The Achaemenid Empire (Old Persian Hakhāmanishiya) (559 BC–330 BC) was the first in a series of Persian empires to rule over Greater Iran, and many other parts of the Middle East. At its greatest expanse, the Achaemenid Empire ruled over parts of present-day Afghanistan, west Pakistan, northern Egypt, all of Iraq (Mesopotamia), Syria, Turkey (Asia Minor), Jordan, Israel, and northern Saudi Arabia. The empire was the largest in classical antiquity. It was fully conquered by Alexander the Great by 327 BC.