United States Senate elections, 2020

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	; ; 2020 U.S. Senate Elections
	Election Date ; November 3, 2020
	U.S. Senate Elections by State
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	U.S. House Elections

Elections to the U.S. Senate were held on November 3, 2020. A total of 33 of the 100 seats were up for regular election.

Those elected to the U.S. Senate in the 33 regular elections on November 3, 2020, began their six-year terms on January 3, 2021.

Special elections were also held to fill vacancies that occurred in the 116th Congress, including 2020 special U.S. Senate elections in Arizona for the seat that John McCain (R) won in 2016 and in Georgia for the seat that Johnny Isakson (R) won in 2016.

Twelve seats held by Democrats and 23 seats held by Republicans were up for election in 2020. Heading into the election, Republicans had a majority with 53 seats. Democrats needed a net gain of four seats, or three in addition to winning the presidential election, to take control of the chamber. The vice president casts tie-breaking votes in the Senate.

On this page, you will find:

The current and historical partisan balance of the U.S. Senate
A list of special elections for the 116th Congress
The seats that are up for election in 2020
Information on 2020's battleground races
The number of filed candidates by political party
A list of incumbents not seeking re-election in 2020
A list of important dates and deadlines for the 2020 election cycle
Information on states held by a party opposite the winning 2016 presidential candidate
A list of race ratings
Information on historical wave elections

2020 election analysis and context[edit]

See also: Election results, 2020: Control of the U.S. Senate

Updated 5:10 p.m. ET on January 6, 2021

As a result of the 2020 U.S. Senate elections, Democrats and Republicans split the chamber 50-50, with Vice President (starting January 20, 2021, Democrat Kamala Harris) having the tie-breaking vote. Heading into the November 3, 2020, elections, Republicans held 53 seats in the U.S. Senate, with Democrats holding 45 and independents who caucus with Democrats holding the remaining two.

Democrats won control of the U.S. Senate following two runoff elections in Georgia on January 5, 2021. Raphael Warnock (D) won the special runoff election and Jon Ossoff (D) won the regular runoff election. Before the runoffs, Republicans had secured 50 seats and Democrats had secured 48 seats (including among them two seats held by independents who caucus with Democrats).

Democrats flipped four seats and Republicans flipped one:

Tommy Tuberville (R) defeated incumbent Doug Jones (D) in Alabama.
Mark Kelly (D) defeated incumbent Martha McSally (R) in Arizona's special election.
John Hickenlooper (D) defeated incumbent Cory Gardner (R) in Colorado.
Raphael Warnock (D) defeated Kelly Loeffler (R) in Georgia.
Jon Ossoff (D) defeated David Perdue (R) in Georgia.

Thirty-five of the 100 seats were up in 2020, including two special elections. Twenty-three of those seats were held by Republicans and 12 by Democrats, giving Republicans greater partisan risk in 2020.

Ballotpedia tracked 16 of the 35 races as battlegrounds, including 12 for Republican-held seats and four for Democratic-held seats. Both parties defended two seats that the other party's presidential nominee won in 2016, with Democrats defending seats in Alabama and Michigan and Republicans defending seats in Colorado and Maine. The last time this set of seats was up, in 2014, nine flipped, all from Democratic to Republican.

Four of the seats up were open, meaning the incumbent was not running for re-election. Three of those seats were held by Republicans and one by a Democrat. The four senators were retiring from public office.

Partisan breakdown[edit]

Democrats gained a net three Senate seats in the 2020 general elections, winning control of the chamber. Republicans held 50 seats following the election, while Democrats had 48 seats and independents who caucus with Democrats held the remaining two. Vice President Kamala Harris (D) had the tiebreaking vote.

U.S. Senate Partisan Breakdown
Party		As of January 3, 2019	After the 2020 Election
	Democratic Party	45	48^[1]
	Republican Party	53	50
	Independent	2	2^[1]
	Vacancies	0	0
Total		100	100

The chart below shows historical partisan breakdown information for the chamber.

Click "show" to the right to read about changes in partisan control in the Senate since 2000.

From 2000 to 2018, partisan control of the U.S. Senate changed four times. Republicans controlled the chamber entering 2000. Democrats temporarily took a one-vote majority in the Senate after Vermont Sen. Jim Jeffords decided to leave the Republican Party, serve as an independent, and caucus with the Democrats in 2001. Shortly before the 2002 midterm election, however, Minnesota Sen. Paul Wellstone (D) was killed in a plane crash. His replacement, former Vice President Walter Mondale (D), was defeated by Norm Coleman (R). Following the midterm election, Coleman became the 51st Republican senator.^[2] In 2005 and 2006, Republicans reached a high of 55 seats compared to the Democrats' 45.

Republicans lost control of the Senate in 2007 following the previous year's midterm election. Democrats won a 51-49 majority that year, which grew to a 59-41 split in 2010. The Senate changed hands again following the 2014 midterm election, and Republicans held a 54-46 majority in 2015 and 2016. This majority fell to a 52-48 split in 2017, and with the special election victory of Alabama Sen. Doug Jones (D) shrinking the Republican majority to 51-49 in 2018. Republicans won two seats in the 2018 elections, bringing their majority to 53-47 at the start of 2019.

The majority of the U.S. Senate can sometimes shift due to unexpected circumstances. A historical example of this would be 1953, when the Republican majority in the Senate shrank to 48-47 after Oregon Sen. Wayne Morse left the Republican Party to become an independent. Nine senators died from 1953 to 1955. When Ohio Sen. Robert Taft (R) died during the summer of 1953, a Democrat was appointed to replace him, which gave the Democratic Party a one-vote majority. The following summer, Wyoming Sen. Lester Hunt (D) committed suicide and a Republican was appointed to replace him. This flipped the majority back into Republican control.^[2]

Election results[edit]

Staff Writer Marielle Bricker gives an overview of the 2020 United States Senate election

View other episodes here.

Twelve seats held by Democrats and 23 seats held by Republicans were up for election in 2020, including the Arizona special election and the Georgia special election. In 2020, Democrats had a net gain of three seats and controlled 50 seats at the beginning of the 117th Congress. The map and table below show what seats were up for election and the incumbent heading into the election in each race.

United States Senate elections, 2020
State	Pre-election incumbent	Year first elected	Last election margin of victory (% points)	Winner	Partisan change?
Alabama	Doug Jones	2017	1.7	Tommy Tuberville	Yes
Alaska	Dan Sullivan	2014	2.2	Dan Sullivan	No
Arizona	Martha McSally	N/A	13.7	Mark Kelly	Yes
Arkansas	Tom Cotton	2014	17.0	Tom Cotton	No
Colorado	Cory Gardner	2014	1.9	John Hickenlooper	Yes
Delaware	Chris Coons	2010	13.6	Chris Coons	No
Georgia	David Perdue	2014	7.7	Jon Ossoff	Yes
Georgia	Kelly Loeffler	N/A	13.8	Raphael Warnock	Yes
Idaho	Jim Risch	2008	30.6	Jim Risch	No
Illinois	Dick Durbin	1996	10.8	Dick Durbin	No
Iowa	Joni Ernst	2014	8.3	Joni Ernst	No
Kansas	Pat Roberts	1996	10.6	Roger Marshall	No
Kentucky	Mitch McConnell	1984	15.5	Mitch McConnell	No
Louisiana	Bill Cassidy	2014	11.8	Bill Cassidy	No
Maine	Susan Collins	1996	36.2	Susan Collins	No
Massachusetts	Ed Markey	2013	22.8	Ed Markey	No
Michigan	Gary Peters	2014	13.3	Gary Peters	No
Minnesota	Tina Smith	2018	10.6	Tina Smith	No
Mississippi	Cindy Hyde-Smith	2018	7.2	Cindy Hyde-Smith	No
Montana	Steve Daines	2014	17.7	Steve Daines	No
Nebraska	Ben Sasse	2014	32.9	Ben Sasse	No
New Hampshire	Jeanne Shaheen	2008	3.3	Jeanne Shaheen	No
New Jersey	Cory Booker	2013	13.5	Cory Booker	No
New Mexico	Tom Udall	2008	11.2	Ben Ray Lujan	No
North Carolina	Thom Tillis	2014	1.5	Thom Tillis	No
Oklahoma	Jim Inhofe	1994	39.5	Jim Inhofe	No
Oregon	Jeff Merkley	2008	18.8	Jeff Merkley	No
Rhode Island	Jack Reed	1996	41.4	Jack Reed	No
South Carolina	Lindsey Graham	2002	15.7	Lindsey Graham	No
South Dakota	Mike Rounds	2014	20.9	Mike Rounds	No
Tennessee	Lamar Alexander	2014	30.0	Bill Hagerty	No
Texas	John Cornyn	2002	27.2	John Cornyn	No
Virginia	Mark Warner	2008	0.8	Mark Warner	No
West Virginia	Shelley Moore Capito	2014	27.6	Shelley Moore Capito	No
Wyoming	Mike Enzi	1996	54.8	Cynthia Lummis	No

Incumbents defeated[edit]

This section tracked incumbents defeated in 2020.

Incumbents defeated in the general election[edit]

The following table lists incumbents defeated in the 2020 general election for U.S. Senate.

U.S. Senate incumbents defeated in the 2020 general election
State	Incumbent	Election winner
Alabama	Doug Jones	Tommy Tuberville
Arizona	Martha McSally	Mark Kelly
Colorado	Cory Gardner	John Hickenlooper
Georgia	David Perdue	Jon Ossoff
Georgia	Kelly Loeffler	Raphael Warnock

Incumbents defeated in primaries[edit]

No U.S. Senate incumbents were defeated in primaries in 2020.

Margin of victory[edit]

See also: Election results, 2020: Congressional margin of victory analysis

The margin of victory (MOV) for each race is calculated by examining the percentage difference between the two candidates who received the most votes. If the race was uncontested, the margin of victory is listed as 100%. Some quick facts:

The average margin of victory was 18.1%. This was higher than the 16.8% average in 2018, but lower than the 22.1% average in 2016 or the 22.6% average in 2014.
On average, Democrats won by smaller margins than Republicans. The average MOV for winning Republicans was 22.0%, while Democratic winners averaged a MOV of 12.8%.
The closest race was the regularly-scheduled election in Georgia, where challenger Jon Ossoff (D) defeated incumbent David Perdue (R) by 0.83 percent of the vote.

Click [show] to view a list of U.S. Senate elections in 2020 and their margins of victory

U.S. Senate margins of victory, 2020
State	Votes cast	Winner	Winner votes	Runner-up	Runner-up votes	Margin	Margin (%)
U.S. Senate, Alabama	2,316,445	Tommy Tuberville	1,392,076	Doug Jones	920,478	471,598	20.36%
U.S. Senate, Alaska	354,587	Daniel S. Sullivan	191,112	Al Gross	146,068	45,044	12.70%
U.S. Senate, Arizona (special election)	3,355,317	Mark Kelly	1,716,467	Martha McSally	1,637,661	78,806	2.35%
U.S. Senate, Arkansas	1,193,261	Tom Cotton	793,871	Ricky Dale Harrington Jr.	399,390	394,481	33.06%
U.S. Senate, Colorado	3,235,659	John Hickenlooper	1,731,114	Cory Gardner	1,429,492	301,622	9.32%
U.S. Senate, Delaware	490,935	Chris Coons	291,804	Lauren Witzke	186,054	105,750	21.54%
U.S. Senate, Georgia	4,484,902	Jon Ossoff	2,269,923	David Perdue	2,214,979	54,944	1.23%
U.S. Senate, Georgia (special election)	4,484,954	Raphael Warnock	2,289,113	Kelly Loeffler	2,195,841	93,272	2.08%
U.S. Senate, Idaho	859,827	Jim Risch	538,446	Paulette Jordan	285,864	252,582	29.38%
U.S. Senate, Illinois	5,968,901	Dick Durbin	3,278,930	Mark Curran	2,319,870	959,060	16.07%
U.S. Senate, Iowa	1,671,828	Joni Ernst	864,997	Theresa Greenfield	754,859	110,138	6.59%
U.S. Senate, Kansas	1,367,755	Roger Marshall	727,962	Barbara Bollier	571,530	156,432	11.44%
U.S. Senate, Kentucky	2,135,055	Mitch McConnell	1,233,315	Amy McGrath	816,257	417,058	19.53%
U.S. Senate, Louisiana	2,071,543	Bill Cassidy	1,228,908	Adrian Perkins	394,049	834,859	40.30%
U.S. Senate, Maine	819,183	Susan Collins	417,645	Sara Gideon	347,223	70,422	8.60%
U.S. Senate, Massachusetts	3,564,136	Edward Markey	2,357,809	Kevin O'Connor	1,177,765	1,180,044	33.11%
U.S. Senate, Michigan	5,479,720	Gary Peters	2,734,568	John James	2,642,233	92,335	1.69%
U.S. Senate, Minnesota	3,209,198	Tina Smith	1,566,522	Jason Lewis	1,398,145	168,377	5.25%
U.S. Senate, Mississippi	1,311,354	Cindy Hyde-Smith	709,511	Mike Espy	578,691	130,820	9.98%
U.S. Senate, Montana	605,637	Steve Daines	333,174	Steve Bullock	272,463	60,711	10.02%
U.S. Senate, Nebraska	930,012	Ben Sasse	583,507	Chris Janicek	227,191	356,316	38.31%
U.S. Senate, New Hampshire	795,914	Jeanne Shaheen	450,778	Bryant Messner	326,229	124,549	15.65%
U.S. Senate, New Jersey	4,440,440	Cory Booker	2,541,178	Rik Mehta	1,817,052	724,126	16.31%
U.S. Senate, New Mexico	917,237	Ben Ray Luján	474,483	Mark Ronchetti	418,483	56,000	6.11%
U.S. Senate, North Carolina	5,474,952	Thom Tillis	2,665,598	Cal Cunningham	2,569,965	95,633	1.75%
U.S. Senate, Oklahoma	1,556,361	Jim Inhofe	979,140	Abby Broyles	509,763	469,377	30.16%
U.S. Senate, Oregon	2,321,249	Jeff Merkley	1,321,047	Jo Rae Perkins	912,814	408,233	17.59%
U.S. Senate, Rhode Island	494,262	Jack Reed	328,574	Allen Waters	164,855	163,719	33.12%
U.S. Senate, South Carolina	2,515,104	Lindsey Graham	1,369,137	Jaime R. Harrison	1,110,828	258,309	10.27%
U.S. Senate, South Dakota	420,219	Mike Rounds	276,232	Dan Ahlers	143,987	132,245	31.47%
U.S. Senate, Tennessee	2,959,761	Bill Hagerty	1,840,926	Marquita Bradshaw	1,040,691	800,235	27.04%
U.S. Senate, Texas	11,144,040	John Cornyn	5,962,983	M.J. Hegar	4,888,764	1,074,219	9.64%
U.S. Senate, Virginia	4,405,087	Mark Warner	2,466,500	Daniel Gade	1,934,199	532,301	12.08%
U.S. Senate, West Virginia	778,918	Shelley Moore Capito	547,454	Paula Jean Swearengin	210,309	337,145	43.28%
U.S. Senate, Wyoming	271,937	Cynthia Lummis	198,100	Merav Ben-David	72,766	125,334	46.09%

Outside ratings[edit]

The following table compared U.S. Senate race ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections prior to the November 2020 elections.

Seats that changed party hands in 2014[edit]

See also: United States Senate elections, 2014

In 2014—the last time the 33 seats up for regular election in 2020 were up for election—nine seats changed party hands. Republicans picked up all nine seats.

Senate seats that changed party hands, 2014
State	Pre-election incumbent	2014 winner	Margin of victory (% points)	2020 rating: Cook^[3]	2020 rating: Inside Elections^[4]	2020 rating: Sabato^[5]
Alaska	Mark Begich	Dan Sullivan	2.2	Lean Republican	Lean Republican	Lean Republican
Arkansas	Mark Pryor	Tom Cotton	17.0	Solid Republican	Solid Republican	Safe Republican
Colorado	Mark Udall	Cory Gardner	1.9	Lean Democratic	Lean Democratic	Likely Democratic
Iowa	Tom Harkin	Joni Ernst	8.3	Toss-up	Toss-up	Lean Republican
Louisiana	Mary Landrieu	Bill Cassidy	11.8	Solid Republican	Solid Republican	Safe Republican
Montana	John Walsh	Steve Daines	17.7	Toss-up	Toss-up	Lean Republican
North Carolina	Kay Hagan	Thom Tillis	1.5	Toss-up	Tilt Democratic	Lean Democratic
South Dakota	Tim Johnson	Mike Rounds	20.9	Solid Republican	Solid Republican	Safe Republican
West Virginia	Jay Rockefeller	Shelley Moore Capito	27.6	Solid Republican	Solid Republican	Safe Republican

Incumbents who didn't seek re-election in 2020[edit]

See also: List of U.S. Congress incumbents who did not run for re-election in 2020

1 Democrat
3 Republicans

Retiring from public office, 2020
Name	Party	State	Date announced	2020 winner's party
Lamar Alexander	Republican	Tennessee	December 17, 2018	Republican
Mike Enzi	Republican	Wyoming	May 4, 2019	Republican
Pat Roberts	Republican	Kansas	January 4, 2019	Republican
Tom Udall	Democratic	New Mexico	March 25, 2019	Democratic

Historical comparison[edit]

The following table includes figures on Democratic and Republican members of Congress who either left office during their term or announced that they would not seek re-election for each election year since 2012.

Outgoing members of Congress, 2012-2018
Year	Chamber	Democrats not seeking re-election	Republicans not seeking re-election	Total not seeking re-election	Democrats leaving office early	Republicans leaving office early	Total leaving office early
2018
	U.S. Senate	0	3	3	1	2	3
	U.S. House	18	34	52	3	14	17
	Total	18	37	55	4	16	20
2016
	U.S. Senate	3	2	5	0	0	0
	U.S. House	16	24	40	2	5	7
	Total	19	26	45	2	5	7
2014
	U.S. Senate	5	2	7	3	2	5
	U.S. House	16	25	41	3	6	9
	Total	21	27	48	6	8	14
2012
	U.S. Senate	6	3	10^[6]	0	0	0
	U.S. House	23	20	43	4	1	5
	Total	29	23	53	4	1	5

Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020[edit]

See also: Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020

Ballotpedia's Annual Congressional Competitiveness report for 2020 includes information on the number of elections featuring candidates from both major parties, the number of open seats, and more.

HIGHLIGHTS

More U.S. House races were contested by members of both major parties than in any general election since at least 1920, with 95.4% of races (415 of 435) featuring major party competition.^[7]^[8]

Of the U.S. Representatives and U.S. Senators who were eligible to run for re-election in 2018, 55 of them (11.8%) did not appear on the general election ballot in 2020.

In the 53 open seats where an incumbent either did not seek re-election or was defeated in a primary, there were 13 races where the incumbent's district overlapped at least one pivot county (a county that voted for President Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012, before switching to support President Donald Trump (R) in 2016).

In 20 races, only one major party candidate appeared on the general election ballot, the lowest number compared to the preceding decade.

Click here to view the full report.

Battleground elections[edit]

See also: U.S. Senate battlegrounds, 2020

Ballotpedia identified 16 races as general election battlegrounds. Of the 16 seats, four had Democratic incumbents and 12 had Republican incumbents heading into the election.

These battleground seats were selected by examining the results of the 2016 presidential election in the state, whether the incumbent was seeking re-election, and whether the incumbent was serving his or her first term in the Senate. Race ratings from the Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales were also considered. For more information on our methodology, click here.

The following map displays the 2020 Senate battlegrounds shaded by the incumbent's or most recent incumbent's political affiliation. Hover over a state for more information.

Battleground U.S. Senate elections, 2020
State	Incumbent	Open seat?	2014 margin	2016 presidential margin	2020 election result
Alabama	Doug Jones	No	R+94.5	R+27.7	R+20.4
Arizona (special)	Martha McSally	No	R+13.0^[9]	R+3.5	D+2.4
Colorado	Cory Gardner	No	R+1.9	D+4.9	D+9.3
Georgia	David Perdue	No	R+7.7	R+5.2	D+1.2
Georgia (special)	Kelly Loeffler	No	R+13.8^[10]	R+5.2	D+2.0
Iowa	Joni Ernst	No	R+8.3	R+9.4	R+6.5
Kansas	Pat Roberts	Yes	R+10.6	R+20.6	R+11.4
Kentucky	Mitch McConnell	No	R+15.5	R+29.8	R+19.6
Maine	Susan Collins	No	R+36.2	D+3.0	R+8.6
Michigan	Gary Peters	No	D+13.3	R+0.2	D+1.7
Minnesota	Tina Smith	No	D+10.2	D+1.5	D+5.2
Montana	Steve Daines	No	R+17.7	R+20.5	R+10.0
New Hampshire	Jeanne Shaheen	No	D+3.2	D+0.4	D+15.6
North Carolina	Thom Tillis	No	R+1.6	R+3.7	R+1.8
South Carolina	Lindsey Graham	No	R+17.7	R+14.2	R+10.2
Texas	John Cornyn	No	R+27.2	R+9.0	R+9.6

Fundraising by candidate[edit]

The following table shows the top U.S. Senate fundraisers of the 2020 election cycle based on FEC filings through October 14, 2020.

Fundraising by party[edit]

See also: Party committee fundraising, 2019-2020

Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee[edit]

See also: Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2021-22 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the DSCC for the 2021-22 election cycle
Month (Dates covered)	Total receipts	Total disbursements	Cash on hand (end of month)	Debts owed (end of month)	FEC document
Year-End 2022 (November 29-December 31, 2022)	$9,865,360.61	$14,916,360.74	$8,595,217.87	$20,000,000.00	Filing
Post-General 2022 (October 20-November 28, 2022)	$35,320,088.66	$55,785,192.43	$13,646,218.00	$20,000,000.00	Filing
Pre-General 2022 (October 1-19, 2022)	$37,191,286.44	$39,542,256.21	$34,111,521.77	$20,000,000.00	Filing
October 2022 (September 1-30, 2022)	$28,769,311.90	$38,151,774.31	$36,459,491.54	$0.00	Filing
September 2022 (August 1-31, 2022)	$12,578,749.01	$20,881,341.49	$45,841,953.95	$0.00	Filing
August 2022 (July 1-31, 2022)	$10,102,351.75	$9,496,094.09	$54,144,546.43	$0.00	Filing
July 2022 (June 1-30, 2022)	$12,566,902.59	$11,167,743.78	$53,538,288.77	$0.00	Filing
June 2022 (May 1-31, 2022)	$11,900,623.32	$6,599,838.15	$52,139,129.96	$0.00	Filing
May 2022 (April 1-30, 2022)	$8,269,244.48	$5,995,292.65	$45,983,531.45	$0.00	Filing
April 2022 (March 1-31, 2022)	$12,524,106.59	$6,681,395.51	$43,709,579.62	$0.00	Filing
March 2022 (Feb. 1-28, 2022)	$15,012,444.42	$6,401,962.44	$37,866,868.54	$0.00	Filing
February 2022 (Jan. 1-31, 2022)	$10,666,141.34	$5,104,332.75	$29,256,386.56	$0.00	Filing
Year-End 2021 (Dec. 1-31, 2021)	$10,128,189.49	$4,646,697.73	$23,694,577.97	$0.00	Filing
December 2021 (Nov. 1-30, 2021)	$6,846,254.23	$4,523,655.04	$18,213,086.21	$0.00	Filing
November 2021 (Oct. 1-31, 2021)	$6,981,887.03	$4,481,716.90	$15,890,487.02	$0.00	Filing
October 2021 (Sept. 1-30, 2021)	$8,037,630.15	$5,145,998.03	$13,390,316.89	$0.00	Filing
September 2021 (Aug. 1-31, 2021)	$6,153,202.01	$5,922,536.51	$10,498,684.77	$0.00	Filing
August 2021 (July 1-31, 2021)	$6,473,053.97	$7,770,185.85	$10,268,019.27	$2,000,000.00	Filing
July 2021 (June 1-30, 2021)	$10,123,541.88	$11,190,766.21	$11,565,151.15	$5,000,000.00	Filing
June 2021 (May 1-31, 2021)	$7,168,163.64	$7,258,068.33	$12,632,375.48	$8,000,000.00	Filing
May 2021 (April 1-30, 2021)	$6,642,177.58	$7,100,453.56	$12,722,280.17	$11,000,000.00	Filing
April 2021 (March 1-31, 2021)	$9,292,748.21	$6,315,393.50	$13,180,556.15	$15,000,000.00	Filing
March 2021 (Feb. 1-28, 2021)	$7,265,921.55	$6,108,300.17	$10,203,201.44	$18,000,000.00	Filing
February 2021 (Jan. 1-31, 2021)	$6,094,399.76	$6,833,277.29	$9,045,580.06	$20,000,000.00	Filing

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2019-20 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the DSCC for the 2019-20 election cycle
Month (Dates covered)	Total receipts	Total disbursements	Cash on hand (end of month)	Debts owed (end of month)	FEC document
Year-End 2020 (Nov. 24 - Dec. 31, 2020)	$23,980,459.46	$31,688,232.18	$9,784,457.59	$20,000,000.00	Filing
Post-General 2020 (Oct. 15 - Nov. 23, 2020)	$35,600,342.20	$49,865,876.04	$17,492,230.31	$20,621,140.69	Filing
Pre-General 2020 (Oct. 1-14, 2020)	$35,331,507.60	$33,622,084.90	$31,757,764.15	$0.00	Filing
October 2020 (Sept. 1-30, 2020)	$43,766,388.33	$54,708,807.24	$30,048,341.45	$664,202.94	Filing
September 2020 (Aug. 1-31, 2020)	$26,933,943.47	$25,951,407.81	$40,990,760.36	$685,632.46	Filing
August 2020 (July 1-31, 2020)	$13,126,055.11	$10,856,069.90	$40,008,224.70	$707,011.35	Filing
July 2020 (June 1-30, 2020)	$13,594,066.34	$8,212,855.51	$37,738,239.49	$728,395.24	Filing
June 2020 (May 1-31, 2020)	$11,241,636.65	$7,691,856.06	$32,357,028.66	$749,595.76	Filing
May 2020 (Apr. 1-30, 2020)	$8,956,862.79	$5,028,784.99	$28,807,248.07	$770,411.86	Filing
April 2020 (Mar. 1-31, 2020)	$10,992,303.31	$6,057,453.55	$24,879,170.27	$790,686.39	Filing
March 2020 (Feb. 1-29, 2020)	$8,887,049.10	$8,693,457.16	$19,944,320.51	$1,810,934.04	Filing
February 2020 (Jan. 1-31, 2020)	$8,546,346.55	$7,464,236.52	$19,750,728.57	$4,830,923.92	Filing
Year-End 2019 (Dec. 1-31, 2019)	$7,321,304.42	$5,989,621.81	$18,668,618.52	$6,850,905.89	Filing
December 2019 (Nov. 1-30, 2019)	$5,751,538.91	$5,768,449.98	$17,336,935.91	$7,870,851.77	Filing
November 2019 (Oct. 1-31, 2019)	$5,385,905.73	$5,634,676.70	$17,353,846.98	$9,890,430.12	Filing
October 2019 (Sept. 1-30, 2019)	$6,758,475.89	$5,344,759.24	$17,602,617.95	$11,909,994.54	Filing
September 2019 (Aug. 1-31, 2019)	$4,740,235.97	$5,500,212.89	$16,188,901.30	$13,929,262.72	Filing
August 2019 (July 1-31, 2019)	$4,787,675.39	$2,629,871.71	$16,948,878.22	$15,948,312.35	Filing
July 2019 (June 1-30, 2019)	$5,546,286.08	$3,863,708.54	$14,791,074.54	$15,967,382.88	Filing
June 2019 (May 1-31, 2019)	$4,512,788.16	$5,330,937.09	$13,108,497.00	$0.00	Filing
May 2019 (Apr. 1-30, 2019)	$4,360,277.62	$3,217,150.73	$13,921,920.07	$19,005,065.53	Filing
April 2019 (Mar. 1-31, 2019)	$5,875,324.31	$4,298,364.03	$12,778,793.18	$19,163,559.94	Filing
March 2019 (Feb. 1-28, 2019)	$3,836,700.57	$1,584,704.25	$11,201,832.90	$21,042,710.77	Filing
February 2019 (Jan. 1-31, 2019)	$4,045,134.75	$1,280,456.07	$8,949,836.58	$21,061,176.57	Filing

National Republican Senatorial Committee[edit]

See also: National Republican Senatorial Committee

The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2021-22 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the NRSC for the 2021-22 election cycle
Month (Dates covered)	Total receipts	Total disbursements	Cash on hand (end of month)	Debts owed (end of month)	FEC document
Year-End 2022 (November 29-December 31, 2022)	$3,372,124.04	$5,784,107.36	$8,177,735.85	$20,000,000.00	Filing
Post-General 2022 (October 20-November 28, 2022)	$12,054,403.63	$15,155,797.37	$10,589,719.17	$20,000,000.00	Filing
Pre-General 2022 (October 1-19, 2022)	$15,468,969.33	$15,452,555.70	$13,691,112.91	$20,000,000.00	Filing
October 2022 (September 1-30, 2022)	$25,016,489.17	$27,341,833.7	$13,674,699.28	$0.00	Filing
September 2022 (August 1-31, 2022)	$12,613,097.87	$19,778,682.06	$16,000,043.81	$0.00	Filing
August 2022 (July 1-31, 2022)	$8,050,263.06	$13,337,920.86	$23,165,628.00	$0.00	Filing
July 2022 (June 1-30, 2022)	$9,456,309.22	$17,006,565.16	$28,453,285.80	$0.00	Filing
June 2022 (May 1-31, 2022)	$8,018,426.36	$17,132,632.32	$36,003,541.74	$0.00	Filing
May 2022 (April 1-30, 2022)	$8,146,970.56	$7,164,015.84	$45,117,747.70	$0.00	Filing
April 2022 (March 1-31, 2022)	$13,280,793.52	$10,790,212.26	$44,134,792.98	$0.00	Filing
March 2022 (Feb. 1-28, 2022)	$11,707,886.37	$9,172,518.56	$41,644,211.72	$0.00	Filing
February 2022 (Jan. 1-31, 2022)	$18,019,008.84	$11,692,567.55	$39,108,843.91	$0.00	Filing
Year-End 2021 (Dec. 1-31, 2021)	$11,236,079.02	$8,541,350.07	$32,782,402.62	$0.00	Filing
December 2021 (Nov. 1-30, 2021)	$8,389,156.42	$7,985,767.53	$30,087,673.67	$0.00	Filing
November 2021 (Oct. 1-31, 2021)	$9,001,481.07	$7,089,100.08	$29,684,284.78	$0.00	Filing
October 2021 (Sept. 1-30, 2021)	$9,531,613.39	$6,998,909.18	$27,771,903.79	$0.00	Filing
September 2021 (Aug. 1-31, 2021)	$8,004,299.83	$6,902,129.94	$25,239,199.58	$0.00	Filing
August 2021 (July 1-31, 2021)	$7,467,414.93	$8,404,026.26	$24,137,029.69	$0.00	Filing
July 2021 (June 1-30, 2021)	$10,523,491.53	$6,153,766.10	$25,073,641.02	$0.00	Filing
June 2021 (May 1-31, 2021)	$10,375,900.98	$3,921,710.51	$20,703,915.59	$0.00	Filing
May 2021 (April 1-30, 2021)	$7,206,465.03	$5,290,732.63	$14,249,725.12	$0.00	Filing
April 2021 (March 1-31, 2021)	$8,336,221.77	$11,153,372.57	$12,333,992.72	$0.00	Filing
March 2021 (Feb. 1-28, 2021)	$6,427,393.63	$8,492,567.28	$15,151,143.52	$5,400,000.00	Filing
February 2021 (Jan. 1-31, 2021)	$8,340,640.22	$5,536,186.82	$17,216,317.17	$9,000,000.00	Filing

The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2019-20 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the NRSC for the 2019-20 election cycle
Month (Dates covered)	Total receipts	Total disbursements	Cash on hand (end of month)	Debts owed (end of month)	FEC document
Year-End 2020 (Nov. 24 - Dec. 31, 2020)	$43,032,018.48	$65,451,234.64	$14,411,863.77	$9,000,000.00	Filing
Post-General 2020 (Oct. 15 - Nov. 23, 2020)	$75,545,792.20	$57,053,982.04	$36,831,079.93	$18,023,850.00	Filing
Pre-General 2020 (Oct. 1-14, 2020)	$19,310,128.33	$23,608,784.20	$18,339,269.77	$10,000,000.00	Filing
October 2020 (Sept. 1-30, 2020)	$32,704,196.62	$23,655,932.90	$22,637,925.64	$6,000,000.00	Filing
September 2020 (Aug. 1-31, 2020)	$19,011,898.74	$21,811,488.95	$13,589,661.92	$0.00	Filing
August 2020 (July 1-31, 2020)	$15,049,387.89	$29,204,894.32	$16,389,252.13	$0.00	Filing
July 2020 (June 1-30, 2020)	$14,010,051.79	$23,499,907.40	$30,544,758.56	$0.00	Filing
June 2020 (May 1-31, 2020)	$10,104,413.14	$7,894,583.70	$40,034,614.17	$0.00	Filing
May 2020 (Apr. 1-30, 2020)	$11,507,707.90	$6,218,053.90	$37,827,284.73	$0.00	Filing
April 2020 (Mar. 1-31, 2020)	$9,085,278.89	$6,924,004.69	$32,537,630.73	$0.00	Filing
March 2020 (Feb. 1-29, 2020)	$11,177,348.56	$6,035,717.70	$30,376,356.53	$0.00	Filing
February 2020 (Jan. 1-31, 2020)	$10,054,892.65	$4,830,386.02	$25,234,725.67	$0.00	Filing
Year-End 2019 (Dec. 1-31, 2019)	$7,011,164.74	$5,011,674.33	$20,010,219.04	$0.00	Filing
December 2019 (Nov. 1-30, 2019)	$6,239,031.10	$3,233,010.22	$18,010,728.63	$0.00	Filing
November 2019 (Oct. 1-31, 2019)	$6,693,286.68	$4,757,833.35	$15,004,707.75	$0.00	Filing
October 2019 (Sept. 1-30, 2019)	$5,070,354.27	$3,636,725.01	$13,069,254.42	$0.00	Filing
September 2019 (Aug. 1-31, 2019)	$3,711,685.29	$3,778,870.03	$11,635,625.16	$1,275,000.00	Filing
August 2019 (July 1-31, 2019)	$4,346,443.23	$5,207,700.04	$11,702,809.90	$2,275,000.00	Filing
July 2019 (June 1-30, 2019)	$5,716,943.47	$4,425,850.59	$12,564,066.71	$4,500,000.00	Filing
June 2019 (May 1-31, 2019)	$4,841,510.07	$4,872,670.02	$11,272,973.83	$6,000,000.00	Filing
May 2019 (Apr. 1-30, 2019)	$4,525,407.72	$5,312,206.62	$11,304,133.78	$7,500,000.00	Filing
April 2019 (Mar. 1-31, 2019)	$7,549,651.35	$5,030,433.85	$12,090,932.68	$9,000,000.00	Filing
March 2019 (Feb. 1-28, 2019)	$6,384,969.14	$4,402,730.52	$9,571,715.18	$12,000,000.00	Filing
February 2019 (Jan. 1-31, 2019)	$5,579,820.31	$5,488,279.53	$7,589,476.56	$14,000,000.00	Filing

Special elections[edit]

See also: Special elections to the 116th United States Congress (2019-2020)

Special elections to United States Senate are often required in the event of vacancies. This table lists special Senate elections from 2019 to 2020.

Results of special elections to the 116th Congress (Senate)
Race	Election date	Incumbent	Winner	Election MOV	Previous election MOV	2016 Presidential election MOV
U.S. Senate in Arizona	November 3, 2020	Martha McSally^[11]	Mark Kelly	D+3	D+2	R+4
U.S. Senate in Georgia	January 5, 2021 (runoff)	Kelly Loeffler^[12]	Raphael Warnock	D+2.1	R+14	R+5

Historical special election data[edit]

Special elections, 2013-2022[edit]

From 2013 to 2022, 67 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 117th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 23 seats vacated by Democrats and 44 vacated by Republicans.

The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2022. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 117th Congress
Congress	Total elections held	Vacancies before elections		Seats held after elections		Net change
Congress	Total elections held	Democrats	Republicans	Democrats	Republicans	Net change
117th Congress	17	7	10	7	10	No change
116th Congress	10	3	7	4	6	+1D, -1R
115th Congress	17	4	13	8	9	+4 D, -4 R
114th Congress	7	2	5	2	5	No change
113th Congress	16	7	9	7	9	No change
Averages	13	4	8	5	7	N/A

U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress
Party	As of special election	After special election
Democrats	5	8
Republicans	7	4
Total	12	12

U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress
Party	As of special election	After special election
Democrats	18	20
Republicans	37	35
Total	55	55

To see a list of all the Congressional special elections referenced in the table above, click [show] at the right.

Results of special elections to the 113th through 117th Congress
Race	Election date	Incumbent	Winner	Election MOV	Previous election MOV
Illinois' 2nd Congressional District	April 9, 2013	Jesse L. Jackson, Jr.	Robin Kelly	D+49	D+40
South Carolina's 1st Congressional District	May 7, 2013	Tim Scott	Mark Sanford	R+9	R+26
Missouri's 8th Congressional District	June 4, 2013	Jo Ann Emerson	Jason Smith	R+40	R+47
U.S. Senate in Massachusetts	June 25, 2013	John Kerry	Ed Markey	D+10	D+34
U.S. Senate in New Jersey	October 16, 2013	Frank Lautenberg	Cory Booker	D+11	D+14
Louisiana's 5th Congressional District	November 16, 2013	Rodney Alexander	Vance McAllister	R+19^[13]	R+63
Massachusetts' 5th Congressional District	December 10, 2013	Ed Markey	Katherine Clark	D+34	D+23
Alabama's 1st Congressional District	December 17, 2013	Jo Bonner	Bradley Byrne	R+41	R+98^[14]
Florida's 13th Congressional District	March 11, 2014	C. W. Bill Young	David Jolly	R+2	R+15
Florida's 19th Congressional District	June 24, 2014	Trey Radel	Curt Clawson	R+38	R+26
U.S. Senate in Hawaii	November 4, 2014	Daniel Inouye	Brian Schatz	D+40	D+25
U.S. Senate in South Carolina	November 4, 2014	Jim DeMint	Tim Scott	R+24	R+34
North Carolina's 12th Congressional District	November 4, 2014	Melvin Watt	Alma Adams	D+51	D+59
U.S. Senate in Oklahoma	November 4, 2014	Tom Coburn	James Lankford	R+39	R+45
Virginia's 7th Congressional District	November 4, 2014	Eric Cantor	David Brat	R+24	R+17
New Jersey's 1st Congressional District	November 4, 2014	Rob Andrews	Donald Norcross	D+18	D+38
New York's 11th Congressional District	May 5, 2015	Michael Grimm	Daniel Donovan	R+19	R+12
Mississippi's 1st Congressional District	May 12, 2015	Alan Nunnelee	Trent Kelly	R+40	R+39
Illinois' 18th Congressional District	September 10, 2015	Aaron Schock	Darin LaHood	R+38	R+49
Ohio's 8th Congressional District	June 7, 2016	John Boehner	Warren Davidson	R+56	R+40
Pennsylvania's 2nd Congressional District	November 8, 2016	Chaka Fattah	Dwight Evans	D+81	D+75
Hawaii's 1st Congressional District	November 8, 2016	Mark Takai	Colleen Hanabusa	D+43	D+4
Kentucky's 1st Congressional District	November 8, 2016	Ed Whitfield	James Comer Jr.	R+44	R+46
Kansas' 4th Congressional District	April 11, 2017	Mike Pompeo	Ron Estes	R+6	R+31
Montana's At-Large Congressional District	May 25, 2017	Ryan Zinke	Greg Gianforte	R+6	R+15
California's 34th Congressional District	June 6, 2017	Xavier Becerra	Jimmy Gomez	D+18^[15]	D+54^[15]
Georgia's 6th Congressional District	June 20, 2017	Tom Price	Karen Handel	R+4	R+24
South Carolina's 5th Congressional District	June 20, 2017	Mick Mulvaney	Ralph Norman	R+3	R+20
Utah's 3rd Congressional District	November 7, 2017	Jason Chaffetz	John Curtis	R+32	R+47
U.S. Senate in Alabama	December 12, 2017	Jeff Sessions	Doug Jones	D+2	R+28
Pennsylvania's 18th Congressional District	March 13, 2018	Tim Murphy	Conor Lamb	D+0^[16]	R+100
Arizona's 8th Congressional District	April 24, 2018	Trent Franks	Debbie Lesko	R+6	R+38
Texas' 27th Congressional District	June 30, 2018	Blake Farenthold	Michael Cloud	R+23	R+24
Ohio's 12th Congressional District	August 7, 2018	Patrick Tiberi	Troy Balderson	R+1	R+40
Michigan's 13th Congressional District	November 6, 2018	John Conyers Jr.	Brenda Jones	D+78	D+61
U.S. Senate in Minnesota	November 6, 2018	Al Franken	Tina Smith	D+11	D+10
U.S. Senate in Mississippi	November 6, 2018	Thad Cochran	Cindy Hyde-Smith	R+8	R+22
New York's 25th Congressional District	November 6, 2018	Louise Slaughter	Joseph Morelle	D+16	D+12
Pennsylvania's 7th Congressional District	November 6, 2018	Patrick Meehan	Mary Gay Scanlon	D+6	R+19
Pennsylvania's 15th Congressional District	November 6, 2018	Charlie Dent	Susan Wild	D+0^[17]	R+20
Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District	May 21, 2019	Tom Marino	Fred Keller	R+36	R+32
North Carolina's 3rd Congressional District	September 10, 2019	Walter Jones	Greg Murphy	R+24	R+100
North Carolina's 9th Congressional District	September 10, 2019	None^[18]	Dan Bishop	R+2	N/A
Maryland's 7th Congressional District	April 28, 2020	Elijah Cummings	Kweisi Mfume	D+49	D+55
California's 25th Congressional District	May 12, 2020	Katie Hill	Mike Garcia	R+10	D+9
Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District	May 12, 2020	Sean Duffy	Tom Tiffany	R+14	R+22
New York's 27th Congressional District	June 23, 2020	Chris Collins	Christopher Jacobs	R+5	R+0^[19]
U.S. Senate in Arizona	November 3, 2020	John McCain	Mark Kelly	D+2	R+13
Georgia's 5th Congressional District	December 1, 2020	John Lewis	Kwanza Hall	D+8	D+100
U.S. Senate in Georgia	January 5, 2021	Kelly Loeffler	Raphael Warnock	D+2	R+14
Louisiana's 5th Congressional District	March 21, 2021	Ralph Abraham^[20]	Julia Letlow	R+38	R+24^[21]
Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District	April 24, 2021	Cedric Richmond	Troy Carter	D+10^[22]	D+49
New Mexico's 1st Congressional District	June 1, 2021	Debra Haaland	Melanie Ann Stansbury	D+30	D+16
Texas' 6th Congressional District	July 27, 2021	Ronald Wright	Jake Ellzey	R+6^[23]	R+9
Ohio's 11th Congressional District	November 2, 2021	Marcia Fudge	Shontel Brown	D+58	D+60
Ohio's 15th Congressional District	November 2, 2021	Steve Stivers	Mike Carey	R+17	R+27
Florida's 20th Congressional District	January 11, 2022	Alcee Hastings	Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick	D+60	D+57
California's 22nd Congressional District	June 7, 2022	Devin Nunes	Connie Conway	R+24	R+8
Texas' 34th Congressional District	June 14, 2022	Filemon Vela	Mayra Flores	R+8	D+14
Nebraska's 1st Congressional District	June 28, 2022	Jeffrey Fortenberry	Mike Flood	R+6	R+22
Minnesota's 1st Congressional District	August 9, 2022	Jim Hagedorn	Brad Finstad	R+4	R+3
Alaska's At-Large Congressional District	August 16, 2022	Don Young	Mary Peltola	D+3	R+9
New York's 19th Congressional District	August 23, 2022	Antonio Delgado	Pat Ryan	D+2	D+12
New York's 23rd Congressional District	August 23, 2022	Tom Reed	Joe Sempolinski	R+7	R+17
U.S. Senate in Oklahoma	November 8, 2022	Jim Inhofe	Markwayne Mullin	R+26.6	R+30
U.S. Senate in California	November 8, 2022	Kamala Harris	Alex Padilla	D+17.6	D+23.2
Indiana's 2nd Congressional District	November 8, 2022	Jackie Walorski	Rudy Yakym	R+29.9	R+23

Special elections, 1986-2012[edit]

The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.

Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012)
Election cycle	Total special elections	U.S. House elections	Seats changing partisan control	U.S. Senate elections	Seats changing partisan control
2011-2012	11	11	None	None	None
2009-2010	15	10	3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain)	5	2 (all Republican gains)
2007-2008	14	12	3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain)	2	None
2005-2006	12	12	3 (all Democratic gains)	None	None
2003-2004	6	6	None	None	None
2001-2002	6	5	2 (all Democratic gains)	1	1 (Republican gain)
1999-2000	9	8	1 (Republican gain)	1	1 (Democratic gain)
1997-1998	3	3	None	None	None
1995-1996	11	9	1 (Republican gain)	2	1 (Democratic gain)
1993-1994	9	6	1 (Republican gain)	3	3 (all Republican gains)
1991-1992	10	7	2 (all Republican gains)	3	1 (Democratic gain)
1989-1990	10	8	1 (Democratic gain)	2	None
1987-1988	12	12	3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain)	None	None
1985-1986	8	8	1 (Republican gain)	None	None
Total	136	117	21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains)	19	9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains)

Presidential election data[edit]

Democrats were defending 2 seats in states won by Donald Trump (R) in the 2016 presidential election: Alabama (held by Doug Jones) and Michigan (held by Gary Peters). Trump won Alabama by 28 points and Michigan by less than 1 percentage point.

Republicans were defending 2 seats in states won by Hillary Clinton (D) in the 2016 presidential election: Colorado (held by Cory Gardner) and Maine (held by Susan Collins). Clinton won Colorado by 5 points and Maine by 3 points.

States that held presidential and U.S. Senate elections in 2020
State	U.S. Senate winner	U.S. Senate margin	Presidential winner	Presidential margin	Difference between margins^[24]
Alabama	Tommy Tuberville	R+20.4	Donald Trump	R+25.4	R+5.0
Alaska	Daniel S. Sullivan	R+12.7	Donald Trump	R+10.0	D+2.7
Arizona	Mark Kelly	D+2.4	Joe Biden	D+0.3	R+2.1
Arkansas	Tom Cotton	R+33.1	Donald Trump	R+27.6	D+5.5
Colorado	John Hickenlooper	D+9.3	Joe Biden	D+13.5	D+4.2
Delaware	Chris Coons	D+21.5	Joe Biden	D+18.9	R+2.6
Georgia	Jon Ossoff	D+0.8	Joe Biden	D+0.2	R+0.6
Georgia (special election)	Raphael Warnock	D+1.7	Joe Biden	D+0.2	R+1.5
Idaho	Jim Risch	R+29.4	Donald Trump	R+30.7	R+1.3
Illinois	Dick Durbin	D+16.1	Joe Biden	D+17.0	D+0.9
Iowa	Joni Ernst	R+6.6	Donald Trump	R+8.2	R+1.6
Kansas	Roger Marshall	R+11.4	Donald Trump	R+14.6	R+3.2
Kentucky	Mitch McConnell	R+19.5	Donald Trump	R+25.9	R+6.4
Louisiana	Bill Cassidy	R+40.3	Donald Trump	R+18.6	D+21.7
Maine	Susan Collins	R+8.6	Joe Biden	D+9.1	D+17.7
Massachusetts	Edward Markey	D+33.1	Joe Biden	D+33.5	D+0.4
Michigan	Gary Peters	D+1.7	Joe Biden	D+2.8	D+1.1
Minnesota	Tina Smith	D+5.3	Joe Biden	D+7.1	D+1.8
Mississippi	Cindy Hyde-Smith	R+10.0	Donald Trump	R+16.5	R+6.5
Montana	Steve Daines	R+10.0	Donald Trump	R+16.4	R+6.4
Nebraska	Ben Sasse	R+38.3	Donald Trump	R+19.1	D+19.2
New Hampshire	Jeanne Shaheen	D+15.7	Joe Biden	D+7.3	R+8.4
New Jersey	Cory Booker	D+16.3	Joe Biden	D+15.9	R+0.4
New Mexico	Ben Ray Lujan	D+6.1	Joe Biden	D+10.8	D+4.7
North Carolina	Thom Tillis	R+1.8	Donald Trump	R+1.3	D+0.5
Oklahoma	Jim Inhofe	R+30.2	Donald Trump	R+33.1	R+2.9
Oregon	Jeff Merkley	D+17.6	Joe Biden	D+16.1	R+1.5
Rhode Island	Jack Reed	D+33.1	Joe Biden	D+20.8	R+12.3
South Carolina	Lindsey Graham	R+10.3	Donald Trump	R+11.7	R+1.4
South Dakota	Mike Rounds	R+31.5	Donald Trump	R+26.2	D+5.3
Tennessee	Bill Hagerty	R+27.0	Donald Trump	R+23.2	D+3.8
Texas	John Cornyn	R+9.6	Donald Trump	R+5.6	D+4.0
Virginia	Mark Warner	D+12.1	Joe Biden	D+10.1	R+2.0
West Virginia	Shelley Moore Capito	R+43.3	Donald Trump	R+38.9	D+4.4
Wyoming	Cynthia Lummis	R+46.1	Donald Trump	R+43.1	D+3.0

In 2018, Senate seats were up for election in 10 states with a Democratic incumbent that Trump won and one state with a Republican incumbent that Clinton won. Click here for more details.

States that held both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020[edit]

See also: States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020

There are five states that held elections for both governor and U.S. Senate in 2020: Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and West Virginia.

States holding both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020
State	Incumbent Governor	Open Seat?	Incumbent Senator	Open Seat?
Delaware	John Carney Jr.	No	Chris Coons	No
Montana	Steve Bullock	Yes	Steve Daines	No
New Hampshire	Chris Sununu	No	Jeanne Shaheen	No
North Carolina	Roy Cooper	No	Thom Tillis	No
West Virginia	Jim Justice	No	Shelley Moore Capito	No

Important dates and deadlines[edit]

The table below lists filing deadlines and primary dates in each state for Democratic Party and Republican Party candidates for congressional and state-level office.^[25]

Primary dates and filing deadlines, 2020
State	Filing deadline for primary candidates	Primary date	Primary runoff date
Alabama	11/08/2019	03/03/2020	7/14/2020^[26]
Arkansas	11/12/2019	03/03/2020	03/31/2020
Illinois	12/02/2019	03/17/2020	N/A
California	12/06/2019	03/03/2020	N/A
Texas	12/09/2019	03/03/2020	07/14/2020^[27]
Ohio	12/18/2019	04/28/2020^[28]	N/A
North Carolina	12/20/2019^[29]	03/03/2020	06/23/2020^[30]
Mississippi	01/10/2020	03/10/2020	06/23/2020^[31]
Kentucky	01/10/2020	06/23/2020^[32]	N/A
Maryland	01/24/2020	06/02/2020^[33]	N/A
West Virginia	01/25/2020	06/09/2020^[34]	N/A
Indiana	02/07/2020	06/02/2020^[35]	N/A
Pennsylvania	02/18/2020	06/02/2020^[36]	N/A
Nebraska	03/02/2020	05/12/2020	N/A
Georgia	03/06/2020	06/09/2020^[37]	08/11/2020^[38]
Montana	03/09/2020	06/02/2020	N/A
New Mexico	03/10/2020	06/02/2020	N/A
Oregon	03/10/2020	05/19/2020	N/A
Idaho	03/13/2020	06/02/2020^[39]	N/A
Iowa	03/13/2020	06/02/2020	N/A
Nevada	03/13/2020	06/09/2020	N/A
Maine	03/16/2020	07/14/2020^[40]	N/A
Colorado	03/17/2020	06/30/2020	N/A
Utah	03/19/2020	06/30/2020	N/A
Virginia	03/26/2020	06/23/2020^[41]	N/A
New Jersey	03/30/2020	07/07/2020^[42]	N/A
South Carolina	03/30/2020	06/09/2020	06/23/2020
Missouri	03/31/2020	08/04/2020	N/A
South Dakota	03/31/2020	06/02/2020	08/11/2020
New York	04/02/2020	06/23/2020	N/A
Tennessee	04/02/2020	08/06/2020	N/A
Arizona	04/06/2020	08/04/2020	N/A
North Dakota	04/06/2020	06/09/2020	N/A
Oklahoma	04/10/2020	06/30/2020	08/25/2020
Michigan	04/21/2020 (offices with option to pay filing fee) & 05/08/2020 (offices requiring nominating petitions)^[43]	08/04/2020	N/A
Florida	04/24/2020 (congressional and judicial offices) & 6/12/2020 (state legislators)	08/18/2020	N/A
Massachusetts	05/05/2020 (local) & 06/02/2020 (state)^[44]	09/01/2020	N/A
Washington	05/15/2020	08/04/2020	N/A
Vermont	05/28/2020	08/11/2020	N/A
Wyoming	05/29/2020	08/18/2020	N/A
Alaska	06/01/2020	08/18/2020	N/A
Kansas	06/01/2020	08/04/2020	N/A
Wisconsin	06/01/2020	08/11/2020	N/A
Hawaii	06/02/2020	08/08/2020	N/A
Minnesota	06/02/2020	08/11/2020	N/A
Connecticut	06/11/2020^[45]	08/11/2020	N/A
New Hampshire	06/12/2020	09/08/2020	N/A
Rhode Island	06/24/2020 (declaration of candidacy due) 07/10/2020 (nomination papers due)	09/08/2020	N/A
Delaware	07/14/2020	09/15/2020	N/A
Louisiana	07/24/2020^[46]	11/03/2020	N/A

Filed candidates by political party[edit]

As of September 7, 2020, 519 candidates were filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to run for U.S. Senate in 2020. Of those, 402—199 Democrats and 203 Republicans—were from one of the two major political parties. In 2018, 527 candidates filed with the FEC to run for U.S. Senate, including 137 Democrats and 240 Republicans.

The following chart shows the number of filed candidates by political party.

Congressional approval rating[edit]

See also: Ballotpedia's Polling Index: Congressional approval rating

The congressional approval rating indicates public satisfaction in the job performance of the members of the United States Congress. It is the percentage of people polled who responded favorably toward the work of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.

Noteworthy events[edit]

Supreme Court vacancy, 2020[edit]

See also: Supreme Court vacancy, 2020

Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg died on September 18, 2020. The Senate Judiciary Committee holds hearings and votes on Supreme Court nominees. The committee’s practice has been to send nominations, regardless of whether the nominee wins a majority of the committee vote, to the full Senate to allow the chamber to decide whether he or she should be confirmed.

Ballot access requirements[edit]

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in the 2020 election cycle. Note that the below information is not comprehensive. Additional information will be added as it becomes available.

Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2020
State	Office	Party	Signatures required	Signature formula	Filing fee	Filing fee formula	Filing deadline	Source
Alabama	U.S. Senate	Democratic	N/A	N/A	$3,480.00	2% of annual salary	11/8/2019	Source
Alabama	U.S. Senate	Republican	N/A	N/A	$3,480.00	2% of annual salary	11/8/2019	Source
Alabama	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	51,588	3% of votes cast for governor in the last election	N/A	N/A	3/3/2020	Source
Alaska	U.S. Senate	Democratic	N/A	N/A	$100.00	Fixed number	6/1/2020	Source
Alaska	U.S. Senate	Independence	N/A	N/A	$100.00	Fixed number	6/1/2020	Source
Alaska	U.S. Senate	Republican	N/A	N/A	$100.00	Fixed number	6/1/2020	Source
Alaska	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	2,850	1% of votes cast in the last general election	N/A	N/A	8/18/2020	Source
Arizona	U.S. Senate	Democratic	6,325	0.5% of qualified voters	N/A	N/A	4/6/2020	Source
Arizona	U.S. Senate	Libertarian	3,335	0.5% of qualified voters	N/A	N/A	4/6/2020	Source
Arizona	U.S. Senate	Republican	6,663	0.5% of qualified voters	N/A	N/A	4/6/2020	Source
Arizona	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	39,039	3% of qualified voters	N/A	N/A	4/6/2020	Source
Arkansas	U.S. Senate	Democratic	N/A	N/A	$12,000.00	Fixed number	11/12/2019	Source
Arkansas	U.S. Senate	Republican	N/A	N/A	$20,000.00	Fixed number	11/12/2019	Source
Arkansas	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	10,000	3% of total votes cast for governor in the last election, not to exceed 10,000	N/A	N/A	5/1/2020	Source
Colorado	U.S. Senate	Major party	10,500	1,500 per congressional district	N/A	N/A	3/17/2020	Source
Colorado	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	7,000	1,000 signatures from each congressional district	N/A	N/A	7/9/2020	Source
Delaware	U.S. Senate	Democratic	N/A	N/A	$10,440.00	Fixed number	7/14/2020	Source
Delaware	U.S. Senate	Republican	N/A	N/A	TBD	Fixed number	7/14/2020	Source
Delaware	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	7,124	1% of all eligible voters	N/A	N/A	9/1/2020	Source
Georgia	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$5,220.00	3% of annual salary	3/6/2020	Source
Georgia	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	51,686	1% of voters eligible to vote for the office in the last election	$5,220.00	3% of annual salary	7/14/2020	Source
Idaho	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$500.00	Fixed number	3/13/2020	Source
Idaho	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	1,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	3/13/2020	Source
Illinois	U.S. Senate	Democratic and Republican	5,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	12/2/2019	Source
Illinois	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	25,000	1% of voters or 25,000 voters, whichever is fewer	N/A	N/A	6/22/2020	Source
Iowa	U.S. Senate	Democratic	3,155	0.5% of votes cast for the party's candidate for governor in 2018	N/A	N/A	3/13/2020	Source
Iowa	U.S. Senate	Republican	3,337	0.5% of votes cast for the party's candidate for governor in 2018	N/A	N/A	3/13/2020	Source
Iowa	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	1,500	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	3/13/2020	Source
Kansas	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$1,760.00	1% of annual salary plus administrative fees	6/1/2020	Source
Kansas	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	5,000	Fixed number	$20.00	Fixed number (administrative fee)	8/3/2020	Source
Kentucky	U.S. Senate	All parties	2	Fixed number	$500.00	Fixed number	1/28/2020	Source
Kentucky	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	5,000	Fixed number	$500.00	Fixed number	6/2/2020	Source
Louisiana	U.S. Senate	All parties	N/A	N/A	$900.00	Fixed number	7/17/2020	Source
Louisiana	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	N/A	N/A	$900.00	Fixed number	7/17/2020	Source
Maine	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	2,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	3/16/2020	Source
Maine	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	4,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	6/1/2020	Source
Massachusetts	U.S. Senate	All parties	10,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	6/2/2020	Source
Massachusetts	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	10,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	8/25/2020	Source
Michigan	U.S. Senate	Major party	15,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	5/8/2020	Source
Michigan	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	30,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	7/16/2020	Source
Minnesota	U.S. Senate	Major party	N/A	N/A	$400.00	Fixed number	6/2/2020	Source
Minnesota	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	2,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	6/2/2020	Source
Mississippi	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$1,000.00	Fixed number	1/10/2020	Source
Mississippi	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	1,000	Fixed number	$1,000.00	Fixed number	1/10/2020	Source
Montana	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	3/9/2020	Source
Montana	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	12,694	5% of total votes cast for successful candidate in the last general election	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	6/1/2020	Source
Nebraska	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	3/2/2020	Source
Nebraska	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	4,000	Fixed number	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	8/3/2020	Source
New Hampshire	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$100.00	Fixed number	6/12/2020	Source
New Hampshire	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	3,000	Fixed number	$100.00	Fixed number	9/2/2020	Source
New Jersey	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	1,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	3/30/2020	Source
New Jersey	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	800	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	6/2/2020	Source
New Mexico	U.S. Senate	Democratic	3,518-7,036	2%-4% of votes cast for all of the party's gubernatorial candidates in the last primary	N/A	N/A	3/10/2020	Source
New Mexico	U.S. Senate	Libertarian	230-460	2%-4% of votes cast for all of the party's gubernatorial candidates in the last primary	N/A	N/A	3/10/2020	Source
New Mexico	U.S. Senate	Republican	1,503-3,006	2%-4% of votes cast for all of the party's gubernatorial candidates in the last primary	N/A	N/A	3/10/2020	Source
New Mexico	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	20,894	3% of all votes cast for governor in the last election	N/A	N/A	6/25/2020	Source
North Carolina	U.S. Senate	Recognized party	N/A	N/A	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	12/20/2019	Source
North Carolina	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	71,545	1.5% of all votes cast for governor in the last election	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	3/3/2020	Source
Oklahoma	U.S. Senate	All candidates	N/A	N/A	$2,000.00	Fixed number	4/10/2020	Source
Oregon	U.S. Senate	Major party	N/A	N/A	$150.00	Fixed number	3/10/2020	Source
Oregon	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	20,014	1% of votes cast in the district for president	N/A	N/A	8/25/2020	Source
Rhode Island	U.S. Senate	Recognized party	1,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	7/16/2020	Source
Rhode Island	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	1,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	7/16/2020	Source
South Carolina	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	N/A	N/A	$10,440.00	1% of annual salary multiplied by term of office	3/30/2020	Source
South Carolina	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	10,000	5% of active registered voters in the state, or 10,000, whichever is less	N/A	N/A	8/17/2020	Source
South Dakota	U.S. Senate	Democratic	1,615	1% of all votes cast for Democratic gubernatorial nominee in last election	N/A	N/A	3/31/2020	Source
South Dakota	U.S. Senate	Republican	1,730	1% of all votes cast for Republican gubernatorial nominee in last election	N/A	N/A	3/31/2020	Source
South Dakota	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	3,393	1% of all votes cast for governor in the last election	N/A	N/A	4/28/2020	Source
Tennessee	U.S. Senate	All candidates	25	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	4/2/2020	Source
Texas	U.S. Senate	Democratic or Republican	N/A	N/A	$5,000.00	Fixed number	12/9/2019	Source
Texas	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	83,717	1% of all votes cast for governor in the last election	N/A	N/A	12/9/2019 (declaration of intent); 6/25/2020 (final filing deadline)	Source
Virginia	U.S. Senate	Qualified party	10,000	Fixed number	$3,480.00	2% of annual salary	3/26/2020	Source
Virginia	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	10,000	Fixed number	N/A	N/A	6/9/2020	Source
West Virginia	U.S. Senate	Recognized party	N/A	N/A	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	1/25/2020	Source
West Virginia	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	4,537	1% of all votes cast in the last election for the office being sought	$1,740.00	1% of annual salary	7/31/2020	Source
Wyoming	U.S. Senate	Major party	N/A	N/A	$200.00	Fixed number	5/29/2020	Source
Wyoming	U.S. Senate	Unaffiliated	4,025	2% of all votes cast for U.S. Representative in the last election	$200.00	Fixed number	8/25/2020	Source

Wave elections[edit]

See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)

In a July 2018 report, Ballotpedia defined wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in the last 100 years resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party. U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016 are listed in the table below.

U.S. Senate wave elections
Year	President	Party	Election type	Senate seats change	Senate majority^[47]
1932	Hoover	R	Presidential	-13	D (flipped)
1958	Eisenhower	R	Second midterm	-12	D
1980	Carter	D	Presidential	-11	R (flipped)
1946	Truman	D	First midterm	-10	R (flipped)
1942	Roosevelt	D	Third midterm	-9	D
2014	Obama	D	Second midterm	-9	R (flipped)
1986	Reagan	R	Second midterm	-8	D (flipped)
2008	George W. Bush	R	Presidential	-8	D
1926	Coolidge	R	First midterm^[48]	-7	R
1930	Hoover	R	First midterm	-7	R

Analysis of federal elections, 2020[edit]

See also: Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020

All 435 U.S. House seats, 34 U.S. Senate seats, and the presidency were up for regular elections in the 2020 elections. At the time of the election, the president and a majority of members of the U.S. Senate were Republicans, while a majority of members of the U.S. House were Democrats.

Election analysis[edit]

Presidential election

Congressional elections

U.S. House elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate, 2020

Third-party candidates who won more than the margin of victory, 2020

External links[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Independent Senators Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Angus King (I-Maine) caucus with Democrats
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Politico, "Republican Control of the Senate Hangs by a Thread," December 21, 2017
↑ The Cook Political Report, "2020 Senate Race Ratings"
↑ Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales, "Senate Ratings"
↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2020 Senate race ratings"
↑ Figure includes Sen. Joe Lieberman (I-Conn.).
↑ This considers major party competition at the time of the primary in states with top-two primaries (CA, LA, and WA) and at the time of the general election for all other states.
↑ In this analysis, a race without major party competition is defined as a race for an office where at no point in the election cycle a Republican appears on the ballot with a Democrat or vice versa. In most instances, this would be the general election ballot. In the case of top-two primary states, that primary would also be taken into consideration even if two candidates from the same party eventually advance to the general election. This definition differs from elsewhere on Ballotpedia and therefore numbers for this metric on other pages might not equal what is included here. Ballotpedia is in the process of updating competitiveness data from 2010 to 2020 and bringing this section in line with the definition used elsewhere will be part of that process.
↑ This seat was last up for regular election in 2016. Incumbent John McCain (R) won re-election by a margin of 13.0 percent.
↑ This seat was last up for regular election in 2016. Incumbent Johnny Isakson (R) won re-election by a margin of 13.8 percent.
↑ In December 2018, McSally was appointed to fill the Senate seat previously held by John McCain (R), who passed away in August 2018. Jon Kyl (R) was first appointed to the seat and held it from September 2018 to December 2018. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term McCain was elected to in 2016.
↑ Isakson announced his resignation effective December 31, 2019. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term Isakson was elected to in 2016.
↑ Both general election candidates were Republicans.
↑ This race was unopposed.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
↑ Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
↑ The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
↑ Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
↑ This number is calculated by subtracting the senatorial margin of victory from the presidential margin of victory. For example, a value of D+2 means Joe Biden's margin was two percentage points greater than the Democratic senatorial candidate.
↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 primary calendar," June 4, 2019
↑ Note: Alabama's primary runoff election was postponed from March 31 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Texas' primary runoff election was postponed from May 26 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Ohio's primary election was postponed from March 17 to April 28, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: On November 20, 2019, a three-judge panel of North Carolina's state superior court issued an order delaying the congressional candidate filing period for the 2020 election cycle while the state's U.S. House district plan was reviewed. The filing period for U.S. House candidates, set to open on December 2 and close on December 20, 2019, was temporarily delayed while a three-panel judge heard arguments on December 2, 2019. The judges ruled that the redrawn congressional maps should stand, meaning the filing period would open and close as scheduled.
↑ Note: North Carolina's primary runoff election was postponed from May 12 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Mississippi's primary runoff election was postponed from March 31 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Kentucky's primary election was postponed from May 19 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Maryland's primary election was postponed from April 28 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: West Virginia's primary election was postponed from May 12 to June 9, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Indiana's primary election was postponed from May 5 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Pennsylvania's primary election was postponed from April 28 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Georgia's primary election was postponed from May 19 to June 9, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Georgia's primary runoff election was postponed from July 21 to August 11, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Idaho's primary election election was postponed from May 19 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Maine's primary election was postponed from June 9 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Virginia's primary election was postponed from June 9 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: New Jersey's primary election was postponed from June 2 to July 7, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Michigan's primary filing deadline was postponed from April 21 to May 8, 2020, for offices that require nominating petitions and do not have the option to pay a filing fee to access the ballot. The change was in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ To appear on the ballot in Massachusetts, prospective candidates must submit nomination papers for certification to the registrars of the cities or towns in which signatures were collected and to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The local filing deadline must occur four weeks prior to the candidate's second filing deadline with the Secretary of the Commonwealth. In 2020, the local-level filing deadline was May 5 and the state-level filing deadline was June 2. Click here to learn more.
↑ Note: Connecticut's candidate filing deadlines were postponed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Note: Louisiana's candidate filing deadlines were postponed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
↑ Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. Senate following the election.
↑ Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.

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[ind-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Independent Senators Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Angus King (I-Maine) caucus with Democrats

[politicopartisan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Politico, "Republican Control of the Senate Hangs by a Thread," December 21, 2017

[3] The Cook Political Report, "2020 Senate Race Ratings"

[4] Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales, "Senate Ratings"

[5] Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2020 Senate race ratings"

[6] Figure includes Sen. Joe Lieberman (I-Conn.).

[7] This considers major party competition at the time of the primary in states with top-two primaries (CA, LA, and WA) and at the time of the general election for all other states.

[mpo-8] In this analysis, a race without major party competition is defined as a race for an office where at no point in the election cycle a Republican appears on the ballot with a Democrat or vice versa. In most instances, this would be the general election ballot. In the case of top-two primary states, that primary would also be taken into consideration even if two candidates from the same party eventually advance to the general election. This definition differs from elsewhere on Ballotpedia and therefore numbers for this metric on other pages might not equal what is included here. Ballotpedia is in the process of updating competitiveness data from 2010 to 2020 and bringing this section in line with the definition used elsewhere will be part of that process.

[9] This seat was last up for regular election in 2016. Incumbent John McCain (R) won re-election by a margin of 13.0 percent.

[10] This seat was last up for regular election in 2016. Incumbent Johnny Isakson (R) won re-election by a margin of 13.8 percent.

[11] In December 2018, McSally was appointed to fill the Senate seat previously held by John McCain (R), who passed away in August 2018. Jon Kyl (R) was first appointed to the seat and held it from September 2018 to December 2018. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term McCain was elected to in 2016.

[12] Isakson announced his resignation effective December 31, 2019. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term Isakson was elected to in 2016.

[Reps-13] Both general election candidates were Republicans.

[Unopp-14] This race was unopposed.

[Dems-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.

[16] Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.

[17] Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.

[18] The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.

[19] Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.

[20] This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.

[21] Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.

[22] Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.

[23] Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.

[24] This number is calculated by subtracting the senatorial margin of victory from the presidential margin of victory. For example, a value of D+2 means Joe Biden's margin was two percentage points greater than the Democratic senatorial candidate.

[25] Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 primary calendar," June 4, 2019

[26] Note: Alabama's primary runoff election was postponed from March 31 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[27] Note: Texas' primary runoff election was postponed from May 26 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[28] Note: Ohio's primary election was postponed from March 17 to April 28, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[NCdelay-29] Note: On November 20, 2019, a three-judge panel of North Carolina's state superior court issued an order delaying the congressional candidate filing period for the 2020 election cycle while the state's U.S. House district plan was reviewed. The filing period for U.S. House candidates, set to open on December 2 and close on December 20, 2019, was temporarily delayed while a three-panel judge heard arguments on December 2, 2019. The judges ruled that the redrawn congressional maps should stand, meaning the filing period would open and close as scheduled.

[30] Note: North Carolina's primary runoff election was postponed from May 12 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[31] Note: Mississippi's primary runoff election was postponed from March 31 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[32] Note: Kentucky's primary election was postponed from May 19 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[33] Note: Maryland's primary election was postponed from April 28 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[34] Note: West Virginia's primary election was postponed from May 12 to June 9, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[35] Note: Indiana's primary election was postponed from May 5 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[36] Note: Pennsylvania's primary election was postponed from April 28 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[37] Note: Georgia's primary election was postponed from May 19 to June 9, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[38] Note: Georgia's primary runoff election was postponed from July 21 to August 11, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[39] Note: Idaho's primary election election was postponed from May 19 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[40] Note: Maine's primary election was postponed from June 9 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[41] Note: Virginia's primary election was postponed from June 9 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[42] Note: New Jersey's primary election was postponed from June 2 to July 7, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[43] Note: Michigan's primary filing deadline was postponed from April 21 to May 8, 2020, for offices that require nominating petitions and do not have the option to pay a filing fee to access the ballot. The change was in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[44] To appear on the ballot in Massachusetts, prospective candidates must submit nomination papers for certification to the registrars of the cities or towns in which signatures were collected and to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The local filing deadline must occur four weeks prior to the candidate's second filing deadline with the Secretary of the Commonwealth. In 2020, the local-level filing deadline was May 5 and the state-level filing deadline was June 2. Click here to learn more.

[45] Note: Connecticut's candidate filing deadlines were postponed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[46] Note: Louisiana's candidate filing deadlines were postponed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

[47] Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. Senate following the election.

[CC-48] Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.

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