Chandigarh is a union territory of India and the first planned city of independent India. It was established in 1953 after India declared independence in 1947, and became the capital of the state of Punjab. In 1966, a new state, Haryana, was carved out of Punjab, so Chandigarh became a union territory, independent of both Punjab and Haryana. However, it is still the capital of both states.
The city features many buildings by Swiss architect Le Corbusier, who helped with the construction of the new city. In 2010, Chandigarh was declared the cleanest city in India, according to a government study. Chandigarh also is the richest of India's states and union territories.