Viral encephalitis

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Viral encephalitis is form of encephalitis when is "inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of togaviridae infections; herpesviridae infections; adenoviridae infections; flavivirus flaviviridae infections; bunyaviridae infections; picornaviridae infections; paramyxoviridae infections; orthomyxoviridae infections; retroviridae infections; and arenaviridae infections."^[1]

Classification[edit]

Arbovirus encephalitis[edit]

Arbovirus encephalitis include "infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families togaviridae; flaviviridae; bunyaviridae; reoviridae; and rhabdoviridae. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by zoonoses, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. the virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (culicidae) or ticks. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and coma."^[2]

Tick-borne encephalitis[edit]

Tick-borne encephalitis includes "encephalitis caused by neurotropic viruses that are transmitted via the bite of ticks. in europe, the diseases are caused by encephalitis viruses, tick-borne, which give rise to Russian spring-summer encephalitis, central European encephalitis, louping ill encephalitis, and related disorders. Powassan encephalitis occurs in North America and Russia and is caused by the powassan virus. Aseptic meningitis and rarely encephalitis may complicate Colorado tick fever which is endemic to mountainous regions of the western United States."^[3]

Mosquito-borne encephalitis[edit]

• West Nile virus

Treatment[edit]

Clinical practice guidelines are available to guide treatment.^[4]

References[edit]