A Research institute is a nonprofit organization funded by foundations, government grants or the proceeds from the sale of products resulting from its own efforts for the purpose of conducting one or more programs of scientific or scholarly research. A growing number of such research institutes were established in the last decades of the 20th century and the first decades of the present century. A keyword search of the terms "research institute" on the Guidestar website in September, 2020 suggested that 20,537 nonprofit organizations identified as such filed returns with the IRS in 2019.
There are also a number of important historical and contemporary commercial, for-profit research institutes, although there is currently no convenient way to identify them: For example, Bell Laboratories and numerous commercial laboratories and institutes maintained by pharmaceutical companies.