Nazism encompases both the national socialism of the German Nazi Party of 1920-1945 and more recent neo-Nazi movements. It includes various works of political philosophy that guided development, although these often are more individualized writings than well-developed and actionable ideologies. Their common threads tend to be an emphasis on a racial elite (e.g., Nazi racial and biological ideology), opposition to democracy, and readiness to resort to authoritarian social control and broader violence.