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    United States Congress elections, 2014

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    2014 Congress Elections
    Election Date
    November 4, 2014
    U.S. Senate Elections by State
    Alabama • Alaska • Arkansas • Colorado • Delaware • Georgia • Idaho • Illinois • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Montana • Nebraska • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • North Carolina • Oklahoma • Oregon • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Virginia • West Virginia • Wyoming
    U.S. House Elections by State
    Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
    Elections Information
    Election Dates • Voting in Primaries •
    Voting on November 4, 2014 •
    Poll Opening and Closing Times

    A total of 471 seats in the U.S. Congress (36 Senate seats, including three special elections, and all 435 House seats) were up for election on November 4, 2014. Additionally, three races, Louisiana's 5th and 6th Districts and the Senate election in Louisiana, were Republican wins in a runoff held on December 6, 2014.

    U.S. House
    Dem. 188
    Rep. 247
    Ind. 0
    TOTAL 435
    Click here for more details.
    U.S. Senate
    Dem. 44
    Rep. 54
    Ind. 2
    TOTAL 100
    UNDECIDED 0
    Click here for more details.

    A strong Republican showing occurred. Republicans assumed control of both chambers of the U.S. Congress.

    Many believed that the November 4, 2014, general election would be a backlash against the Obama Administration’s Affordable Care Act. According to a study by the Brookings Institution, only 36 percent of 2014 Democratic candidates mentioned support of the Affordable Care Act in their platform.[1]

    The GOP went into the election with a 233-199 lead in the House of Representatives. Democrats outnumbered Republicans, 53-45, in the U.S. Senate (with two Independents in the mix).[2][3][4]

    Heading into the election, Democrats controlled the U.S. Senate while Republicans were the majority in the U.S. House. For Republicans to take the majority in the Senate, they needed to take six seats held by Democrats and retain control of the 15 seats held by a Republican. That was reached. For Democrats to have taken majority control of the U.S. House, a Democratic pick up of 17 seats was needed. That was not reached. Instead, Democrats lost ground in the House.[5]

    There were incorrect predictions that the control of the Senate would not be decided on November 4. With races in Georgia and Louisiana tightening up, it was possible that one or both of those races could have been the deciding seats for the majority. A runoff in Louisiana took place on December 6, however, it did not decide the control of the Senate and Republican Bill Cassidy defeated Sen. Mary Landrieu. Interestingly, a Georgia runoff would have been held on January 6, three days after the 114th Congress is sworn in.[6]

    A total of 416 incumbents sought re-election in 2014, and 393, or 94.47 percent, were successful in their re-election bids. Seven incumbent senators (including John Walsh of Montana who was appointed to the Senate in February 2014, but decided against seeking a full-term) and 41 representatives announced they would not seek re-election. Additionally, three senators and 13 representatives left office early.

    U.S. Senate[edit]

    Election results[edit]

    See also: United States Senate elections, 2014

    Who ended up with majority control of the U.S. Senate?[edit]

    All eyes were on which party would control the U.S. Senate in 2015. The Democratic-controlled Senate in the 113th Congress had a partisan breakdown of 53-45-2, with the two Independents caucusing with the Democrats. For Republicans to take the majority in the Senate, they needed to take at least six of the 36 seats up for election that were held by Democrats, and retain control of the 15 seats held by Republicans. The section updated the seat count for each party throughout the night and the vote totals in the hotly contested races.

    Rep. Bill Cassidy (R) won the Louisiana seat in a runoff election on December 6, 2014.

    U.S. Senate
    Dem. 44
    Rep. 54
    Ind. 2
    TOTAL 100
    UNDECIDED 0
    Click here for more details.
    State Before After
    Incumbent Party Winner Winner Party Seat Party Change?
    Alaska Senate Mark Begich Democratic Party Dan Sullivan Republican Party Yes
    Arkansas Senate Mark Pryor Democratic Party Tom Cotton Republican Party Yes
    Colorado Senate Mark Udall Democratic Party Cory Gardner Republican Party Yes
    Georgia Senate Saxby Chambliss* Republican Party David Perdue Republican Party No
    Iowa Senate Tom Harkin* Democratic Party Joni Ernst Republican Party Yes
    Kansas Senate Pat Roberts Republican Party Pat Roberts Republican Party No
    Kentucky Senate Mitch McConnell Republican Party Mitch McConnell Republican Party No
    Louisiana Senate Mary Landrieu Democratic Party Bill Cassidy Republican Party Yes
    Montana Senate John Walsh* Democratic Party Steve Daines Republican Party Yes
    New Hampshire Senate Jeanne Shaheen Democratic Party Jeanne Shaheen Democratic Party No
    North Carolina Senate Kay Hagan Democratic Party Thom Tillis Republican Party Yes
    South Dakota Senate Tim Johnson* Democratic Party Mike Rounds Republican Party Yes
    Virginia Senate Mark Warner Democratic Party Mark Warner Democratic Party No
    West Virginia Senate Jay Rockefeller* Democratic Party Shelley Moore Capito Republican Party Yes

    "*" indicates that the incumbent retired in 2014.

    U.S. Senate, Alabama General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJeff Sessions Incumbent 97.3% 795,606
         N/A Write-in 2.7% 22,484
    Total Votes 818,090
    Source: Alabama Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Alaska General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDan Sullivan 48% 135,445
         Democratic Mark Begich Incumbent 45.8% 129,431
         Libertarian Mark Fish 3.7% 10,512
         Independent Ted Gianoutsos 2% 5,636
         N/A Write-in 0.5% 1,376
    Total Votes 282,400
    Source: Alaska Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Arkansas General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngTom Cotton 56.5% 478,819
         Democratic Mark Pryor Incumbent 39.5% 334,174
         Libertarian Nathan LaFrance 2% 17,210
         Green Mark Swaney 2% 16,797
    Total Votes 847,000
    Source: Arkansas Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Colorado General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngCory Gardner 48.2% 983,891
         Democratic Mark Udall Incumbent 46.3% 944,203
         Libertarian Gaylon Kent 2.6% 52,876
         Independent Steve Shogan 1.4% 29,472
         Independent Raul Acosta 1.2% 24,151
         Unity Party of Colorado Bill Hammons 0.3% 6,427
    Total Votes 2,041,020
    Source: Colorado Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Delaware General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngChris Coons Incumbent 55.8% 130,655
         Republican Kevin Wade 42.2% 98,823
         Green Andrew Groff 1.9% 4,560
    Total Votes 234,038
    Source: U.S. House Clerk "2014 Election Statistics"



    U.S. Senate, Georgia General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Perdue 52.89% 1,358,088
         Democratic Michelle Nunn 45.21% 1,160,811
         Libertarian Amanda Swafford 1.90% 48,862
    Total Votes 2,567,761
    Source: Georgia Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Idaho General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJim Risch Incumbent 65.3% 285,596
         Democratic Nels Mitchell 34.7% 151,574
    Total Votes 437,170
    Source: Idaho Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Illinois General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Durbin Incumbent 53.5% 1,929,637
         Republican Jim Oberweis 42.7% 1,538,522
         Libertarian Sharon Hansen 3.8% 135,316
    Total Votes 3,603,475
    Source: Illinois Secretary of State Official Results



    U.S. Senate, Iowa General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJoni Ernst 52.1% 588,575
         Democratic Bruce Braley 43.8% 494,370
         Independent Rick Stewart 2.4% 26,815
         Libertarian Douglas Butzier 0.7% 8,232
         Independent Ruth Smith 0.5% 5,873
         Independent Bob Quast 0.4% 4,724
         Write-in Other 0.1% 1,111
    Total Votes 1,129,700
    Source: Iowa Secretary of State Official Results



    U.S. Senate, Kansas General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngPat Roberts Incumbent 53.1% 460,350
         Independent Greg Orman 42.5% 368,372
         Libertarian Randall Batson 4.3% 37,469
    Total Votes 866,191
    Source: Kansas Secretary of State Official Results



    U.S. Senate, Kentucky General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMitch McConnell Incumbent 56.2% 806,787
         Democratic Alison Lundergan Grimes 40.7% 584,698
         Libertarian David Patterson 3.1% 44,240
    Total Votes 1,435,725
    Source: Kentucky Secretary of State





    U.S. Senate, Maine General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSusan Collins Incumbent 67% 413,505
         Democratic Shenna Bellows 30.8% 190,254
         Other Other 0% 269
         Blank None 2.1% 12,968
    Total Votes 616,996
    Source: Maine Secretary of State Official Results



    U.S. Senate, Massachusetts General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngEd Markey Incumbent 59% 1,289,944
         Republican Brian Herr 36.2% 791,950
         Write-in Other 0.1% 3,078
         Blank None 4.7% 101,819
    Total Votes 2,186,791
    Source: Massachusetts Secretary of State Official Results



    U.S. Senate, Michigan General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngGary Peters 54.6% 1,704,936
         Republican Terri Lynn Land 41.3% 1,290,199
         Libertarian Jim Fulner 2% 62,897
         U.S. Taxpayers Party Richard Matkin 1.2% 37,529
         Green Chris Wahmhoff 0.8% 26,137
    Total Votes 3,121,698
    Source: Michigan Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Minnesota General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngAl Franken Incumbent 53.2% 1,053,205
         Republican Mike McFadden 42.9% 850,227
         Libertarian Heather Johnson 1.5% 29,685
         Independence Steve Carlson 2.4% 47,530
         N/A Write-in 0% 881
    Total Votes 1,981,528
    Source: Minnesota Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Mississippi General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngThad Cochran Incumbent 59.9% 378,481
         Democratic Travis Childers 37.9% 239,439
         Reform Shawn O'Hara 2.2% 13,938
    Total Votes 631,858
    Source: Mississippi Secretary of State Official Results



    U.S. Senate, Montana General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSteve Daines 57.8% 213,709
         Democratic Amanda Curtis 40.1% 148,184
         Libertarian Roger Roots 2.1% 7,933
    Total Votes 369,826
    Source: Montana Secretary of State


    U.S. Senate, Nebraska General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngBen Sasse 64.4% 347,636
         Democratic Dave Domina 31.5% 170,127
         Independent Jim Jenkins 2.9% 15,868
         Independent Todd Watson 1.2% 6,260
    Total Votes 539,891
    Source: Nebraska Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, New Hampshire General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJeanne Shaheen Incumbent 51.5% 251,184
         Republican Scott Brown 48.2% 235,347
         N/A Scatter 0.3% 1,628
    Total Votes 488,159
    Source: New Hampshire Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, New Jersey General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngCory Booker Incumbent 55.8% 1,043,866
         Republican Jeff Bell 42.3% 791,297
         Libertarian Joe Baratelli 0.9% 16,721
         Independent Jeff Boss 0.2% 4,513
         Independent Antonio N. Sabas 0.2% 3,544
         Democratic-Republican Eugene Lavergne 0.2% 3,890
         Economic Growth Hank Schroeder 0.3% 5,704
    Total Votes 1,869,535
    Source: New Jersey Division of Elections



    U.S. Senate, New Mexico General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngTom Udall Incumbent 55.6% 286,409
         Republican Allen Weh 44.4% 229,097
    Total Votes 515,506
    Source: New Mexico Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, North Carolina General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Kay Hagan Incumbent 47.3% 1,377,651
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngThom Tillis 48.8% 1,423,259
         Libertarian Sean Haugh 3.7% 109,100
         Write-in John Rhodes 0% 621
         Write-in David Waddell 0% 201
         Write-in Barry Gurney 0% 142
         Write-in Write-in (miscellaneous) 0.1% 4,307
    Total Votes 2,915,281
    Source: North Carolina State Board of Elections



    U.S. Senate, Oklahoma General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJim Inhofe Incumbent 68% 558,166
         Democratic Matt Silverstein 28.5% 234,307
         Independent Ray Woods 1.2% 9,913
         Independent Aaron DeLozier 0.9% 7,793
         Independent Joan Farr 1.3% 10,554
    Total Votes 820,733
    Source: Oklahoma State Election Board



    U.S. Senate, Oregon General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJeff Merkley Incumbent 55.7% 814,537
         Republican Monica Wehby 36.9% 538,847
         Libertarian Mike Montchalin 3.1% 44,916
         Constitution James Leuenberger 1.7% 24,212
         Green Christina Jean Lugo 2.2% 32,434
         Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 0.5% 6,672
    Total Votes 1,461,618
    Source: Oregon Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Rhode Island General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJack Reed Incumbent 70.6% 223,675
         Republican Mark Zaccaria 29.2% 92,684
         N/A Write-in 0.2% 539
    Total Votes 316,898
    Source: Rhode Island Board of Elections



    U.S. Senate, South Carolina General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngLindsey Graham Incumbent 55.3% 672,941
         Democratic Brad Hutto 37.6% 456,726
         Libertarian Victor Kocher 2.8% 33,839
         Independent Thomas Ravenel 3.9% 47,588
         N/A Write-in 0.4% 4,774
    Total Votes 1,215,868
    Source: South Carolina State Election Commission



    U.S. Senate, South Dakota General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMike Rounds 50.4% 140,741
         Democratic Rick Weiland 29.5% 82,456
         Independent Larry Pressler 17.1% 47,741
         Independent Gordon Howie 3% 8,474
    Total Votes 279,412
    Source: South Dakota Secretary of State



    U.S. Senate, Tennessee General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngLamar Alexander Incumbent 61.9% 850,087
         Democratic Gordon Ball 31.9% 437,848
         Independent Ed Gauthier 0.2% 2,314
         Independent Bartholomew Phillips 0.2% 2,386
         Independent C. Salekin 0.1% 787
         Independent Danny Page 0.6% 7,713
         Independent Eric Schechter 0.1% 1,673
         Constitution Joe Wilmoth 2.6% 36,088
         Independent Joshua James 0.4% 5,678
         Independent Rick Tyler 0.4% 5,759
         Tea Party Tom Emerson, Jr. 0.8% 11,157
         Green Martin Pleasant 0.9% 12,570
         Write-in Erin Kent Magee 0% 5
    Total Votes 1,374,065
    Source: U.S. House Clerk "2014 Election Statistics"



    U.S. Senate, Texas General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Cornyn Incumbent 61.6% 2,861,531
         Democratic David Alameel 34.4% 1,597,387
         Libertarian Rebecca Paddock 2.9% 133,751
         Green Emily Marie Sanchez 1.2% 54,701
         Write-in Mohammed Tahiro 0% 988
    Total Votes 4,648,358
    Source: U.S. House Clerk "2014 Election Statistics"



    U.S. Senate, Virginia General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngMark Warner Incumbent 49.1% 1,073,667
         Republican Ed Gillespie 48.3% 1,055,940
         Libertarian Robert Sarvis 2.4% 53,102
         N/A write-in 0.1% 1,764
    Total Votes 2,184,473
    Source: Virginia Department of Elections



    U.S. Senate, West Virginia General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngShelley Moore Capito 62.1% 281,820
         Democratic Natalie Tennant 34.5% 156,360
         Libertarian John Buckley 1.6% 7,409
         Constitution Phil Hudok 0.6% 2,566
         Mountain Bob Henry Baber 1.2% 5,504
         N/A Write-ins 0% 30
    Total Votes 453,689
    Source: U.S. House Clerk "2014 Election Statistics"



    U.S. Senate, Wyoming General Election, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMike Enzi Incumbent 72.2% 121,554
         Democratic Charlie Hardy 17.4% 29,377
         Independent Curt Gottshall 7.9% 13,311
         Libertarian Joe Porambo 2.2% 3,677
         N/A Write-in 0.3% 471
    Total Votes 168,390
    Source: Wyoming Secretary of State



    The 33 Class II U.S. Senate seats were up for election. Of those 33 seats, 20 were held by Democrats and 13 by Republican senators. Additionally, three special elections took place in 2014 to fill vacancies that occurred during the 113th Congress (Hawaii, Oklahoma and South Carolina). All three of these special elections took place on November 4, 2014, for a total of 36 Senate elections.

    For Republicans to gain control of the Senate, they needed to pick up at least six seats held by Democrats and maintain control of all Republican seats up for re-election. Unfortunately for Democratic incumbents, seven of their seats up in 2014 were in states carried by Republican Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election. Those states were: Alaska, Arkansas, Louisiana, Montana, North Carolina, South Dakota and West Virginia.[7]

    Margin of victory[edit]

    The following table shows the margin of victory for each race winner, which is calculated by examining the percentage difference between the top-two vote getters. If the race was uncontested, the margin of victory is listed as 100%. Some general facts:

    • The average margin of victory was 22.6 percent.
    • On average, Democrats won closer races than Republicans. Average MOV for Democratic winners was 18.7 percent, while Republicans had an average margin of 24.7 percent.
    • The closest race was in Virginia, where incumbent Mark Warner (D) held on to his seat, defeating Ed Gillespie by 0.8 percent of the vote.
    • The largest margin of victory was in Alabama, where incumbent Jeff Sessions (R) faced no opponent in the general election. This election marked the first time in Alabama history that the Democratic Party fielded no candidates for the U.S. Senate race.[8]


    Open seats[edit]

    Seven senators (including John Walsh of Montana who was appointed to the Senate in February 2014, but decided against seeking a full-term) announced that they would not seek re-election in 2014. In addition to the following list, four senators left office early: Max Baucus (D-MT), John Kerry (D-MA), Jim DeMint (R-SC) and Tom Coburn (R-OK). The deaths of Sens. Daniel Inouye (D-HI) and Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ), and the early resignation of Coburn, necessitated three special elections held with the 33 regular elections on November 4, 2014.

    • Democratic Party 5 Democrats
    • Republican Party 2 Republicans
    Name:Party:Office:
    Carl LevinElectiondot.png Democratic U.S. Senator Michigan
    Jay RockefellerElectiondot.png Democratic U.S. Senate West Virginia
    John WalshElectiondot.png Democratic U.S. Senate Montana
    Mike JohannsEnds.png Republican U.S. Senate Nebraska
    Saxby ChamblissEnds.png Republican U.S. Senate Georgia
    Tim JohnsonElectiondot.png Democratic U.S. Senate South Dakota
    Tom HarkinElectiondot.png Democratic U.S. Senator Iowa


    U.S. Senate Partisan Breakdown
    Party As of 2014 Election After the 2014 Election
         Democratic Party 53 44
         Republican Party 45 54
         Independent 2 2
    Total 100 100
    This map shows the Senate seats up for election in 2014. The red and blue colors indicate whether the seat was held by a Republican or a Democrat, respectively.

    Race ratings[edit]

    Cook Political Report[edit]

    Each month the Cook Political Report released race ratings for President, U.S. Senate, U.S. House (competitive only) and Governors in 2014. There were seven possible designations:[9]

         Solid D
         Likely D
         Lean D

         Tossup

         Lean R
         Likely R
         Solid R

    Cook Political Report Race Rating -- U.S. Senate
    Month Solid D Likely D Lean D Tossup Lean R Likely R Solid R Total D Total R Total races
    June 27, 2013[10] 6 5 6 3 0 4 11 17 15 35
    August 2, 2013[11] 7 4 6 2 3 2 11 17 16 35
    October 17, 2013[12] 7 4 6 2 3 2 11 17 16 35
    December 19, 2013[13] 7 5 4 3 3 1 12 16 16 35
    February 7, 2014[14] 6 6 4 3 3 1 13 16 17 36
    February 27, 2014[15] 6 5 5 3 3 1 13 16 17 36
    March 19, 2014[16] 8 2 3 7 2 2 12 13 16 36
    April 25, 2014[17] 8 2 2 8 2 2 12 12 16 36
    August 15, 2014[18] 7 3 1 9 2 3 11 11 16 36
    September 19, 2014[19] 7 3 1 9 1 3 12 11 16 36
    October 17, 2014[20] 7 3 1 10 1 2 12 11 15 36

    Campaign finance[edit]

    October 2014[edit]

    Politico highlighted the following fundraising figures for the third quarter 2014 reports:

    August 2014[edit]

    According to OpenSecrets.org, below were the races that had the most satellite spending. They included the U.S. Senate races in North Carolina, Kentucky, Mississippi, Georgia and Arkansas.

    List of the races that received the most in independent expenditures, according to OpenSecrets.org.

    July 2014[edit]

    In July 2014, Politico released the highlights from the second quarter 2014 fundraising reports. They included:[22]

    April 2014[edit]

    According to an April 2014 Politico report, vulnerable Democrats were being outraised by Republican challengers.[23] The candidates highlighted in the article were:

    August 2013[edit]

    An August 2013 Politico report reported that the 27 incumbents running for re-election in 2014 had together raised about $125 million by the end of June 2013.[24] The report also found that 2014 may be the most expensive midterm election to date, pointing to the fact that the total amount raised for incumbents seeking re-election was $30 million more than at the same point in 2012 and on par with the amount they had raised in 2010.[24]

    The incumbents highlighted in the article were:[24]

    April 2013[edit]

    According to an April 2013 Politico report, incumbent Democrats in red states raised "millions" in the first three months of 2013.[25] The candidates highlighted in the article were:

    • Democratic Party Mary Landrieu (LA) had raised $1.2 million and had $3.5 million cash on hand
    • Democratic Party Mark Pryor (AR) had raised $1.9 million and had $3.4 million cash on hand
    • Democratic Party Kay Hagan (NC) had raised $1.6 million and had $2.7 million cash on hand
    • Democratic Party Mark Begich (AK) had raised $948,000 and had $1.5 million cash on hand[25]

    DSCC and NRSC[edit]

    Both the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) and the National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) work to elect candidates from their respective parties to the U.S. Senate.

    Fundraising numbers[edit]

    September 2014[edit]

    The DSCC raised $16 million in September, while the NRSC was on their heels with $15.5. Both organizations had the highest September hauls in the organizations' histories.[26]

    July 2014[edit]

    The DSCC had its strongest second quarter in organization history, raising $21.7 million during the quarter. As of July 2014, the DSCC had raised $70.3 million in the 2014 cycle, while the NRSC had raised $68.6 million in 2014.[27]

    April 2014[edit]

    The DSCC outraised the NRSC, $6.3 million to $6.04 million. In April, the DSCC ended the month with $25 million on hand, while the NRSC had $21.9 million in the bank. Both organizations remained debt-free.[28]

    October 2013[edit]

    The DSCC outraised their GOP counterpart, the NRSC, by one million dollars in October 2013. The DSCC raised $4.8 million compared to the NRSC's $3.8 million. This was the organization's best off-year October in their history.

    At that time, the DSCC had raised $14 million more than the NRSC, a total of $43.5 million raised. They reported $11.1 million cash on hand. However, the organization was also carrying $6.2 million in debt. The NRSC had $5 million cash on hand at the end of October 2013.[29]

    July 2013 memo[edit]

    In July 2013, NRSC president, Rob Collins, circulated a memo to top donors outlining the path to a majority in the Senate for the Republican Party. From the memo:

    "Montana now joins West Virginia and South Dakota as the third red-state where Democrats have not only failed to land their top candidates, but to recruit a candidate capable of winning a general election matchup."

    Collins reiterated that Republicans needed to win just three seats in states with incumbent Democratic senators.[30]


    U.S. House[edit]

    See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 2014

    Did the Democratic Party reduce the Republican U.S. House majority?[edit]

    All 435 U.S. House of Representatives seats were up for election. Republicans went into the election with a 233-199 majority (with three vacancies). Democrats failed to pick up 19 seats to flip control and instead lost seats. On this page, Ballotpedia tracked the districts identified as battleground districts. Below the battleground chart, we also tracked unexpectedly close races that developed throughout election night.

    Note: The tables below were updated in real-time on election night. As races were called, we updated the partisan count totals.

    U.S. House
    Dem. 188
    Rep. 247
    Ind. 0
    TOTAL 435
    Click here for more details.
    State Before After
    Incumbent Party Winner Winner Party District Party Change?
    Arizona's 1st District Ann Kirkpatrick Democratic Party Ann Kirkpatrick Democratic Party No
    Arizona's 2nd District Ron Barber Democratic Party Martha McSally Republican Party Yes
    Arizona's 9th District Kyrsten Sinema Democratic Party Kyrsten Sinema Democratic Party No
    California's 7th District Ami Bera Democratic Party Ami Bera Democratic Party No
    California's 21st District David Valadao Republican Party David Valadao Republican Party No
    California's 36th District Raul Ruiz Democratic Party Raul Ruiz Democratic Party No
    California's 52nd District Scott Peters Democratic Party Scott Peters Democratic Party No
    Colorado's 6th District Mike Coffman Republican Party Mike Coffman Republican Party No
    Florida's 18th District Patrick Murphy Democratic Party Patrick Murphy Democratic Party No
    Florida's 26th District Joe Garcia Democratic Party Carlos Curbelo Republican Party Yes
    Illinois' 12th District William Enyart Democratic Party Mike Bost Republican Party Yes
    Illinois' 13th District Rodney Davis Republican Party Rodney Davis Republican Party No
    Michigan's 1st District Dan Benishek Republican Party Dan Benishek Republican Party No
    Minnesota's 8th District Rick Nolan Democratic Party Rick Nolan Democratic Party No
    Nevada's 3rd District Joe Heck Republican Party Joe Heck Republican Party No
    New Hampshire's 1st District Carol Shea-Porter Democratic Party Frank Guinta Republican Party Yes
    New Jersey's 2nd District Frank LoBiondo Republican Party Frank LoBiondo Republican Party No
    New Jersey's 3rd District Jon Runyan* Republican Party Tom MacArthur Republican Party No
    New York's 1st District Tim Bishop Democratic Party Lee Zeldin Republican Party Yes
    New York's 11th District Michael Grimm Republican Party Michael Grimm Republican Party No
    New York's 18th District Sean Maloney Democratic Party Sean Maloney Democratic Party No
    New York's 21st District Bill Owens* Democratic Party Elise Stefanik Republican Party Yes
    New York's 23rd District Tom Reed Republican Party Tom Reed Republican Party No
    Texas' 23rd District Pete Gallego Democratic Party Will Hurd Republican Party Yes
    Virginia's 2nd District Scott Rigell Republican Party Scott Rigell Republican Party No
    West Virginia's 3rd District Nick Rahall Democratic Party Evan Jenkins Republican Party Yes

    "*" indicates that the incumbent retired in 2014.

    Expected seat changes[edit]

    These are districts where a change in party was expected due to a very vulnerable incumbent. These races were not rated as battlegrounds because they were likely to flip control.

    District Before After
    Incumbent Party Winner Winner Party
    North Carolina's 7th District Mike McIntyre (Retiring) Democratic Party David Rouzer Republican Party
    Utah's 4th District Jim Matheson (Retiring) Democratic Party Mia Love Republican Party
    West Virginia's 3rd District Nick Rahall Democratic Party Evan Jenkins Republican Party

    Incumbents who lost[edit]

    Partisanship of the losing incumbents:

    • Republican Party 3
    • Democratic Party 11
    District Before After
    Incumbent Party Winner Winner Party
    Arizona's 2nd District Ron Barber Democratic Party Martha McSally Republican Party
    Florida's 2nd District Steve Southerland Republican Party Gwen Graham Democratic Party
    Florida's 26th District Joe Garcia Democratic Party Carlos Curbelo Republican Party
    Georgia's 12th District John Barrow Democratic Party Rick Allen Republican Party
    Illinois' 10th District Brad Schneider Democratic Party Robert Dold Republican Party
    Illinois' 12th District Bill Enyart Democratic Party Mike Bost Republican Party
    Louisiana's 5th District Vance McAllister Republican Party Ralph Abraham Republican Party
    Nebraska's 2nd District Lee Terry Republican Party Brad Ashford Democratic Party
    Nevada's 4th District Steven Horsford Democratic Party Cresent Hardy Republican Party
    New Hampshire's 1st District Carol Shea-Porter Democratic Party Frank Guinta Republican Party
    New York's 1st District Tim Bishop Democratic Party Lee Zeldin Republican Party
    Texas' 23rd District Pete Gallego Democratic Party Will Hurd Republican Party
    New York's 24th District Dan Maffei Democratic Party John Katko Republican Party
    West Virginia's 3rd District Nick Rahall Democratic Party Evan Jenkins Republican Party

    Democrats hoped to survive a possible referendum on the Obama Administration’s Affordable Care Act and not lose further ground in the Republican-dominated U.S. House of Representatives during the November 4, 2014 general election. All 435 seats of the U.S. House were up for election.

    U.S. House Partisan Breakdown
    Party As of 2014 Election After the 2014 Election
         Democratic Party 201 188
         Republican Party 234 247
         Vacancy 0 0
    Total 435 435

    Margin of victory[edit]

    The following table shows the margin of victory for each race winner, which is calculated by examining the percentage difference between the top-two vote getters. If the race was uncontested, the margin of victory is listed as 100%. Some general facts:

    • The average margin of victory was 35.8 percent.
    • On average, Republicans won slightly closer races than Republicans. Average MOV for Republican winners was 35 percent, while Democrats had an average margin of 36.9 percent.
    • The closest race was in Arizona's 2nd Congressional District, where Martha McSally (R) unseated incumbent Ron Barber (D) by 0.1 percent of the vote.


    Battleground study[edit]

    See also: U.S. House battleground districts, 2014
    The purple districts on the Census district map were those found to be competitive in Ballotpedia's study.

    Five criteria[edit]

    A district must have met one or more of the following criteria:

    1. If a district had all six quantifiable predictions/results highlighted (Cook, Fairvote, MOV, 2012 presidential, 2008 presidential, and incumbent years in office) and four were of the most competitive nature, purple, they automatically made the cut.

    Nineteen districts fit in this category.

    2. The district was considered competitive if it had all six quantifiable predictions/results highlighted (Cook, Fairvote, MOV, 2012 presidential, 2008 presidential and incumbent years in office) with three of the highlighted factors being most competitive (purple) and two being intermediate competitive (orange). The district must also have had a “special factor” (high outside spending, redistricting) to be added to the most competitive list.

    Two districts fit into this category.

    3. Anomalies: This included Republicans or Democrats in a district that otherwise trended heavily toward the other party. The district must also have had some other qualifying factor, such as an MOV of ten percent or less, an incumbent who had served less than ten years or a competitive 2014 candidate. Both Utah's 4th Congressional District and North Carolina's 7th Congressional District were examples of this before Reps. Jim Matheson and Mike McIntyre announced their retirements.

    One district fits into this category.

    4. Presidential differences: A district that may not have had all the categories highlighted, but voted for the other party in the most recent presidential election and the numbers were tight for the incumbent (redistricting was also factored in here).

    One district was considered “Most Competitive” based only on this factor.

    5. Recent effects of redistricting: This was relevant to three districts (IL-12, IL-13 and MN-08). Redistricting in the past three years caused these districts to be extremely tight and had the opportunity for a very close midterm election (the first midterm cycle these new districts will be going through).

    Three districts were pushed into the most competitive list because of this, just missing meeting the other criteria listed above.


    The 26 most competitive[edit]

    • Cook's PVI is Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index.[31]
    • FairVote's %D is FairVote.org's 2014 congressional election projections.[32]
    • Both the 2012 and 2008 presidential MOV have either "✓" or "-" before the number. The "✓" indicates the district went in favor of the winner, in both years this was President Obama. The "-" indicates the district favored the Republican who lost in each election, Romney in 2012 and McCain in 2008.

    DCCC & NRCC fundraising[edit]

    April 2014[edit]

    In the month of April 2014, the NRCC reported raising $4.1 million, falling short of the $7.1 million the DCCC raised. The NRCC ended the month with $32.3 million cash in the bank, while the DCCC had $43.5 on hand.

    The DCCC brought in over $20 million more than the NRCC overall during this election cycle.[33]

    December 2013[edit]

    As of December 2, 2013, the NRCC reported raising $52,404,530 and spending $35,697,047, leaving it with $18,242,094 cash on hand.[34] Comparatively, the DCCC reported raising $65,202,181 and spending $41,423,695, leaving it with $25,266,707 cash on hand.[35]

    September 2013[edit]

    The DCCC raised $8.4 million in September compared to the $5.3 million the NRCC raised during the same period. This brought the total raised for 2013 through the third quarter to $58.2 million for the DCCC compared to the NRCC's $42.6 million. As for cash on hand, the DCCC still had an edge: $21.6 million to NRCC's $15.7 million.[36]

    August 2013[edit]

    According to an Open Secrets report on FEC filings released on August 13, 2013, the DCCC had raised $40.8 million to the NRCC's $34.3 million.[37]

    July 2013[edit]

    As of July 2013, the DCCC had outraised the NRCC by $6.5 million.[38]

    April 2013[edit]

    The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) gained an early fundraising advantage in the first quarter of 2013. It outraised the National Republican Congressional Committee $22.6 million to $17.5 million. Party strategists attributed the edge to Democrats' advantage in internet fundraising and small-dollar donations. Additionally vulnerable Democratic incumbents lead their endangered Republican counterparts in a majority of races.[39]

    Outside race ratings[edit]

    Cook Political Report[edit]

    Each month the Cook Political Report released race ratings for U.S. Senate and U.S. House (competitive only) elections. The races detailed below were only those considered competitive. There were six possible designations.

         Likely Democratic
         Lean Democratic
         D Tossup

         R Tossup
         Lean Republican
         Likely Republican

    Cook Political Report Race Rating -- 2014 U.S. House Competitive Districts
    Month Likely D Lean D D Tossup R Tossup Lean R Likely R Total D Total R Total Competitive races
    August 8, 2013[40] 14 16 8 1 11 17 28 29 57
    September 5, 2013[41] 14 15 9 1 11 17 38 29 67
    October 21, 2013[42] 14 15 9 1 11 17 36 34 70
    October 30, 2013[43] 12 15 10 2 16 16 37 34 71
    December 18, 2013[44] 14 14 10 4 15 15 38 34 72
    January 7, 2014[45] 14 15 10 4 16 16 39 36 75
    January 15, 2014[46] 14 14 11 4 16 18 39 38 77
    February 13, 2014[47] 14 13 11 4 16 18 38 38 76
    March 13, 2014[48] 15 13 11 3 16 18 39 37 76
    April 4, 2014[49] 15 13 11 3 17 19 39 39 78
    June 26, 2014[50] 16 14 11 2 16 18 41 36 77
    August 8, 2014[51] 15 13 13 3 9 17 41 29 70
    September 19, 2014[52] 14 13 11 4 8 18 38 30 68
    October 22, 2014[53] 11 14 13 5 6 15 38 26 64

    Sabato's Crystal Ball[edit]

    Each month the Crystal Ball released race ratings for U.S. Senate, U.S. House (competitive only) and Governors. There were seven possible designations:[54]

         Likely Democratic
         Lean Democratic
         D Tossup

         R Tossup
         Lean Republican
         Likely Republican

    Sabato's Crystal Ball Race Rating -- U.S. House
    Month Likely D Lean D D Tossup R Tossup Lean R Likely R Total D Total R Total Competitive races
    October 23, 2013[55] 7 20 5 3 15 12 32 30 62
    December 17, 2013[56] 8 19 5 6 14 14 32 34 66
    January 7, 2014[57] 8 19 5 7 14 14 32 35 67
    March 12, 2014[58] 10 15 7 5 14 15 32 34 66
    March 31, 2014[59] 10 15 7 5 15 16 32 36 68
    August 6, 2014[60] 9 13 10 3 11 16 32 30 62


    Party targets[edit]

    DCCC Frontline[edit]

    The DCCC's Frontline Program was designed to help vulnerable incumbents win re-election. The following table lists the members of the Frontline Program.

    DCCC Jumpstart[edit]

    The DCCC's Jumpstart Program provided early support to candidates during the beginning stages of the 2014 election cycle.[61]

    NRCC Patriot[edit]

    The NRCC's Patriot Program was the counterpart of the DCCC's Frontline Program and was designed to assist vulnerable incumbents in their re-election bids. The following table lists the members of the Patriot Program in 2014.

    NRCC targets[edit]

    The following Democratic incumbents were targeted by the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) in 2014.

    National Republican Congressional Committee, Targeted incumbents
    District Targeted incumbent November 4 Results
    Arizona's 1st District Ann Kirkpatrick Ann Kirkpatrick
    Arizona's 2nd District Ron Barber Martha McSally
    Georgia's 12th District John Barrow Rick Allen
    Minnesota's 7th District Collin Peterson Collin Peterson
    North Carolina's 7th District Mike McIntyre David Rouzer
    Utah's 4th District Jim Matheson Mia Love
    West Virginia's 3rd District Nick Rahall Evan Jenkins

    Nick Rahall
    In September 2013, the NRCC issued a press release in response to Rahall, one of the organization's main targets in 2014, mistaking an umbrella for a lump of coal during a press conference. The press release stated:

    "But Barack Obama, the EPA, and Nick Rahall aren’t waging a war on umbrellas – they are waging a war on coal. And yesterday, Bloomberg reported a new front opening in that war – the EPA is set to issue a rule that will completely halt the development of new coal-fueled plants by requiring they meet unachievable carbon standards."[62]

    Media mentions[edit]

    Across the country, media and experts published stories that chronicled the incumbents that were in danger of losing their bid for re-election. Some of those incumbents mentioned included:[63]

    "The Monkey Cage"[edit]

    In December 2013, John Sides' column, "The Monkey Cage," a blog published by The Washington Post, released his first predictions for the 2014 elections. Sides and Eric McGhee, a political scientist, developed a forecasting model that uses numerous factors, including: presidential popularity, economic growth and whether it is a presidential or midterm election cycle.

    • September 2014:[64]
      • Democrats would win 191 seats, for a loss of ten seats.
    • December 2013:[65]
      • Democrats would win approximately 48 percent of the popular vote for the House.
      • Democrats would win 196 seats, for a loss of five seats.

    Independent expenditures in 2014[edit]

    According to OpenSecrets.org, three of the five organizations donating the most in independent expenditures were conservative organizations (as denoted in the chart by the L, for liberal, or C, for conservative, under the "View" column).

    List of the top independent expenditure players in mid-2014 according to OpenSecrets.org.

    Primary elections[edit]

    See also: At least 52 new members will walk the halls of the U.S. Congress in 2015

    Only four U.S. Representatives and no U.S. Senators were defeated in their primaries during the 2014 election cycle. One article from National Journal suggests that, despite the small number of defeats, incumbents have been gradually losing their advantage. The article states, "Fewer and fewer incumbents are running unopposed each election, and the rate of incumbents finishing under 60 or 70 percent in their primaries has more than doubled in recent elections."[66] Studies on the competitiveness of U.S. House primaries further support this conclusion. According to a 2013 Ballotpedia study on contested primaries, in the four congressional elections between 2004 and 2010, an average of only 26.3 percent of incumbents faced primary challengers. By 2012, this percentage had almost doubled, with 51.40 percent of incumbents facing primary challengers.

    Incumbents defeated in 2014 primary elections[edit]

    Republican Party Ralph Hall[edit]

    Ralph Hall.jpg

    Name: Ralph Hall (R-TX)
    Office: U.S. Representative for Texas' 4th Congressional District
    Years in office: 1981-present
    2014 election: Texas' 4th Congressional District elections, 2014
    Defeated by: John Ratcliffe

    Ralph Hall was defeated by John Ratcliffe in a runoff primary on May 27, 2014, after failing to secure 50 percent of the vote in the initial Republican primary on March 4. Hall, 91, is the oldest U.S. Representative in history, and one of only two remaining World War II veterans in Congress.[67] Hall had previously run as a Democrat before switching to the Republican Party in 2004.[68] Ratcliffe, Hall's tea party-backed challenger, formerly served as the mayor of Heath, Texas, as a U.S. Attorney and as the Chief of Anti-Terrorism and National Security for the Eastern District of Texas.[69] Although Ratcliffe trailed by 16.6 percent in the Republican primary, he jumped ahead in the runoff, defeating Hall by a 5.6 percent margin of victory.[70] In addition to large personal loans to his campaign, Ratcliffe had support from conservative groups such as Club for Growth and the Senate Conservatives Fund.[71] Hall had promised to make 2014 his last term in office, and he stated regarding his loss, "I’m not hurt about it. I’m not really terribly surprised about it, and I’m not happy about it. I’m going to keep on doing my job and coming home and visiting people that I love."[72]


    U.S. House, Texas District 4 Republican Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Green check mark transparent.pngRalph Hall Incumbent 45.4% 29,848
    Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Ratcliffe 28.8% 18,917
    Lou Gigliotti 16.1% 10,601
    John Stacy 4.3% 2,812
    Brent Lawson 3.5% 2,290
    Tony Arterburn 1.9% 1,252
    Total Votes 65,720
    Source: Texas Secretary of State
    U.S. House, Texas District 4 Runoff Republican Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Ratcliffe 52.8% 22,271
    Ralph Hall Incumbent 47.2% 19,899
    Total Votes 42,170
    Source: Texas Secretary of State
    Note: Vote totals above are unofficial and will be updated once official totals are made available.


    Republican Party Eric Cantor[edit]

    Eric Cantor.JPG

    Name: Eric Cantor (R-VA)
    Office: U.S. Representative for Virginia's 7th Congressional District
    Years in office: 2001-2014
    2014 election: Virginia's 7th Congressional District elections, 2014
    Defeated by: David Brat

    Eric Cantor's loss to David Brat in the Republican primary on June 10, 2014, was the biggest and most shocking upset of the 2014 primary season, making Cantor the first-ever sitting House Majority Leader to lose a primary bid.[73] Leading up to the election, Cantor had a significant financial advantage, having spent around $1 million in the weeks prior to the primary. Brat, in contrast, had raised only about $100,000 during his entire primary campaign.[74] Brat, an economics professor at Randolph-Macon College, had never before run for public office, and he did not receive any donations from political action committees (PACs).[75] Though he had a disadvantage in these areas, as well as name recognition, Brat attributed his success to his grassroots efforts and spending large amounts of time knocking on doors and talking with constituents. In an interview with Sean Hannity of Fox News, Brat explained, "The good news is dollars don't vote, people do."[76]

    Cantor stepped down from his position as House Majority Leader on July 31, 2014, and resigned from the U.S. House of Representatives on August 18, 2014. Kevin McCarthy of California took over the position of House Majority Leader after Cantor's resignation.[77]


    U.S. House, Virginia District 7 Republican Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Brat 55.5% 36,110
    Eric Cantor Incumbent 44.5% 28,898
    Total Votes 65,008
    Source: Results via Associated Press


    Republican Party Kerry Bentivolio[edit]

    Kerry Bentivolio.jpg

    Name: Kerry Bentivolio (R-MI)
    Office: U.S. Representative for Michigan's 11th Congressional District
    Years in office: 2013-present
    2014 election: Michigan's 11th Congressional District elections, 2014
    Defeated by: Dave Trott

    Of the four incumbents who were defeated in primaries in 2014, Kerry Bentivolio lost by the widest margin. Bentivolio lost to Dave Trott in the Republican primary on August 5, 2014, by a margin of 32.6 percent.[78] While it was common in the 2014 Republican primaries to see a tea party-backed challenger taking on the Republican "establishment" incumbent, Michigan's 11th District turned this narrative on its head. Bentivolio's spokesman explained the race from the incumbent's perspective, saying, "This is really a race about the establishment versus the tea party. It just so happens that the incumbent is the member of the tea party who is being targeted by a wealthy foreclosure attorney who simply wants to be a congressman."[79] Bentivolio had received many negative headlines throughout his term. He had often been referred to as an "accidental" congressman, referring to his 2012 election, when he easily won the Republican nomination after incumbent Thaddeus McCotter submitted invalid signatures and chose to resign. Bentivolio was also known for being a reindeer farmer and Santa Claus impersonator.[80]


    U.S. House, Michigan District 11 Republican Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Kerry Bentivolio Incumbent 33.6% 21,254
    Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Trott 66.4% 42,008
    Total Votes 63,262
    Source: Michigan Secretary of State


    Democratic Party John Tierney[edit]

    John F Tierney.jpg

    Name: John Tierney (D-MA)
    Office: U.S. Representative for Massachusetts' 6th Congressional District
    Years in office: 1997-present
    2014 election: Massachusetts' 6th Congressional District elections, 2014
    Defeated by: Seth Moulton

    John Tierney was the only Democratic congressman to lose his primary election in 2014. On September 9, 2014, Seth Moulton, a former Marine and a veteran of the Iraq War, defeated Tierney by 7.9 percent, making Tierney the fourth and final incumbent to be defeated in the 2014 primary election season.[81] Tierney was a vulnerable incumbent in 2012 and won re-election by a mere 1.1 percent margin of victory against Republican Richard Tisei, who is running again in 2014.[82] In 2011, Tierney's wife was involved in a scandal, when she served time in jail for "aiding and abetting the filing of false tax returns" for her brother, Robert Eremian, who was accused of running an illegal gambling business.[83]

    Both Tierney and Moulton ran well-financed campaigns, raising $1.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.[84] Tierney led in the Democratic primary polls, and had support from influential Democrats, such as Sen. Elizabeth Warren from Massachusetts and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi from California.[85]


    The primary elections included:

    See also: Contested primaries in U.S. Congressional elections, 2014 and Signature requirements and deadlines for 2014 U.S. Congress elections

    September 9, 2014

    August 26, 2014

    August 19, 2014

    August 12, 2014

    August 9, 2014

    August 7, 2014

    August 5, 2014

    June 24, 2014

    June 10, 2014

    June 3, 2014

    May 20, 2014

    May 6, 2014

    March 18, 2014

    March 4, 2014

    Five primaries to watch[edit]

    Politico published a list of the five primaries to watch in 2014. Of their five predictions, only one of the incumbents (Rep. John Tierney) was defeated.[86]

    Results: Simpson defeated Smith by over 23 percentage points.
    U.S. House, Idaho District 2 Republican Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Green check mark transparent.pngMike Simpson Incumbent 61.6% 48,632
    Bryan Smith 38.4% 30,263
    Total Votes 78,895
    Source: Idaho Secretary of State
    Results: Despite the high profile endorsements, Shuster won by over 15 percentage points.
    U.S. House, Pennsylvania District 9 Republican Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Green check mark transparent.pngBill Shuster Incumbent 52.8% 24,106
    Art Halvorson 34.5% 15,761
    Travis Schooley 12.7% 5,802
    Total Votes 45,669
    Source: Results via Associated Press
    Results: The predictions were correct. The race came down to the two Democratic front runners. In California's blanket primary system, both Ro Khanna and Rep. Mike Honda advanced to the general election.
    U.S. House, California District 17 Primary, 2014
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngMike Honda Incumbent 48.2% 43,607
         Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngRo Khanna 28% 25,384
         Republican Vanila Singh 17% 15,359
         Republican Joel Vanlandingham 6.8% 6,154
    Total Votes 90,504
    Source: California Secretary of State
    Results: In what truly was a competitive race, DesJarlais won by just over 30 votes.
    U.S. House, Tennessee District 4 Republican Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Green check mark transparent.pngScott DesJarlais Incumbent 44.9% 34,793
    Jim Tracy 44.8% 34,755
    John Anderson 5.9% 4,592
    Steve Lane 1.9% 1,483
    David Tate 1.2% 938
    Michael Warden 0.9% 659
    Oluyomi Faparusi 0.4% 284
    Total Votes 77,504
    Source: Tennessee Secretary of State
    Results: Tierney was defeated in the primary by Seth Moulton.
    U.S. House, Massachusetts District 6 Democratic Primary, 2014
    Candidate Vote % Votes
    Green check mark transparent.pngSeth Moulton 50.8% 36,575
    John Tierney Incumbent 40.1% 28,915
    Marisa DeFranco 6% 4,293
    John Devine 2.1% 1,527
    John Gutta 1% 691
    All others 0% 36
    Total Votes 72,037
    Source: Massachusetts Elections Division


    Congressional polling[edit]

    Congressional Approval Rating
    Poll Total Approve Total Disapprove Margin of Error Sample Size
    The Economist/YouGov (December 13-15, 2014) 11 72 +/-4.5 1000
    The Economist/YouGov Poll (August 16-18, 2014) 11 71 +/-4.6 1000
    Gallup (June 5-8, 2014) 16 81 +/-4 1027
    The Economist/YouGov (March 29-31, 2014) 8 76 +/-4.5 1000
    The Economist/YouGov (February 22-24, 2014) 10 74 +/-4.5 710
    The Economist/YouGov (January 11-13, 2014) 8 77 +/-4.3 696
    Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

    Republicans in Congress[edit]

    In a September 2014 poll, 72 percent of Americans were unhappy with Republicans in the 113th Congress. This is compared to 61 percent who disapproved of Democrats in Congress.[87]

    Constituent approval[edit]

    During the shutdown, Americans' disapproval rating of their own congressmen reached a new high, with almost as many people stating disapproval of their member (43%) to approval (44%). The Gallup poll concluded:

    "While members of Congress may continue to argue that problems with the image of the body as a whole is not their fault, and that they are doing nothing more than faithfully representing their particular constituents, it is clear that even their own constituents are less positive about the job they are doing than they were in the past."

    After October shutdown[edit]

    United States budget debate, 2013

    A USA TODAY/Princeton Survey Research Poll, taken October 17-21, 2013, came to the following post-shutdown conclusions:

    • 54% of Americans blamed both parties, 29% blamed solely Republicans and just 12% placed the blame squarely on the Democrats' shoulders.
    • Despite only 4% of Americans' belief that Congress would change for the worse if current members were replaced by all new members, 52% of respondents said it made no difference on whether they would vote for their incumbent in the next election.[88]

    Healthcare.gov polling[edit]

    See also: Healthcare.gov website rollout

    After the numerous problems the Healthcare.gov website dealt with after the initial rollout on October 1, 2013, approval for the Affordable Care Act remained low at the end of 2013. According to a CBS News/New York Times poll in December 2013, more Americans continued to disapprove of the 2010 legislation than approve of it: 50% to 39%, respectively.

    "Haters" polling[edit]

    According to a December 2013 Washington Post-ABC News poll, 72 percent of voters who disapproved of both parties at the federal level said that they would vote for a Republican if the election were held today. Only 14 percent said they would vote for the Democrat.[89]

    Issues in 2014[edit]

    Government shutdown[edit]

    Government shutdown[edit]

    See also United States budget debate, 2013

    Beginning in August 2013, House and Senate members began discussing the possibility of a government shutdown over the funding of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). On September 20, Republicans passed a spending bill in the House that funds the government until December, but strips funding from Obamacare. When Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) announced that the Senate would hold a procedural vote on Wednesday, September 24, many senators began to announce their positions on voting against a cloture, the motion to end debate on a bill. After Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) gave a marathon speech, the motion for cloture was accepted and Reid was able to strip the Obamacare defunding language contained in the Republican House members' continuing resolution (CR).

    Following the successful cloture vote and the Senate subsequently sending a clean continuing resolution back to the House, the two chambers began a high-stakes game of hot potato. By September 30, the House had voted and sent three resolutions to the Senate that all were struck down. The Senate then sent back a clean resolution stripped of any healthcare defunding language. With Obamacare being the issue-at-hand, Congress was unable to agree on whether a resolution would fund the landmark healthcare law.[90]

    In the midst of the government shutdown in October 2013, talks began regarding the need to increase the debt ceiling.[91][92] Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) drafted a proposal that would have addressed both the budget shutdown, through the repeal of the medical device tax, and a plan to increase the debt ceiling through January 2014. Collins explained, "I’m hearing from many Democrats that if there were a way to deal somehow with the debt limit as well as part of this plan that that would be helpful. And obviously time is of the essence."[93] Although her plan was ultimately rejected by Senate Democrats, her framework began a bipartisan effort to draft a resolution. Ultimately, Sens. Harry Reid and Mitch McConnell were able to propose a plan on October 16.[94]

    A deal was reached late on October 16, just hours before the debt ceiling deadline. The government reopened.

    Polling during the shutdown[edit]

    Congressional approval rating
    Poll Total approve Total disapproveMargin of errorSample size
    AP-GfK (October 3-7, 2013)
    		 5%83%+/-3.41,227
    Gallup (October 3-6, 2013)
    		 11%85%+/-41,028
    CNN/ORC (September 27-29, 2013)
    		 10%87%+/-3.5803
    CBS/New York Times (September 19-23, 2013)
    		 14%80%+/-31,014
    The Economist/YouGov (September 21-23, 2013)
    		 9%72%+/-5.1690
    AVERAGES 9.8% 81.4% +/-3.8 952.4
    Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

    Approval of own congressmen[edit]

    During the shutdown, American's disapproval rating of their own congressmen reached new a new high, with almost as many people stating disapproval of their member (43%) to approval (44%). The Gallup poll concluded:

    "While members of Congress may continue to argue that problems with the image of the body as a whole is not their fault, and that they are doing nothing more than faithfully representing their particular constituents, it is clear that even their own constituents are less positive about the job they are doing than they were in the past."

    Affordable Care Act[edit]

    For senators up for re-election in 2014, this was the first election since the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This may have been problematic for Democratic senators who voted in favor of the bill in states where it was no longer popular. Among these senators included:

    [95]

    Sen. Lee letter[edit]

    In July 2013, Lee authored a letter, which was signed by 14 Republican senators, which promised a government shutdown unless the Affordable Care Act was defunded. The senators up for re-election in 2014 who signed the letter were:

    Healthcare.gov rollout[edit]

    See also: Healthcare.gov website rollout

    The open enrollment period ended on March 31, 2014. The penalty, payable to the federal government, for not being enrolled in a health insurance plan by March 31 was either $95 or 1 percent of income, whichever was greater.[96] The White House stated anyone selecting a plan before the deadline would not be subject to the penalty.[97] In March 2014, however, the administration announced that uninsured people were allowed to enroll in plans into April as long as they had a plan selected on the website by March 31.[98]


    The rollout date was met with high demand for the website, both by those seeking insurance and those curious to see how the site worked. Attempts to use the website resulted in errors, including:

    • Error messages while creating an account and trying to log in
    • Data transfer problems from the exchange to healthcare providers
    • Errors in price quotes when not logged in
    • Lack of ability to sign up directly through individual insurance providers

    In an October 30, 2013, hearing before the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius stated, "Hold me accountable for the debacle. I’m responsible."[99]

    The first official report from the Obama administration was released November 13, 2013, covering October enrollment numbers. The report stated 26,794 users completed enrollment through the Healthcare.gov federal exchange. Another 79,391 users were able to enroll in the 15 state exchanges, bringing the total enrollment to 106,185 in October. Prior to rollout, the administration estimated 500,000 would sign up in the first month.[100][101]

    On November 22, 2013, the Obama administration announced an eight-day extension on completing applications for coverage starting January 1, 2014. The deadline to complete the application was moved from December 15 to December 23, 2013. Additionally, the 2014 open enrollment period was pushed back from the original October 15 start date to November 15, 2014, just after midterm elections.[102] On November 25, 2013, the administration announced the Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP) would be delayed by one year. The program was supposed to be rolled out in October 2013 but was delayed until November 2014. The small business program delay did not impact states with state-run exchanges.[103]

    On April 10, 2014, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius resigned from her post as a result of the troubled rollout of Obamacare.[104]

    Senate Conservative Fund targets[edit]

    The Senate Conservative Fund targeted Sens. Isakson (R-GA), Graham (R-SC), Alexander (R-TN) and Burr (R-NC) in August 2013 with two weeks of radio ads designed to push Senate Republicans to support Utah's Mike Lee (Utah)'s effort to defund Obamacare.[105]

    ISIS[edit]

    See also: ISIS insurgency in Iraq and Syria

    Members of Congress on both sides of the aisle were in disagreement over the need to pass congressional approval of the administration's air strikes in Iraq as well as any future strikes on ISIS. Sens. Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Carl Levin (D-MI) and Marco Rubio (R-FL) each stated on September 8, 2014, that gaining congressional approval was not necessary for the actions taken by President Barack Obama, with Levin claiming, "I think the president has an abundant amount of authority to conduct operations. It would be good to have Congress on board. I don’t think the War Powers Act is constitutional. If Congress doesn’t like what he’s doing, we can always cut the money off." Members such as Tim Kaine (D-VA), Bill Nelson (D-FL) and Rand Paul (R-KY) disagreed and continued to push for a vote. Paul argued, "It would show a disregard for the Constitution and for the history of our country."[106]

    Congressional leadership did not want to take quick action, bringing a vote to the floor, with one Republican aide stating, "We want to wait and see what he’s going to say to the four leaders and what he’s going to say to the nation. How he lays out his strategy will determine how our guys and members of Congress respond."[107] Reid backed up that sentiment, saying, "Tomorrow the president is addressing the nation. That doesn’t happen very often. On Thursday afternoon we’re having a briefing here from the administration on what’s going on in the Middle East. I’m going to wait and get the facts before I jump off into something that you read on the Internet someplace."[108]


    Farm bill[edit]

    See also: United States Farm Bill 2013

    The vote was 66-27, with 25 of the 27 nay votes being from Republicans. The two Democratic senators to vote against the bill were Jack Reed (RI) and Sheldon Whitehouse (RI)

    The comprehensive bill failed in the House due largely in part to the votes of eight Democratic House members who joined the Republican majority to vote down the measure.[109] Reps. Collin Peterson, John Barrow, Sanford Bishop, Cheri Bustos, Sean Maloney, Mike McIntyre, Bill Owens and Tim Walz were the eight Democratic members who voted to reject the bill.[109] According to analysis by OpenSecrets.org, many of these Democratic members received significant political contributions from agricultural organizations that benefit from crop insurance subsidies.[109] Five of the eight were on the House Agriculture Committee--Peterson, Bustos, Maloney, McIntyre and Walz.[109][110]

    See also[edit]

    Footnotes[edit]

    1. ↑ The Washington Post, "Only 36 percent of Democratic candidates have expressed support for Obamacare," September 30, 2014
    2. ↑ National Journal, "Democrats Fear Obamacare Will Cost Them The Senate," accessed December 20, 2013
    3. ↑ US NEWS, "Republicans Have Chance to Take Back Senate," accessed December 20, 2013
    4. ↑ WSJ, "Democrats Face Battles in South to Hold the Senate," accessed December 20, 2013
    5. ↑ New York Times, "FiveThirtyEight," accessed December 20, 2013
    6. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Senate Update: A January Runoff In Georgia Is Getting More Likely," October 23, 2014
    7. ↑ New York Times, "Can Republicans Win the Senate in 2014?" accessed December 20, 2013
    8. ↑ Ballot Access News, "For First Time in History, Democrats Won’t Run Anyone for U.S. Senate in Alabama," February 17, 2014
    9. ↑ Cook Political Report, "Our Accuracy," accessed December 12, 2011 (dead link)
    10. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," June 27, 2013
    11. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," August 2, 2013
    12. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," October 17, 2013
    13. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," December 19, 2013
    14. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," February 7, 2014
    15. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," February 27, 2014
    16. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," March 19, 2014
    17. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," April 25, 2014
    18. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," August 15, 2014
    19. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," September 19, 2014
    20. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS," October 17, 2014
    21. ↑ Politico, "Notes from the FEC deadline day — Landrieu’s new microsite — Roundup of last night's debates — Mayday PAC expanding South Dakota footprint," October 16, 2014
    22. ↑ Politico, "Cotton raises almost $2.3 million — McSally raises $653k — Udall raises $3.1 million — Abbott targets movie-goers — Paul and Perry’s schoolyard brawl," July 14, 2014
    23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Politico, "Red-state Democrats raise millions," accessed May, 2013
    24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Politico, "Senate cash dash now a marathon," accessed August 1, 2013
    25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Politico, "Red-state Democrats raise millions," accessed April 18, 2013
    26. ↑ The Hill, "DSCC tops NRSC in September fundraising," October 13, 2014
    27. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Committee To Elect Senate Democrats Has Best 2nd Quarter Fundraising In Its History," July 18, 2014
    28. ↑ The Washington Post, "DSCC edges out NRSC in April fundraising," accessed May 19, 2014
    29. ↑ Politico, "DSCC outraises NRSC by $1M in October," accessed December 10, 2013
    30. ↑ MSNBC, "GOP to donors: Democratic Senate majority is in serious trouble," accessed July 22, 2013
    31. ↑ The Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2014 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," accessed November 5, 2013
    32. ↑ FairVote, "FairVote Releases Projections for the 2014 Congressional Elections," accessed November 5, 2013
    33. ↑ The Hill, "DCCC outraises NRCC by $3M in April," May 20, 2014
    34. ↑ OpenSecrets, "National Republican Congressional Cmte 2014 election cycle," accessed December 3, 2013
    35. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Democratic Congressional Campaign Cmte 2014 election cycle," accessed December 3, 2013
    36. ↑ The Washington Post, "Democrats sweep September fundraising," accessed October 21, 2013
    37. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Parties," accessed August 13, 2013
    38. ↑ Politico, "DCCC memo rallies Dems for 2014," August 1, 2013
    39. ↑ The Hill, "Democrats gain early fundraising edge," April 22, 2013
    40. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed August 9, 2013
    41. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed September 18, 2013
    42. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed October 21, 2013
    43. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed October 30, 2013
    44. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed December 18, 2013
    45. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed January 7, 2014
    46. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed January 15, 2014
    47. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed February 14, 2014
    48. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed March 13, 2014
    49. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed April 4, 2014
    50. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed August 14, 2014
    51. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed August 14, 2014
    52. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed October 24, 2014
    53. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS," accessed October 24, 2014
    54. ↑ Center for Politics, "Crystal Ball," accessed November 5, 2013
    55. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 House Ratings," accessed November 5, 2013
    56. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 House Ratings," accessed December 17, 2013
    57. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 House Ratings," accessed January 7, 2014
    58. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 House Ratings," accessed March 12, 2014
    59. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 House Ratings," accessed March 31, 2014
    60. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 House Ratings," August 6, 2014
    61. ↑ Roll Call;, "Democrats Launch New Program for House Recruits," May 9, 2013
    62. ↑ NRCC.org, "Nick Rahall's War on Umbrellas," September 12, 2013
    63. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named long
    64. ↑ The Washington Post, "Elections Lab 2014," accessed September 26, 2014
    65. ↑ The Washington Post, "There is no wave coming in the 2014 election," accessed December 10, 2013
    66. ↑ National Journal, "From Tactical Spending to Amazing Ads, Here Are the Lessons of the 2014 Primaries," accessed September 15, 2014
    67. ↑ The Washington Post, "Rep. Ralph Hall defeated by John Ratcliffe," accessed September 10, 2014
    68. ↑ The Washington Times, "Rep. Hall of Texas switches from Democrat to Republican," accessed September 11, 2014
    69. ↑ Ratcliffe for Congress, "John’s Story," accessed September 11, 2014
    70. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "Election History," accessed September 11, 2014
    71. ↑ Politico, "Ralph Hall loses Texas GOP runoff," accessed September 11, 2014
    72. ↑ The Dallas Morning News, "Oldest congressman, Ralph Hall, 91, ousted by John Ratcliffe," accessed September 11, 2014
    73. ↑ Roll Call, "Eric Cantor Loses Primary in Massive Upset," accessed September 11, 2014
    74. ↑ Politico, "Cantor loses," accessed September 11, 2014
    75. ↑ Politico, "How Big Money failed to rescue Eric Cantor," accessed September 11, 2014
    76. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Dave Brat Calls Primary Win Over Eric Cantor 'A Miracle'," accessed September 11, 2014
    77. ↑ Richmond Times-Dispatch, "Cantor to resign from Congress Aug. 18," accessed September 11, 2014
    78. ↑ Associated Press, "Michigan - Summary Vote Results," accessed September 11, 2014
    79. ↑ Politico, "Dave Trott topples Bentivolio in Michigan race," accessed September 11, 2014
    80. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Kerry Bentivolio, 'Accidental Congressman,' Loses Primary To Romney-Backed David Trott," accessed September 11, 2014
    81. ↑ Politico, "2014 Massachusetts House Primaries Results," accessed September 11, 2014
    82. ↑ Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "Return of Votes For Massachusetts State Election, November 6, 2012," accessed September 11, 2014
    83. ↑ Roll Call, "Tierney’s Wife Sentenced to Jail Time," accessed September 11, 2014
    84. ↑ The Huffington Post, "John Tierney Concedes Democratic Primary To Seth Moulton," accessed September 11, 2014
    85. ↑ The Washington Post, "Rep. John Tierney (D-Mass.) concedes to primary challenger," accessed September 11, 2014
    86. ↑ Politico, "5 House primaries to watch," accessed August 8, 2013
    87. ↑ The Huffington Post, "72% Of Americans Disapprove Of Republicans In Congress," September 14, 2014
    88. ↑ USA TODAY, "Poll: Nearly half say replace everyone in Congress," accessed October 22, 2013
    89. ↑ The Washington Post, "Haters gonna hate. But they plan to vote Republican," accessed December 20, 2013
    90. ↑ Reuters, "U.S. Senate Republicans start closing ranks on spending bill," accessed September 24, 2013
    91. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cb
    92. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named go
    93. ↑ Politico, "Susan Collins floating fiscal deal," accessed October 10, 2013
    94. ↑ Politico, "How Collins budget plan collapsed," accessed October 14, 2013
    95. ↑ Senate.gov, "U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress - 1st Session," accessed July 15, 2013
    96. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mccardle
    97. ↑ NBC News, "Obama administration clarifies dates related to health care rollout," October 23, 2013
    98. ↑ Fox News, "Surprise, surprise -- ObamaCare deadline extended yet again," March 26, 2014
    99. ↑ Washington Post, "Sebelius on health-care law rollout: 'Hold me accountable for the debacle. I'm responsible.'," October 31, 2013
    100. ↑ National Journal, "It's Official: Obamacare Enrollment Is Super Low," November 13, 2013
    101. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Octofficialreport
    102. ↑ Fox News, "HHS announces small extension for ObamaCare sign-up, bigger delay next year," November 22, 2013
    103. ↑ Washington Post, "Obamacare’s online SHOP enrollment delayed by one year," November 27, 2013
    104. ↑ New York Times, "Health Secretary Resigns After Woes of HealthCare.gov," April 10, 2014
    105. ↑ The Hill, "Senate Conservatives Fund targets Isakson with latest 'defund ObamaCare' ad," August 22, 2013
    106. ↑ The Hill, "ISIS vote divides Senate," September 8, 2014
    107. ↑ The Hill, "Leadership hoping to avoid vote on ISIS," September 9, 2014
    108. ↑ The Hill, "Reid won’t ‘rush’ ISIS vote in Senate," September 9, 2014
    109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 Open Secrets, "Agribusiness and the Farm Bill: Wayward Dems Benefit from Contributions," accessed July 19, 2013
    110. ↑ USA Today, "House passes farm bill; strips out food-stamp program," accessed July 15, 2013
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