According to Astleitner (2000: 175):
Accordingly, Fear, envy, and anger should be reduced during instruction, sympathy and pleasure should be increased.
The following FEASP overview table is copyright by Astleitner, reproduced here with permission and retrieved 16:18, 27 May 2006 (MEST) from http://www.sbg.ac.at/erz/feasp/overview.htm by DKS)
This table associates all instructional strategies of the FEASP-approach with examples in traditional and technology-based instruction.
Instructional strategies | Examples from traditional instruction | Examples from instructional technology based instruction |
Fear reduction |
||
F1 Ensure success in learning | Use well-proven motivational and cognitive instructional strategies | Cognitive learning design |
F2 Accept mistakes as opportunities for learning | Let student talk about their failures, their expectations, the reasons for errors, etc. | Q&A, success statistics |
F3 Induce relaxation | Apply muscle relaxation, visual imagery, autogenics, or meditation | Trainings via media players |
F4 Be critical, but sustain a positive perspective |
Train students in critical thinking, but also point out the beauty of things | Cognitive tools (semantic networking) |
Envy reduction | ||
E1 Encourage comparison with autobiographical and criterion reference points instead of social standards | Show students their individual learning history | Student progress tracking, using target lists |
E2 Install consistent and transparent evaluating and grading | Inform students in detail about guidelines for grading | Programmed fact-based evaluation and feedback |
E3 Inspire a sense of authenticity and openness | Install "personal information boards" telling others who you are | Personal homepages |
E4 Avoid unequal distributed privileges among students | Grant all students or no student access to private matters | Rule-based granting of privileges |
Anger reduction | ||
A1 Stimulate the control of anger | Show students how to reduce anger through counting backward | Anger buttons |
A2 Show multiple views of things | Demonstrate how one problem can be solved through different operations | Linked information |
A3 Let anger be expressed in a constructive way |
Do not accept escaping when interpersonal problem solving is necessary | Anger-help option |
A4 Do not show and accept any form of violence | Avoid threatening gestures | Non-violent action: motivational design |
Sympathy increase | ||
S1 Intensify relationships | Get students to know other students friends and families | Synchronous and asynchronous communication tools |
S2 Install sensitive interactions | Reduce students` sulking and increase their directly asking for help | On-/offline trainings for empathic communication |
S3 Establish cooperative learning structures | Use group investigations for cooperation | Collaborative learning tools |
S4 Implement peer helping programs | Let students adopt children in need | Social networks within the world-wide-web |
Pleasure increase | ||
P1 Enhance well-being | Illustrate students a probabilistic view of the future | User-friendly interface design |
P2 Establish open learning opportunities | Use self-instructional learning materials | Virtual classrooms |
P3 Use humor | Produce funny comics with students | Story/comic/cartoon production systems |
P4 Install play-like activities | Use simulation-based instructional games | Instructional computer games |
Note that the FEASP approach is not a closed theory, but an open research program telling people what to do in order to improve any kind of instruction in respect to emotional issues.