190,409 | |
Republican | Bud Wiesedeppe | 43.70% | 147,798 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 338,207 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Texas Fourteenth District Court of Appeals, Seat 2, Democratic Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Candance White | 69.96% | 154,111 | |
Democratic | Jim Sharp | 30.04% | 66,158 | |
Total Votes (100% Reporting) | 220,269 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State Official Results |
Partisan primaries are held if even one candidate has filed for a position. To advance to the general election, a candidate must win a majority (over 50 percent) of the vote. If no candidate in a race wins the majority—as in cases where more than two candidates are competing for a seat—a runoff election is held between the top two candidates.[3][4]
Though Texas officially has closed primaries (requiring that voters declare party affiliation in advance in order to participate), the state's primaries are functionally open; any registered voter may vote in any single party's primary if they have not voted in the primary of another party. The elections are closed, however, in that voters may not participate in the proceedings (a runoff primary or a convention) of another party thereafter.[3]
The winning candidates from each major party's primary, as well as any additional minor party candidates, compete in a general election on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. If a candidate was unopposed in the general election, his or her name will still appear on the general election ballot.[3][5]
Demographic data for Texas | ||
---|---|---|
Texas | U.S. | |
Total population: | 27,429,639 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 261,232 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 74.9% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 11.9% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 4.2% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.5% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 2.5% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 38.4% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 81.9% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 27.6% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $53,207 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 19.9% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Texas. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
Texas voted Republican in all six presidential elections between 2000 and 2020.
Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, one is located in Texas, accounting for 0.5 percent of the total pivot counties.[6]
In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Texas had one Retained Pivot County, 0.55 percent of all Retained Pivot Counties.
More Texas coverage on Ballotpedia
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Federal courts:
Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals • U.S. District Court: Eastern District of Texas, Western District of Texas, Northern District of Texas, Southern District of Texas • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Eastern District of Texas, Western District of Texas, Northern District of Texas, Southern District of Texas
State courts:
Texas Supreme Court • Texas Court of Appeals • Texas Court of Criminal Appeals • Texas District Courts • Texas County Courts • Texas County Courts at Law • Texas Statutory Probate Courts • Texas Justice of the Peace Courts
State resources:
Courts in Texas • Texas judicial elections • Judicial selection in Texas