Virginia House of Delegates elections, 2023
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| 2023 Virginia House Elections | |
|---|---|
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| Primary | June 20, 2023 |
| General | November 7, 2023 |
| Past Election Results |
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| 2023 Elections | |
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| Choose a chamber below: | |
Democrats won a majority in the Virginia House of Delegates in the general election on November 7, 2023. Before the election, Republicans held a 48-46 majority with six vacancies in the chamber. The election resulted in a 51-49 Democratic majority, representing a net change of +5 for Democrats and +1 for Republicans.
Ballotpedia identified seven battleground elections in this chamber. Heading into the election, Republicans represented four of the districts, while Democrats represented three. Republicans won four districts and Democrats won three, with one incumbent losing re-election. Click here to learn more. We also watched six battlegrounds in the June 20 primaries.
Democrats "largely centered their message to voters around pledges to protect abortion rights," while "Republicans campaigned on issues including lowering taxes, supporting parental involvement in schools, ... [and proposing a] 15-week abortion ban with exceptions for rape, incest and the life of the mother."[1] Following the election, University of Richmond professor Carl Tobias said, "Most Virginia voters — especially suburban women and people of color — want a government that works for them on issues like funding for public schools, social programs, a healthy environment, and law enforcement. ... They also seem to want less emphasis on divisive ‘culture war’ issues, namely fewer restrictions on reproductive freedom and transgender students in public schools."[2]
The 2023 election determined control of the General Assembly and Virginia's trifecta status. Democrats maintained control of the Senate and won control of the House on November 7, 2023, meaning Virginia's trifecta status remained divided. If Republicans maintained control of the House and won control of the Senate, Virginia would have become a Republican trifecta.
Writing for CBS News, Olivia Rinaldi said, "Both parties nationally look toward Virginia's off-year elections as a bellwether for the next year's elections, with Youngkin's victory in 2021 in a state President Biden won by 10 points indicating Democrats were in danger of losing control of the U.S. House."[3] On November 4, President Joe Biden (D) issued endorsements in 16 House races.[4]
As of October 2023, the States Project, funded by The PAC for America’s Future, had invested at least $4.5 million into Democratic legislative candidates.[5] The Spirit of Virginia, Gov. Glenn Youngkin's (R) PAC, had $7 million cash on hand, and had reportedly transferred millions to Republican legislative candidates.[6] The Democratic National Committee had spent 15 times more on Virginia's legislative races than it did in 2019, while Youngkin's Spirit of Virginia raised almost five times more in quarter four than former Gov. Terry McAuliffe (D) did during the same time period in 2015.[6][7]
Thirty-two House incumbents did not file for re-election in 2023. This was the largest number of retirements since 2011, and a 244% increase from the average of 9.3 retirements per cycle between 2011 and 2021. Of the 32, 17 were Democrats and 15 were Republicans. Click here to learn more.
This was Virginia’s first election under new state legislative maps following the 2020 redistricting cycle. The number of open districts tends to increase after redistricting. Incumbents may opt against running for re-election because they now live in a district with a different partisan makeup compared to the one they previously represented or because they now live in a district with another incumbent.
Of the 100 House districts up for election, 54 were contested and 46 were uncontested. Democrats were guaranteed to win 33 of the 46 uncontested districts, while Republicans were guaranteed 13.
To learn more about how the House elections affected Virginia's state government, click here.
The Virginia House of Delegates was one of eight state legislative chambers with elections in 2023. There are 99 chambers throughout the country. A primary was held on June 20, 2023. The filing deadline was April 6, 2023.
Party control[edit]
| Virginia House of Delegates | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2023 | After November 8, 2023 | |
| Democratic Party | 46 | 51 | |
| Republican Party | 48 | 49 | |
| Vacancy | 6 | 0 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | |
Candidates[edit]
General election[edit]
Virginia House of Delegates general election 2023 |
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| Office |  Democratic |
 Republican |
Other |
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| District 2 |
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| District 3 |
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Mike Webb (Independent) |
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| District 4 |
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| District 13 |
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David Crance (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 14 |
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| District 15 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 16 |
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| District 17 |
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Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 18 |
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| District 19 |
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| District 20 |
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| District 30 |
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| District 31 |
Grace Morrison (Independent) |
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| District 32 |
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| District 33 |
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| District 34 |
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| District 37 |
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| District 38 |
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| District 39 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 40 |
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| District 41 |
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| District 42 |
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| District 43 |
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Dave Ratliff (Independent) |
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| District 44 |
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| District 45 |
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| District 46 |
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| District 47 |
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Jacob Frogel (Independent) |
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| District 48 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 49 |
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| District 50 |
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| District 51 |
Matt Fariss (i) (Independent) |
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| District 52 |
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| District 53 |
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| District 54 |
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| District 55 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 56 |
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| District 57 |
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| District 58 |
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| District 59 |
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| District 60 |
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| District 61 |
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| District 63 |
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| District 64 |
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| District 65 |
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| District 66 |
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| District 67 |
Richard Kenski (Independent) |
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| District 68 |
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| District 69 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 70 |
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Michael Bartley (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 71 |
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| District 72 |
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| District 73 |
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| District 74 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 75 |
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| District 76 |
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| District 77 |
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| District 78 |
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| District 79 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 80 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 81 |
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| District 82 |
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| District 83 |
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| District 84 |
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| District 85 |
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| District 86 |
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| District 87 |
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| District 88 |
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| District 89 |
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| District 90 |
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| District 91 |
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Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 92 |
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| District 93 |
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| District 94 |
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| District 95 |
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| District 96 |
Nicholas Olenik (Independent Party) |
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| District 97 |
Karen Greenhalgh (i) |
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| District 98 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 99 |
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| District 100 |
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Primary[edit]
Virginia House of Delegates primary 2023 |
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| Office | Democratic |
Republican |
Other |
| District 1 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 2 |
Did not make the ballot: |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 3 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 4 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 5 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 6 |
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| District 7 |
Mary Barthelson |
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| District 8 |
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| District 9 |
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| District 10 |
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| District 11 |
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| District 12 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 13 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 14 |
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| District 15 |
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| District 16 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 17 |
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| District 18 |
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| District 19 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 20 |
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| District 21 |
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| District 22 |
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| District 23 |
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| District 24 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 25 |
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| District 26 |
Sirisha Kompalli Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 27 |
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| District 28 |
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| District 29 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 30 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 31 |
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| District 32 |
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| District 33 |
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| District 34 |
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| District 35 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 36 |
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| District 37 |
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| District 38 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 39 |
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| District 40 |
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| District 41 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 42 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 43 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 44 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 45 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 46 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 47 |
Marie March (i) |
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| District 48 |
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| District 49 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 50 |
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| District 51 |
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| District 52 |
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| District 53 |
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| District 54 |
Bellamy Brown Did not make the ballot: |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 55 |
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| District 56 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 57 |
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| District 58 |
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| District 59 |
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| District 60 |
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| District 61 |
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| District 62 |
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| District 63 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 64 |
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| District 65 |
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| District 66 |
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| District 67 |
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| District 68 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 69 |
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| District 70 |
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| District 71 |
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| District 72 |
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| District 73 |
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| District 74 |
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| District 75 |
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| District 76 |
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| District 77 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 78 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 79 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 80 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 81 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 82 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 83 |
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| District 84 |
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| District 85 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 86 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 87 |
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| District 88 |
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| District 89 |
Don Carey III Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 90 |
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| District 91 |
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| District 92 |
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| District 93 |
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| District 94 |
Amy Chudzinski Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 95 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 96 |
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| District 97 |
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| District 98 |
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| District 99 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 100 |
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Convention candidates[edit]
The following candidates filed to run in Republican Party conventions:
May 6, 2023
- Tony Wilt, District 34
- Tim Griffin, District 53
- Sarah Mays, District 53
May 13, 2023
- Geary Higgins, District 30
- Caleb Max, District 30
May 20, 2023
- Kevin Bailey, District 56
- Tom Garrett, District 56
- Jennie Wood, District 56
June 10, 2023
- Eric Zehr, District 51
Voting information[edit]
- See also: Voting in Virginia
Battleground elections[edit]
Ballotpedia identified the battleground elections below based on media coverage and race ratings. Click on the tabs to view the candidates who ran, a brief description of the race, district partisan history, and Candidate Connection survey responses.
Of the seven battleground districts, Republicans represented four and Democrats represented three. Incumbents ran in two of these races, while the other five were in open districts, meaning no incumbents ran. All of the districts were rated as Competitive.
| Virginia House of Delegates: battleground elections | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | 2021 vote | VPAP rating | |||||
| House District 21 | 50.5%-49.4% | Competitive | |||||
| House District 22 | 73%-26% | Competitive | |||||
| House District 57 | 79%-21% | Competitive | |||||
| House District 65 | 66%-34% | Competitive | |||||
| House District 82 | 59%-41% | Competitive | |||||
| House District 89 | 80%-20% | Competitive | |||||
| House District 97 | 72%-27% | Competitive | |||||
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Virginia House of Delegates District 21
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Joshua Thomas (D) | 51.7 | 13,926 |
 | John Stirrup (R) | 48.1 | 12,951 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.2 | 50 | ||
| Total votes: 26,927 | |||
 = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Race information
This district was open, meaning no incumbents ran. Incumbent Kelly Convirs-Fowler (D) was redistricted into District 96.
Joshua Thomas (D) was an attorney.[8]
John Stirrup (R) had worked as a lobbyist.[9]
Writing for The Washington Post, Laura Vozzella said, "The open 21st District seat that Stirrup — whom Youngkin endorsed in the primary — and Thomas are vying for ... went blue in the governor’s race in 2017 but flipped red for Youngkin four years later."[10]
Thomas listed housing, education, women's rights, and transportation as his priorities.[11] He said he is "committed to keeping the region more affordable than the rest of NOVA and maintaining the unique and diverse rural/suburban character of our community that makes the opportunity of the American Dream real for all of us."[11]
Stirrup listed safe communities, lower cost of living, stronger schools, and protecting the rural crescent as his priorities.[12] He said he would "work with Governor Youngkin to deliver for Virginians - lowering taxes on families and businesses, protecting parental rights and investing in law enforcement."[13]
District information
- CNalysis rated House District 21 as Tilt Democratic. President Joe Biden (D) won the district by a margin of 26.6 percentage points in 2020.[14]
- VPAP rated House District 21 as Competitive.[15]
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Virginia House of Delegates District 22
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Ian Lovejoy (R) | 52.2 | 16,032 |
 | Travis Nembhard (D) | 47.6 | 14,616 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.2 | 70 | ||
| Total votes: 30,718 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Race information
This district was open, meaning no incumbents ran. Incumbent Kathy Byron (R) did not seek re-election.
Travis Nembhard (D) was an attorney.[16]
Ian Lovejoy (R) was the founder and owner of Reliant Hiring Solutions.[17]
Writing for The Washington Post, Gregory S. Schneider said the "Republican caucus of the House of Delegates [unleashed] attack ads in 12 districts seen as crucial to keeping control of the chamber in this fall’s elections. ... The caucus is taking aim at largely suburban districts in Northern Virginia, Richmond and Hampton Roads, where the vote tallies might be close. That includes ... House District 22, where Republican Ian Lovejoy is competing with Democrat Travis Nembhard."[18]
Nembhard said, "I am is passionate about creating a better community for my family, with a focus on addressing issues impacting working families such as universal childcare and paid family leave. ... I believe in bipartisanship and taking a measured approach to tackle unique community issues; a strong economy is achieved by empowering communities and working families."
Lovejoy said, "I'm passionate about fighting for Virginia families and communities. I'm laser focused on working with our police and first responders to drive back rising crime rates and to ensure parents have a say in their children's education."
District information
- CNalysis rated House District 22 as Tilt Republican. President Joe Biden (D) won the district by a margin of 5.5 percentage points in 2020.[14]
- VPAP rated House District 22 as Competitive.[15]
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
| Collapse all
Ian Lovejoy (R)
Our Neighborhoods and the Rural Crescent Can't Wait
Public Safety Can't Wait
Travis Nembhard (D)
Strengthening Our Education System As the husband of a Virginia public school teacher, I know firsthand the challenges our educators experience. As your delegate, I will work to ensure everyone has access to quality education, and educators and staff are paid what they deserve.
Protecting Our Fundamental Rights You can count on me to fight for the fundamental rights of all Virginians and protect our most vulnerable communities. I firmly support protecting a woman’s right to make her own medical decisions, defending voting rights for all citizens, and protecting LGBTQ+ Virginians and other marginalized populations against discrimination.
Ian Lovejoy (R)
Travis Nembhard (D)
Ian Lovejoy (R)
Ian Lovejoy (R)
Ian Lovejoy (R)
Ian Lovejoy (R)
Sheriff Glen Hill Mayor Hal Parrish City Councilwoman Theresa Ellis Councilman Sang Yi
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Virginia House of Delegates District 57
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | David Owen (R) | 50.8 | 18,198 |
 | Susanna Gibson (D) | 48.8 | 17,483 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.5 | 165 | ||
| Total votes: 35,846 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Race information
This district was open, meaning no incumbents ran. Incumbent Sally Hudson (D) ran for election to Virginia State Senate District 11.
Susanna Gibson (D) was a nurse practitioner.[19]
David Owen (R) was a business owner, specializing in residential construction.[20]
Gibson said reproductive rights were paramount to her campaign: "Realizing that Virginia is at a tipping point in terms of reproductive rights, I wanted to be able to do everything I can to protect those reproductive rights and reproductive freedom."[21] She had also campaigned on lowering energy, housing, and healthcare costs. She supported gun regulation, to include gun storage requirements and a ban on new sales of assault-style firearms.[21]
Owen had campaigned on lowering the cost of living, reducing government spending, funding education, and supporting small businesses.[22] Owen's education priorities included policies that "give parents more input in public education."[21] He had served on the Home Building Association of Virginia and owned a real estate business, and said he "understands the challenges, obstacles, and burdens too many businesses and individuals face from onerous government regulations and red tape."[23]
The district voted 50.0% Democratic and 49.1% Republican in the 2022 congressional midterms. In 2021, 51.2% of voters voted for Glenn Youngkin (R) and 48.3% voted for Terry McAuliffe (D) in the gubernatorial election.[24]
District information
- CNalysis rated House District 57 as Lean Republican. President Joe Biden (D) won the district by a margin of 5.4 percentage points in 2020.[14]
- VPAP rated House District 57 as Competitive.[15]
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Virginia House of Delegates District 65
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Joshua Cole (D) | 52.8 | 15,406 |
 | Lee Peters III (R) | 46.8 | 13,656 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.3 | 92 | ||
| Total votes: 29,154 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Race information
This district was open, meaning no incumbents ran. Incumbent Lee Ware (R) was redistricted into District 72.
Joshua Cole (D) represented Virginia House of Delegates District 28 from 2020 to 2022.
Lee Peters III (R) worked in law enforcement.[25]
Writing for Dogwood, Carolyn Fiddler said, "Joshua Cole is looking to return to the legislature via this Fredericksburg-area seat that went for Biden 55-43 and to Youngkin 51-48. He faces Republican Lee Peters, a captain in the local sheriff’s office, who just won his primary 79-21%. Cole had raised more than twice Peters’ total as of the last campaign finance deadline."[26]
Cole listed decongesting traffic, protecting reproductive rights, housing, supporting public education, and an economy for all as his priorities.[27]
Peters listed education, law and order, mental health, jobs and the economy, and transportation as his priorities.[28]
District information
- CNalysis rated House District 65 as Lean Democratic. President Joe Biden (D) won the district by a margin of 11.7 percentage points in 2020.[14]
- VPAP rated House District 65 as Competitive.[15]
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Virginia House of Delegates District 82
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Kim Taylor (R) | 50.1 | 14,286 |
 | Kimberly Adams (D) | 49.8 | 14,208 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.2 | 48 | ||
| Total votes: 28,542 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Race information
Incumbent Kim Taylor (R) assumed office in 2022.
Kimberly Adams (D) was an accountant and auditor.[29]
Writing for the Richmond Times-Dispatch, Dave Ress said, "Democrats are hoping to flip District 82, the Petersburg-area district now represented by Del. Kim Taylor, R-Dinwiddie."[30] The district voted 50.5% Democratic and 49.4% Republican in the 2022 congressional midterms. In 2021, 50.6% of voters voted for Glenn Youngkin (R) and 48.5% voted for Terry McAuliffe (D) in the gubernatorial election.[31]
Taylor listed advancing agriculture, rural broadband access, healthcare, education, small businesses, and law enforcement as her priorities.[32] She said, "Since becoming your Delegate, I've worked hard to prioritize our children's education, lower taxes, & put VA families first."[33]
Adams said, "I’m running for the House of Delegates to ... bring opportunities and good-paying jobs to our district. ... As an accountant and an auditor, I’ve dedicated my career to cutting wasteful spending and fighting against fraud and abuse. ... One of my first priorities will be to fully fund our schools to get repairs done in our buildings and make sure our teachers are being paid what they’re worth."[34]
District information
- CNalysis rated House District 82 as Tilt Republican. President Joe Biden (D) won the district by a margin of 10.7 percentage points in 2020.[14]
- VPAP rated House District 82 as Competitive.[15]
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Virginia House of Delegates District 89
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | N. Baxter Ennis (R) | 50.8 | 14,739 |
 | Karen Jenkins (D) | 49.0 | 14,218 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.3 | 77 | ||
| Total votes: 29,034 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Race information
This district was open, meaning no incumbents ran. Incumbent Jackie Glass (D) was redistricted into District 93.
Karen Jenkins (D) was a member of the Suffolk Public Schools school board in Virginia, representing Cypress Borough.
N. Baxter Ennis (R) served on the Chesapeake Hospital Authority.[35]
The district voted 50.4% Democratic and 49.4% Republican in the 2022 congressional midterms. In 2021, 53.4% of voters voted for Glenn Youngkin (R) and 45.9% voted for Terry McAuliffe (D) in the gubernatorial election.[36]
Jenkins' campaign website listed her priorities as education, mental health, and public safety.[37]
Ennis' platform included the Second Amendment, life, education, taxes, supporting veterans, jobs, law enforcement, and small farming.[38]
District information
- CNalysis rated House District 89 as Tilt Republican. President Joe Biden (D) won the district by a margin of 2.4 percentage points in 2020.[14]
- VPAP rated House District 89 as Competitive.[15]
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
| Collapse all
Karen Jenkins (D)
I will support common-sense laws to keep guns out of the hands of violent people.
I will always support funding for schools and mental health programs.
Karen Jenkins (D)
Karen Jenkins (D)
Karen Jenkins (D)
Karen Jenkins (D)
LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS (LCV) Voteprochoice Sierra Club Giffords Emily’s List AFL-CIO Freedom Virginia Polling Timeline and Messaging Planned Parenthood Advocates of Virginia Progressive Turnout Project Daily Kos Virginia Educators Association (VEA) United SteelWorkers Local 8888 VA National Organization for Women (NOW) National Democratic Redistricting Committee (NDRC) Committee to Protect Health Care Collective PAC National Security Leaders for America Mid-Atlantic Pipe Trades Virginia Moms for Change Everytown PAC Repro Rising Virginia Democratic Party Women’s Caucus Virginia Democratic Party veterans and military families caucus Virginia’s List
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Virginia House of Delegates District 97
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Michael Feggans (D) | 52.4 | 12,734 |
 | Karen Greenhalgh (R) | 47.5 | 11,555 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1 | 28 | ||
| Total votes: 24,317 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Race information
Incumbent Karen Greenhalgh (R) assumed office in 2022.
Michael Feggans (D) was an entrepreneur in the technology industry.[39]
Writing for Radio IQ, Michael Pope said, "Of the dozen races where Republicans are targeting Democrats ... only one so far is a race where Republicans have raised the issue of abortion rights — House District 97 in Virginia Beach. The House Republican Caucus says Democratic candidate Michael Feggans supports 'elective abortion for any reason until the moment of birth.'"[40] Feggans denied the claim and said he supported Virginia's current abortion law. As of September 2023, the law allowed abortion up until 26 weeks and six days of pregnancy, with third trimester abortions permitted if three doctors certified that the pregnancy would likely "result in the death of the woman or substantially and irremediably impair the mental or physical health of the woman."[10] Greenhalgh said she supported a 15-week abortion ban.[40]
District information
- CNalysis rated House District 97 as Tilt Democratic. President Joe Biden (D) won the district by a margin of 12.3 percentage points in 2020.[14]
- VPAP rated House District 97 as Competitive.[15]
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
| Collapse all
Michael Feggans (D)
Ensuring our educators and our public school systems are properly funded so all students have an equal opportunity to receive a world-class education.
Protecting our environment and supporting renewable energy jobs to support and combat recurring flooding, and sea level rise, and promote resiliency in coastal Virginia.
Michael Feggans (D)
District map[edit]
- See also: Virginia state legislative districts
The state of Virginia has 100 state House districts. Each district elects one delegate. Below is the state House map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.
Use the interactive map below to find your district.
Below is the state House map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.
Virginia State House Districts
until January 9, 2024
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Virginia State House Districts
starting January 10, 2024
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Political context[edit]
Following the 2021 general election, Republicans held a 52-48 majority in the Virginia House. Following the 2019 general election, Democrats held a 21-19 majority in the Virginia Senate. To learn more about the House's partisan composition as of the election, click here. The 2023 election determined control of the General Assembly and Virginia's trifecta status. Writing for U.S. News & World Report, Louis Jacobson said, "Enough seats are competitive that just about any combination – a GOP Senate takeover, a Democratic Senate hold or a Democratic flip of the House – is conceivable. To gain Senate control, the GOP would need to flip two Democratic-held seats, forcing a 20-20 tie that would be broken by Republican Lt. Gov. Winsome Sears."[41]
Virginia's trifecta status changed from Democratic to divided as a result of the 2021 elections. Gov. Glenn Youngkin (R) was elected to succeed term-limited incumbent Ralph Northam (D). Democrats also lost control of the Virginia House of Delegates. If Republicans maintained control of the House and won control of the Senate, Virginia would have become a Republican trifecta. If Democrats won control of either chamber, the state would remain a divided government.
If Republicans gained a trifecta, Jacobson said, " ... Youngkin would be free to implement a sharply conservative policy agenda in a state that had been drifting Democratic for the better part of two decades. And that could boost the national profile of Youngkin, who is already a presidential favorite of Fox News’ Rupert Murdoch."[41]
Writing for Richmond Times-Dispatch, Dave Ress said, "The money that already had gone into legislative races as of June 30 matches the grand total raised in the 2021 House races and the 2019 Senate campaigns — and there’s more to come."[42] According to University of Mary Washington political scientist Stephen Farnsworth, Democrats could have had an advantage because "Youngkin is no longer the relatively unknown candidate of two years ago – he now has a conservative record that Democrats can run against."[41] Conversely, an off-year election could have had lower turnout patterns that typically benefit Republicans.[41]
Campaign finance[edit]
The section below contains data from financial reports submitted to state agencies. Districts and elections are grouped in sections of 10. To view data for a district, click on the appropriate bar below to expand it. The data is gathered and made available by Transparency USA.
Incumbents who were not re-elected[edit]
Incumbents defeated in general elections[edit]
Two incumbents lost in general elections. This was the only year since at least 2011 that one of the defeated incumbents was an independent.
| Name | Party | Office |
|---|---|---|
| Matt Fariss |  Independent |
House District 51 |
| Karen Greenhalgh |  Republican |
House District 97 |
Incumbents defeated in primaries[edit]
One incumbent lost in primaries. This was four fewer than the number of incumbents defeated in 2021.
| Name | Party | Office |
|---|---|---|
| Marie March | Republican |
House District 47 |
Retiring incumbents[edit]
Thirty-one incumbents did not file for re-election in 2023.[43] This was the largest number of retirements since 2011, and a 233% increase from the average of 9.3 retirements per cycle between 2011 and 2021. Those incumbents were:
Primary election competitiveness[edit]
This section contains data on state legislative primary election competitiveness in Virginia. These totals include data from all regularly-scheduled House and Senate elections. For more information about Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of state legislative elections, please click here.
| Virginia state legislative competitiveness, 2011-2023 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Districts/ offices |
Seats | Open seats | Candidates | Possible primaries | Contested Democratic primaries | Contested Republican primaries | % of contested primaries | Incumbents in contested primaries | % of incumbents in contested primaries | ||||
| 2023 | 140 | 140 | 44 | 293 | 225 | 31 | 16 | 20.9% | 17 | 17.3% | ||||
| 2021 | 100 | 100 | 5 | 222 | 172 | 18 | 7 | 14.5% | 17 | 17.9% | ||||
| 2019 | 140 | 140 | 16 | 266 | 278 | 23 | 12 | 12.6% | 14 | 11.3% | ||||
| 2017 | 100 | 100 | 7 | 197 | 192 | 19 | 7 | 13.5% | 6 | 6.5% | ||||
| 2015 | 140 | 140 | 15 | 220 | 280 | 9 | 9 | 6.4% | 10 | 8.0% | ||||
| 2013 | 100 | 100 | 9 | 158 | 200 | 3 | 9 | 6.0% | 7 | 7.7% | ||||
| 2011 | 140 | 140 | 20 | 213 | 222 | 4 | 12 | 7.2% | 2 | 1.6% | ||||
Post-filing deadline analysis[edit]
The following analysis covers all state legislative districts up for election in Virginia in 2023. Information below was calculated on April 26, 2023, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
Forty-five state legislative districts holding elections in Virginia in 2023 were open, meaning no incumbents filed to run. This represented 32% of the state’s General Assembly, a decade-high open district rate, and a marked increase from previous election cycles.
Newcomers are guaranteed to win all open districts since no incumbents are running for them.
This was Virginia’s first election under new state legislative maps following the 2020 redistricting cycle. The number of open districts tends to increase after redistricting.
Incumbents may opt against running for re-election because they now live in a district with a different partisan makeup compared to the one they previously represented or because they now live in a district with another incumbent.
Almost all of the 45 open districts were due to retiring incumbents: 22 Democrats and 21 Republicans did not run for re-election. Virginia does not have state legislative term limits.
But redistricting can also result in open districts when an incumbent does run for re-election, but in a new district against another incumbent, leaving their old district open.
There were two districts holding incumbent v. incumbent elections in 2023:
- House District 47, with a Republican primary between Reps. Marie March (R) and Wren Williams (R); and,
- Senate District 18, with a Democratic primary between Sens. Louise Lucas (D) and Lionell Spruill (D).
In addition to the uptick in open districts, other competitiveness metrics—like the number of contested primaries—increased compared to previous election cycles.
A contested primary is one where there are more candidates running than nominations available, meaning at least one candidate must lose.
There were 47 contested primaries in 2023, representing 20.9% of all possible primaries, up 6.5 percentage points from 2021.
Ballotpedia calculates a legislature’s contested primaries percentage by dividing the number of contested primaries by the number of possible primaries. Typically there are two possible primaries per district, one for Democrats and one for Republicans.
But Virginia is unique in that it is the only state where parties can decide not to hold a primary and select their candidates via nominating contests like conventions instead.
Ballotpedia does not count non-primary nominating contests when calculating total or possible primaries, so the more non-primary nominating contests held, the fewer possible primaries there are.
In 2023, Ballotpedia identified 55 districts holding non-primary nominating contests, all of which are for Republicans.
Since all 100 House and 40 Senate districts were up for election in 2023, there could have been 280 possible primaries. But, with those 55 non-primary nominating contests, that total dropped to 225.
Overall, 279 major party candidates ran for state legislative offices in 2023: 154 Democrats and 125 Republicans.
Open seats[edit]
The table below shows the number and percentage of open seats in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2011 to 2023.[44]
| Open seats in Virginia House of Delegates elections: 2011 - 2023 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Seats up | Open seats | Incumbents running | |||||||||||
| # | % | # | % | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 100 | 33 | 33% | 67 | 67% | |||||||||
| 2021 | 100 | 5 | 5% | 95 | 95% | |||||||||
| 2019 | 100 | 13 | 13% | 87 | 87% | |||||||||
| 2017 | 100 | 7 | 7% | 93 | 93% | |||||||||
| 2015 | 100 | 9 | 9% | 91 | 91% | |||||||||
| 2013 | 100 | 9 | 9% | 91 | 91% | |||||||||
| 2011 | 100 | 14 | 14% | 86 | 86% | |||||||||
Process to become a candidate[edit]
See statutes: Title 24.2, Chapter 5 of the Election Code of Virginia
For partisan candidates[edit]
A political party candidate participating in a primary election must complete the candidate qualification certificate form for the office being sought. The form is a written statement (made under oath) indicating that the candidate is qualified to vote for and to hold the office for which he or she is a candidate. The form must be filed before a candidate can purchase a registered voter's list for petition purposes. A candidate for election to statewide office, the United States House of Representatives, or the Virginia General Assembly must file the statement with the Virginia State Board of Elections. A candidate for any other office must file the statement with the general registrar of the county or city where he or she resides.[45][46]
A candidate must also file a written statement of economic interests if running for the state legislature, statewide office, a school board in a town or city with a population in excess of 3,500, or for constitutional office.[47]
The candidate qualification certificate and statement of economic interests must be filed by the filing deadline for the primary.[48]
The candidate must also file a declaration of candidacy and petition on or before the filing deadline for the election. The petition must contain the required number of signatures for the office being sought (signature requirements are summarized in the table below). Candidates seeking to participate in a primary election must also pay a primary filing fee. The filing fee is 2 percent of the minimum annual salary for the office being sought.[49]
| Signature requirements | |
|---|---|
| Office sought | Signature requirements |
| Governor, United States Senate, and other statewide offices | 10,000, including 400 qualified voters from each congressional district |
| United States House of Representatives | 1,000 |
| Virginia State Senate | 250 |
| Virginia House of Delegates | 125 |
For independent candidates[edit]
An independent candidate for the United States House of Representatives or the United States Senate must file a declaration of candidacy, a petition, and a candidate qualification certificate form with the Virginia State Board of Elections. A candidate for statewide office or the Virginia General Assembly must file a declaration of candidacy form, a petition, a statement of economic interests form, and a candidate qualification certificate form. The candidate must file the required forms by 7:00 p.m. on the third Tuesday in June. A candidate for local office must file a declaration of candidacy, a petition, a statement of economic interests form, and a candidate qualification certificate form with the local authority in the county or city in which the office is being sought. The candidate must submit the required forms by 7:00 p.m. on the third Tuesday in June.[48][50][51]
An independent candidate must gather the same number of petition signatures as partisan candidates. There are no filing fees for independent candidates.
For write-in candidates[edit]
Write-in votes are permitted in all elections but primaries. A voter may cast a write-in vote for any person other than the candidates for the given office listed on the ballot. Write-in candidates are not required to file any special forms in advance in order to have their votes tallied (except in the case of presidential and vice presidential candidates, who must file declarations of intent).[52]
Qualifications[edit]
Candidates for the House of Delegates must be qualified to vote, have been a resident of Virginia for one year immediately preceding the election, and be a resident of the city or town in which they file for election.[53]
Salaries and per diem[edit]
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[54] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $18,000/year for senators. $17,640/year for delegates. | $213/day |
When sworn in[edit]
Virginia legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January after the election.[55][56]
Virginia political history[edit]
Trifectas[edit]
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.
Virginia Party Control: 1992-2025
Four years of Democratic trifectas • Four years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | D | D |
Presidential politics in Virginia[edit]
2020[edit]
- See also: Presidential election, 2020
Presidential election in Virginia, 2020
Candidate/Running mate |
% |
Popular votes |
Electoral votes |
||
| ✔ |
 
| Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D) |
54.1
|
2,413,568 | 13 |
 
| Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R) |
44.0
|
1,962,430 | 0 | |
 
| Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L) |
1.5
|
64,761 | 0 | |
| Other write-in votes |
0.4
|
19,765 | 0 | ||
 |
Total votes: 4,460,524 |
2016[edit]
- See also: Presidential election, 2016
| U.S. presidential election, Virginia, 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic |  Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine |
49.7% | 1,981,473 | 13 | |
| Republican | Donald Trump/Mike Pence | 44.4% | 1,769,443 | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson/Bill Weld | 3% | 118,274 | 0 | |
| Green | Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka | 0.7% | 27,638 | 0 | |
| Independent | Evan McMullin/Nathan Johnson | 1.4% | 54,054 | 0 | |
| - | Other/Write-in | 0.8% | 33,749 | 0 | |
| Total Votes | 3,984,631 | 13 | |||
| Election results via: Federal Election Commission | |||||
Virginia presidential election results (1900-2024)
- 18 Democratic wins
- 14 Republican wins
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D |
Redistricting following the 2020 census[edit]
The Virginia Supreme Court unanimously approved district maps for the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia State Senate on December 28, 2021.[57] Democratic and Republican consultants submitted statewide map proposals for consideration to the Virginia Redistricting Commission on September 18, 2021.[58] The commission had reviewed earlier maps on August 31, 2021, that were focused solely on suburbs in northern Virginia that were drawn from scratch and did not consider legislative incumbents’ home addresses in keeping with earlier commission decisions.[59][60] After the commission missed its deadline for approving map proposals and the Virginia Supreme Court assumed authority over the process, the two special masters selected by the court released proposals for House and Senate districts on December 8, 2021.[61]These maps took effect for Virginia's 2023 legislative elections.
2023 battleground elections[edit]
- See also: Battlegrounds
This election was a battleground race. Other 2023 battleground elections included:
- City elections in St. Louis, Missouri (March 7, 2023 primary)
- Loudoun County Public Schools, Virginia, elections (2023)
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
- ↑ PBS, "Virginia Democrats take full control of statehouse," November 7, 2023
- ↑ Richmond Times-Dispatch, "Parties shuffle leadership roles amid partisan flip of Virginia House chamber," November 14, 2023
- ↑ CBS News, "Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin's PAC looks to general election with unified GOP," June 21, 2023
- ↑ NBC News, "Joe Biden and Kamala Harris make late endorsements in fight for Virginia," November 4, 2023
- ↑ Politico, "Dem-leaning States Project group pours $4.5 million into Virginia legislative races," October 9, 2023
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 ABC 8 News, "Republican megadonors help Youngkin’s PAC shatter fundraising records," October 4, 2023
- ↑ Axios, "Dems flood Virginia with cash ahead of off-year elections," October 2, 2023
- ↑ Josh Thomas Democrat for Delegate, "About Josh," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ Inside NOVA, "Former Prince William County supervisor Stirrup running for House seat," December 2, 2022
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Washington Post, "Recordings show Va. swing district candidate favors ‘total ban’ on abortion," August 10, 2023
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Josh Thomas for Delegate, "Home," accessed September 26, 2023
- ↑ John Stirrup for Delegate, "One the Issues," accessed September 26, 2023
- ↑ John Stirrup for Delegate, "Home," September 26, 2023
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 CNalysis, "Virginia," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 VPAP, "VPAP Index," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ Travis Nembhard for Delegate, "Meet Travis," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ Facebook, "Ian T. Lovejoy," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Virginia Republicans unleash attack ads in 12 suburban House districts," July 12, 2023
- ↑ Susanna Gibson Delegate for Virginia's 57th District, "About," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ David Owen Republican for Delegate, "About David," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Richmond Times-Dispatch, "Owen-Gibson matchup for Henrico House seat one to watch for both parties," September 8, 2023
- ↑ David Owen Republican for Delegate, "Priorities," accessed September 26, 2023
- ↑ David Owen Republican for Delegate, "About David," accessed September 26, 2023
- ↑ VPAP, "House of Delegates District 57," accessed September 26, 2023
- ↑ Lee Peters III for Virginia Delegate, "Meet Lee," accessed August 31, 2023
- ↑ Dogwood, "Virginia’s Top Statehouse Races to Watch in 2023," June 28, 2023
- ↑ Joshua Cole, "Home," accessed September 25, 2023
- ↑ Lee Peters III for Virginia Delegate, "Issues," accessed September 25, 2023
- ↑ Kimberly Pope Adams Delegate, "Home," accessed September 4, 2023
- ↑ Richmond Times-Dispatch, "Get ready for flood of Virginia candidate ads after Labor Day," September 1, 2023
- ↑ VPAP, "House of Delegates District 82," accessed September 26, 2023
- ↑ Kim Taylor Delegate, "Kim on the Issues," accessed September 25, 2023
- ↑ Facebook, "Kim Taylor," September 22, 2023
- ↑ Wavy, "Candidate Profile: Kimberly Pope Adams (Va. District 82)," September 25, 2023
- ↑ Conservative Baxter Ennis Veteran for Delegate, "Meet Baxter," accessed September 4, 2023
- ↑ VPAP, "House of Delegates District 89," accessed September 26, 2023
- ↑ Karen Jenkins for Delegate, "Home," accessed September 4, 2023
- ↑ Conservative Baxter Ennis Veteran for Delegate, "My Platform," accessed September 4, 2023
- ↑ Michael Feggans for Delegate, "Meet Michael Feggans," accessed September 4, 2023
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Radio IQ, "Abortion is likely to be a top issue on the campaign trail this fall," August 9, 2023
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 U.S. News & World Report, "Why Virginia Is the State to Watch in the 2023 Elections," July 24, 2023
- ↑ Richmond Time-Dispatch, "Get ready for flood of Virginia candidate ads after Labor Day," September 1, 2023
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines a seat as open if the incumbent did not file to run for re-election or filed but withdrew and did not appear on any ballot for his or her seat. If the incumbent withdrew from or did not participate in the primary but later chose to seek re-election to his or her seat as a third party or independent candidate, the seat would not be counted as open. If the incumbent retired or ran for a different seat in the same chamber, his or her original seat would be counted as open unless another incumbent from the same chamber filed to run for that seat, in which case it would not be counted as open due to the presence of an incumbent.
- ↑ Election Code of Virginia, "Section 24.2-501," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Election Code of Virginia, "Section 24.2-947.1," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Election Code of Virginia, "Section 24.2-502," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 Election Code of Virginia, "Section 24.2-503," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Virginia State Board of Elections, "Candidate Bulletins," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Election Code of Virginia, "Section 24.2-505," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Virginia State Board of Elections, "How to Run for Virginia General Assembly (2023)," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Code of Virginia, "Title 24.2, Section 24.2-644," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Virginia Department of Elections, "Candidacy Requirements for the November 7, 2017 General Election," January 3, 2016
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Virginia Legislative Information System, "Code of Virginia - § 24.2-214. Election and term of Senators." accessed January 6, 2022
- ↑ Virginia Legislative Information System, "Code of Virginia - § 24.2-215. Election and term of members of the House of Delegates." accessed January 6, 2022
- ↑ 13News Now, "Virginia has new voting maps after redistricting process finishes," December 30, 2021
- ↑ ABC 7, "Virginia bipartisan redistricting panel starts off with partisan maps," September 20, 2021
- ↑ El Paso Inc., "First redistricting map drafts leave some lawmakers unhappy," September 2, 2021
- ↑ Virginia Mercury, "Virginia’s Redistricting Commission has its first draft maps. They look… normal?" September 2, 2021
- ↑ Associated Press, "Proposed congressional maps give Dems an edge in Virginia," December 9, 2021
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