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When congenital anomalies (birth defects) are severe, or when trauma has caused obvious deformity, then surgical improvement of appearance is not called cosmetic surgery, but is classed as a reconstructive procedure. In many countries, reconstructive surgery will be covered by private insurance or government health plans. Cosmetic surgery, on the other hand, is generally considered a luxury that requires payment out of pocket.

Although an improved appearance is often the result of recontructive surgery, Among surgeons doing plastic work, the reconstructive surgeon hold a place of honor and the performance of reconstructive surgery holds a place of pride. (Menick FJ. "If you've got the money, honey, I've got the time--if you've got no more money, honey, I've got no more time". [Editorial] Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 118(2):549-50, 2006 Aug. UI: 16874234)

Trauma[edit]

Facial fractures[edit]

Extremity trauma reconstruction[edit]

The severed finger or toe[edit]

The severed hand or foot[edit]

Genital trauma reconstruction[edit]

Torso trauma reconstruction[edit]

Abdominal trauma reconstruction[edit]

Neck trauma reconstruction[edit]

Burns[edit]

Fire[edit]

==Caustics and chemical burns==