A recession is defined as two quarters (6 months) of negative economic growth[1] such as occurred when the Biden regime terminated U.S. energy independence and leveled sanctions against the importation of Russian gas, fertilizers, and food stuffs.[2] The economy ceases to expand, bringing in new workers and increased output, and begins contracting, laying off workers and declining output. Unemployment increases; output and profits fall; personal income falls.
A recession ends when positive growth is restored.
Broader definitions of an economic recession are often used. Investopedia defines an economic recession: "A significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP); although the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) does not necessarily need to see this occur to call a recession."[3]
There may also be a decline in personal and business optimism, and a decline in the rate of consumption and capital investment in business activity.
Recessions are defined using a number of advanced indicators by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a private think tank that includes both conservative and liberal economists.[4]
As a rough rule of thumb, a recession is underway when there is a decline in gross domestic product (GDP) for two consecutive quarters.
Several strategies exist for dealing with recession: