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There are 181 seats in the Texas State Legislature. Approximately one half of the 31 seats in the Texas State Senate are up for election every two years. All 150 seats in the Texas House of Representatives are up for election every two years.

Texas enacted new state legislative districts on October 25, 2021. The Senate Redistricting Committee released a draft of a Senate legislative map on September 18, and a Senate panel advanced the proposal to the full Senate for debate on September 28. The Senate approved the plans in a 20-11 vote on October 4.^[1] The House approved an amended version of a proposed House district map in an 83-63 vote split along party lines on October 13.^[2] After both sets of legislative district maps passed their respective chambers, the House and Senate both approved maps for the other chamber's districts on October 15. The House approved the Senate map by an 81-60 vote, and the Senate approved the House map by an 18-13 vote.^[3] Gov. Abbott signed both maps into law on October 25.^[4]These maps take effect for Texas' 2022 legislative elections. Click here for more information about redistricting after the 2020 census.

Chambers

Click the following tabs for more information about each chamber:

Senate

The current make-up of the Texas Legislature is as follows: There are 31 Senators in the Texas State Senate. Each member represented an average of 811,147 residents, as of the 2010 Census.^[5] After the 2000 Census, each member represented 672,640.^[6]

Qualifications

See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

To be eligible to serve in the Texas State Senate, a candidate must be:^[7]

• A U.S. citizen
• 26 years old before the general election
• A five-year resident of Texas before the general election
• A district resident for 1 year prior to the general election

Vacancies

See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

If there is a vacancy in the Texas State Legislature, the governor must call a special election to fill the vacant seat.^[8] A governor's proclamation to hold a special election must be delivered to local elections authorities representing the vacant seat no later than 36 days before the scheduled election.^[9]

The secretary of state can declare a candidate duly elected in a special election if there is no opposition.^[10]

See sources: Texas Elec. Code § 203.001 et. seq.

Salaries

See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries

State legislators
Salary	Per diem
$7,200/year	$221/day. Set by ethics commission. Unvouchered.

Pension

When calculating a legislators pension, their normal salary is artificially inflated to $125,000. This goes back to 1981, when lawmakers linked their salaries to those of state judges. Since then, they raised judges' salaries while removing the caps on their own pensions, pushing the maximum benefit up to 100% of a judge's salary.

In 2011, this resulted in an average state employee pension of $17,526 annually. The maximum pension a legislator can earn is $125,000, of which Rep. Tom Craddick (R) will be the first to qualify for when he retires. ^[11]

Districts

These are links to every district in the Texas State Senate.

House

There are 150 representatives in the Texas House of Representatives. Each member represented an average of 167,637 residents, as of the 2010 Census.^[12] After the 2000 Census, each member represented 139,012.^[13]

Qualifications

See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

To be eligible to serve in the Texas House of Representatives, a candidate must be:^[14]

• A U.S. citizen
• 21 years old before the general election
• A two-year resident of Texas before the general election
• A district resident for 1 year prior to the general election

Vacancies

See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

If there is a vacancy in the Texas State Legislature, the governor must call a special election to fill the vacant seat.^[15] A governor's proclamation to hold a special election must be delivered to local elections authorities representing the vacant seat no later than 36 days before the scheduled election.^[16]

The secretary of state can declare a candidate duly elected in a special election if there is no opposition.^[17]

See sources: Texas Elec. Code § 203.001 et. seq.

Salaries

See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries

State legislators
Salary	Per diem
$7,200/year	$221/day. Set by ethics commission. Unvouchered.

Pension

When calculating a legislators pension, their normal salary is artificially inflated to $125,000. This goes back to 1981, when lawmakers linked their salaries to those of state judges. Since then, they raised judges' salaries while removing the caps on their own pensions, pushing the maximum benefit up to 100% of a judge's salary.

In 2011, this resulted in an average state employee pension of $17,526 annually. The maximum pension a legislator can earn is $125,000, of which Rep. Tom Craddick (R) will be the first to qualify for when he retires. ^[18]

Districts

These are links to every district in the Texas House of Representatives.

Redistricting

In Texas, both congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the Texas State Legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.^[19]

If the state legislature is unable to approve a state legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines (the backup commission is not involved in congressional redistricting). This backup commission, established in 1948, comprises the following members:^[19]

1. Lieutenant governor
2. Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives
3. Attorney general
4. State comptroller
5. Commissioner of the General Land Office

The Texas Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and "that they preserve whole counties when population mandates permit."^[19]

Texas enacted new state legislative districts on October 25, 2021. The Senate Redistricting Committee released a draft of a Senate legislative map on September 18, and a Senate panel advanced the proposal to the full Senate for debate on September 28. The Senate approved the plans in a 20-11 vote on October 4.^[20] The House approved an amended version of a proposed House district map in an 83-63 vote split along party lines on October 13.^[21] After both sets of legislative district maps passed their respective chambers, the House and Senate both approved maps for the other chamber's districts on October 15. The House approved the Senate map by an 81-60 vote, and the Senate approved the House map by an 18-13 vote.^[22] Gov. Abbott signed both maps into law on October 25.^[23]These maps take effect for Texas' 2022 legislative elections.

State Senate map

Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

State House map

Below is the state House map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

Reactions

Lt. Gov Dan Patrick (R) said of the Senate map: "This map illustrates our commitment to making sure every Texan is well-represented in their state Legislature and their voices are heard."^[24] State Rep. Rafael Anchia (D) said the Senate proposal did not adequately reflect the racial composition of the state. “There are nearly three times as many districts that are majority white compared to majority Hispanic,” Anchia said.

State Rep. Todd Hunter (R) said the House map “achieves fair representation for the citizens of Texas.” State Sen. Eddie Lucio (D) criticized revisions to the House districts in the Rio Grande Valley, saying “In my time in the Legislature, I have never seen such blatant disregard for the process.”^[25]

Senate elections

Texas state senators serve 2-4-4 terms, where senators serve one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. Texas holds elections for its legislature in even years.

2022

See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2022

Elections for the Texas State Senate will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary is scheduled for March 1, 2022, and a primary runoff is scheduled for May 24, 2022. The filing deadline was December 13, 2021.

2020

See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2020

Elections for the office of Texas State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 3, 2020, and a primary runoff was scheduled for July 14, 2020. The filing deadline was December 9, 2019.

In the 2020 elections, the Republican majority in the Texas State Senate decreased from 19-12 to 18-13.

Texas State Senate
Party		As of November 3, 2020	After November 4, 2020
	Democratic Party	12	13
	Republican Party	19	18
Total		31	31

2018

See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2018

Elections for the Texas State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on March 6, 2018.^[26] A primary runoff election took place on May 22, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was December 11, 2017.^[27]

In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Texas State Senate was reduced from 21-10 to 19-12.

Texas State Senate
Party		As of November 6, 2018	After November 7, 2018
	Democratic Party	10	12
	Republican Party	21	19
Total		31	31

2016

See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2016

Elections for the Texas State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election was held on March 1, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was December 14, 2015.^[28] A total of 16 seats out of the 31 seats in the Texas State Senate were up for election in 2016.

Heading into the election, Republicans held a 20-11 majority. No changes occurred to the partisan balance of the chamber.

Texas State Senate
Party		As of November 7, 2016	After November 8, 2016
	Democratic Party	11	11
	Republican Party	20	20
Total		31	31

Click [show] to see election information dating back to 2000

2014 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2014 Elections for 15 of the 31 seats in the Texas State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on March 4, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in these elections was December 9, 2013. Heading into the election, Republicans held an 18-12 majority with one vacancy. Republicans gained two seats in the election, giving them a 20-11 majority. Texas State Senate Party As of November 3, 2014 After November 4, 2014      Democratic Party 12 11      Republican Party 18 20      Vacancy 1 0 Total 31 31 2012 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2012 Elections for the office of Texas State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on May 29, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was December 19, 2011. All 31 Senate seats were up for election in 2012. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 19-12 majority. No partisan change occurred in the election. Texas State Senate Party As of November 5, 2012 After the 2012 Election      Democratic Party 12 12      Republican Party 19 19 Total 31 31 The following table details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election. 2012 Margin of Victory, Texas State Senate District Winner Margin of Victory Total Votes Top Opponent District 10 Wendy Davis 2.2% 287,759 Mark Shelton District 19 Carlos Uresti 18.8% 205,736 Michael Berlanga District 9 Kelly Hancock 20.1% 233,577 Pete Martinez District 20 Juan Hinojosa 23.1% 183,038 Raul Torres District 15 John Whitmire 24.7% 217,860 Bill Walker District 8 Ken Paxton 27.7% 286,147 Jack Ternan District 25 Donna Campbell 31.2% 354,167 John Courage District 11 Larry Taylor 32% 274,333 Jacqueline Acquistapace District 7 Dan Patrick 36.8% 287,319 Sam Texas District 29 Jose Rodriguez 37.2% 169,398 Dan Chavez 2010 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2010 Elections for the office of Texas State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on March 2, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The runoff election was on April 13, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was January 4, 2010. Sixteen seats were up for election. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 19-12 majority. No partisan change occurred in the election. Texas State Senate Party As of November 1, 2010 After the 2010 Election      Democratic Party 12 12      Republican Party 19 19 Total 31 31 In 2010, the candidates for state Senate raised a total of $11,219,972 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were:[29] 2010 Donors, Texas State Senate Donor Amount Perry, Bob J $544,500 Border Health $486,750 Texas Association of Realtors $426,548 Bius, Ben $273,790 Texas Medical Association $255,741 Time Warner $251,075 Texans for Lawsuit Reform $218,466 Independent Insurance Agents of Texas $207,232 AT&T $205,850 Associated General Contractors of Texas $180,408 2008 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2008 Elections for the office of Texas State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 4, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008. During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $25,929,067. The top 10 contributors were:[30] 2008 Donors, Texas State Senate Donor Amount Texas Association Of Realtors $494,383 Perry, Bob J $430,500 Texans For Lawsuit Reform $389,416 Twenty-One PAC $305,000 Texas Medical Association $280,295 Butt, Charles C $262,655 Time Warner $211,524 Associated General Contractors Of Texas $200,253 Texans For Economic Development $190,000 Texas Democratic Party $186,742 2006 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2006 Elections for the office of Texas State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 7, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $28,516,289. The top 10 contributors were:[31] 2006 Donors, Texas State Senate Donor Amount Texans For Lawsuit Reform $1,041,735 Perry, Bob J $597,000 Nichols, Robert $576,600 Texas Association of Mortgage Attorneys $430,000 Texas Association of Realtors $424,530 Williams Bailey Law Firm $385,000 Gates, Gary $369,623 Texas Medical Association $342,382 BG Distribution Partners $336,000 Patrick, Dan $316,671 2004 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2004 Elections for the office of Texas State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 9, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004. During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $16,529,122. The top 10 contributors were:[32] 2004 Donors, Texas State Senate Donor Amount Edwards, Kirk $896,867 Seliger, Kel & Nancy $325,000 Texas Medical Association $271,481 Texas Association Of Mortgage Attorneys PAC $227,500 Texas Association of Realtors $210,366 Texas Trial Lawyers Association $200,848 Friends of Frank Madla $190,000 Williams Bailey Law Firm $164,500 Texas Optometric Association $158,000 Perry, Bob J $153,000 2002 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2002 Elections for the office of Texas State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 12, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $23,504,855. The top 10 contributors were:[33] 2002 Donors, Texas State Senate Donor Amount Texans For Lawsuit Reform $643,807 Texas Association Of Realtors $447,133 Bentzin, Ben $442,083 Perry, Bob J $401,000 Texas Medical Association $394,077 Madla, Friends Of Frank $345,400 Hinojosa, Juan (Chuy) $286,371 Texas Dental Association $280,500 Texas Trial Lawyers Association $260,659 Estes, Craig L $249,000 2000 See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2000 Elections for the office of Texas State Senate consisted of a primary election on March 14, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $15,399,907. The top 10 contributors were:[34] 2000 Donors, Texas State Senate Donor Amount Texans For Lawsuit Reform $945,659 Texas Democratic Party $607,826 Texas Republican Party $443,296 Associated Republicans Of Texas $384,399 Texas Association Of Realtors $338,895 Perry, Bob J $206,000 Democratic Legislative Campaign Cmte $197,500 Texas Medical Association $164,717 Texas Trial Lawyers Association $157,503 Texas Dental Association $136,500

House elections

Texas state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. Texas holds elections for its legislature in even years.

2022

See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2022

Elections for the Texas House of Representatives will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary is scheduled for March 1, 2022, and a primary runoff is scheduled for May 24, 2022. The filing deadline was December 13, 2021.

2020

See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2020

Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 3, 2020, and a primary runoff was scheduled for July 14, 2020. The filing deadline was December 9, 2019.

In the 2020 elections, Republicans in the Texas House of Representatives maintained their 83-67 majority.

Texas House of Representatives
Party		As of November 3, 2020	After November 4, 2020
	Democratic Party	67	67
	Republican Party	83	83
Total		150	150

2018

See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2018

Elections for the Texas House of Representatives took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on March 6, 2018.^[35] A primary runoff election took place on May 22, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was December 11, 2017.^[36]

In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Texas House of Representatives was reduced from 93-55 to 83-67.

Texas House of Representatives
Party		As of November 6, 2018	After November 7, 2018
	Democratic Party	55	67
	Republican Party	93	83
	Vacancy	2	0
Total		150	150

2016

See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2016

Elections for the Texas House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election was held on March 1, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was December 14, 2015.^[37] All 150 seats in the Texas House of Representatives were up for election in 2016.

Heading into the election, Republicans held a 99-50 majority with one vacancy. Republicans lost five seats in the election, giving them a 95-55 majority.

Texas House of Representatives
Party		As of November 7, 2016	After November 8, 2016
	Democratic Party	50	55
	Republican Party	99	95
	Independent	1	0
Total		150	150

Click [show] to see election information dating back to 2000

2014 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2014 Elections for all 150 seats in the Texas House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on March 4, 2014. Those candidates who did not receive 50 percent or more of the vote in their party primary on March 4 faced an additional May 27 primary runoff. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in these elections was December 9, 2013. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 94-55 majority with one vacancy. Republicans gained four seats in the election, giving them a 98-52 majority. Texas House of Representatives Party As of November 3, 2014 After November 4, 2014      Democratic Party 55 52      Republican Party 94 98      Vacancy 1 0 Total 150 150 2012 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2012 Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on May 29, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. A primary runoff election was scheduled for July 31, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was December 19, 2011. All 150 seats were up for election. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 100-48 majority with two vacancies. Republicans lost five seats in the election, giving them a 95-55 majority. Texas House of Representatives Party As of November 5, 2012 After the 2012 Election      Democratic Party 48 55      Republican Party 100 95      Vacancy 2 0 Total 150 150 The following table details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election. 2012 Margin of Victory, Texas House of Representatives District Winner Margin of Victory Total Votes Top Opponent District 107 Kenneth Sheets 1.7% 50,886 Robert Miklos District 105 Linda Harper-Brown 1.8% 43,353 Rosemary Robbins District 43 J.M. Lozano 3.1% 46,703 Yvonne Gonzalez Toureilles District 144 Mary Ann Perez 6.5% 23,904 David Pineda District 117 Philip Cortez 7.6% 41,611 John Garza District 78 Joe Moody 7.7% 42,080 Dee Margo District 23 Craig Eiland 7.9% 56,410 Wayne Faircloth District 114 Jason Villalba 8.3% 62,732 Carol Kent District 134 Sarah Davis 9.3% 80,424 Ann Johnson District 45 Jason Isaac 11.2% 62,656 John Adams 2010 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2010 Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on March 2, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The runoff election was held on April 13, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was January 4, 2010. All 150 seats were up for election in 2010. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 76-73 majority with one vacancy. Republicans gained 22 seats in the election, giving them a 98-51 majority with one vacancy. Texas House of Representatives Party As of November 1, 2010 After the 2010 Election      Democratic Party 73 51      Republican Party 76 98      Vacancy 1 1 Total 150 150 In 2010, the candidates for state House raised a total of $78,482,292 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were:[38] 2010 Donors, Texas House of Representatives Donor Amount Texans for Lawsuit Reform $5,176,786 Texans for Insurance Reform $2,591,865 Associated Republicans of Texas $2,133,555 House Democratic Campaign Cmte $1,950,747 Perry, Bob J $1,733,500 Taylor, Van $950,000 Joe R Straus III Campaign $889,000 Texas Association of Realtors $814,570 Annies List $778,860 Perry, Doylene $567,500 2008 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2008 Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on March 4, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008. During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $71,266,729. The top 10 contributors were:[39] 2008 Donors, Texas House of Representatives Donor Amount Texans For Lawsuit Reform $2,833,416 Perry, Bob J $2,016,500 Texans For Insurance Reform $1,571,316 Stars Over Texas PAC $1,232,000 Texas Association Of Realtors $1,030,082 Texas Republican Party $1,020,977 House Democratic Campaign Cmte $992,700 Texas Parent PAC $951,997 Blue Texas $920,000 Butt, Charles C $710,075 2006 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2006 Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on March 7, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $65,368,501. The top 10 contributors were:[40] 2006 Donors, Texas House of Representatives Donor Amount Texans For Lawsuit Reform $2,402,797 Texas Republican Legislative Campaign Cmte $2,161,162 Perry, Bob J $1,848,750 Texans For Insurance Reform $1,375,219 Stars Over Texas PAC $943,967 Texas Association Of Realtors $815,098 Durrett, Larry K & Jackie $611,500 AT&T $599,093 H-E-B Grocery $588,818 Associated Republicans Of Texas $578,367 2004 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2004 Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on March 9, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004. During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $44,062,003. The top 10 contributors were:[41] 2004 Donors, Texas House of Representatives Donor Amount Texans For Lawsuit Reform $1,616,026 Texans For Insurance Reform $1,493,274 Perry, Bob J $823,500 Leibowitz, David McQuade $574,980 Stars Over Texas PAC $552,785 Texas Medical Association $444,413 SBC Communications $424,124 Texas Association Of Realtors $384,727 Texas Trial Lawyers Association $383,758 Askew, Neal & Anita $371,000 2002 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2002 Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on March 12, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $37,274,594. The top 10 contributors were:[42] 2002 Donors, Texas House of Representatives Donor Amount Texas Democratic Party $643,807 Texans For A Republican Majority/TRMPAC $447,133 Texans For Lawsuit Reform $442,083 Perry, Bob J $401,000 Texas Association Of Realtors $394,077 Texas Dental Association $345,400 Texas Medical Association $286,371 Texas Bell $280,500 Barger, John $260,659 Republican National State Elections Cmte $249,000 2000 See also: Texas House of Representatives elections, 2000 Elections for the office of Texas House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on March 14, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $20,074,748. The top 10 contributors were:[43] 2000 Donors, Texas House of Representatives Donor Amount Texas Democratic Party $1,702,238 Texas Republican Party $1,158,221 Associated Republicans Of Texas $365,598 Texas Bell Employee PAC $361,207 National Republican Congressional Cmte $311,769 Texas Association Of Realtors $289,377 Texas Trial Lawyers Association $264,466 Perry, Bob J $261,500 Texas Automobile Dealers Association $252,090 Texas Dental Association $233,007

District maps

State Senate

State House

See also

• State legislature
• Texas State Legislature
• Texas State Senate
• Texas House of Representatives
• List of Texas state legislative elections

Footnotes

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