45 (number)

45 (forty-five) is the natural number following 44 and preceding 46.

In mathematics

45 as the difference of two nonzero squares (in orange)

Forty-five is the smallest odd number that has more divisors than [math]\displaystyle{ n+1 }[/math], and that has a larger sum of divisors than [math]\displaystyle{ n+1 }[/math].^[1][2] It is the sixth positive integer with a square-prime prime factorization of the form [math]\displaystyle{ p^{2}q }[/math], with [math]\displaystyle{ p }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ q }[/math] prime, and first of the form [math]\displaystyle{ 3^{2} \times q }[/math]. 45 has an aliquot sum of 33 that is part of an aliquot sequence composed of five composite numbers (45, 33, 15, 9, 4, 3, 1, and 0), all of-which are rooted in the 3-aliquot tree. This is the longest aliquot sequence for an odd number up to 45.

Forty-five is the sum of all single-digit decimal digits: [math]\displaystyle{ 0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9=45 }[/math]. It is, equivalently, the ninth triangle number.^[3]

Forty-five is also the fourth hexagonal number and the second hexadecagonal number, or 16-gonal number.^[4][5] It is also the second smallest triangle number (after 1 and 10) that can be written as the sum of two squares.

Forty-five is the smallest positive number that can be expressed as the difference of two nonzero squares in more than two ways: [math]\displaystyle{ 7^2-2^2 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ 9^2-6^2 }[/math] or [math]\displaystyle{ 23^2-22^2 }[/math] (see image).^[6]

Since the greatest prime factor of [math]\displaystyle{ 45^{2}+1=2026 }[/math] is 1,013, which is much more than 45 twice, 45 is a Størmer number.^[7] In decimal, 45 is a Kaprekar number and a Harshad number.^[8][9]

Forty-five is a little Schroeder number; the next such number is 197, which is the 45th prime number.^[10]

Forty-five is conjectured from Ramsey number [math]\displaystyle{ R(5, 5) }[/math].^[11][12]

[math]\displaystyle{ \phi(45)=\phi(\sigma(45)) }[/math]^[13]

Abstract algebra

In the classification of finite simple groups, the Tits group [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbb {T} }[/math] is sometimes defined as a nonstrict group of Lie type or sporadic group, which yields a total of 45 classes of finite simple groups: two stem from cyclic and alternating groups, sixteen are families of groups of Lie type, twenty-six are strictly sporadic, and one is the exceptional case of [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbb {T} }[/math].

In science

• The atomic number of rhodium

Astronomy

• Messier object M45, a magnitude 1.4 open cluster in the constellation Taurus, also known as the Pleiades
• The New General Catalogue object NGC 45, a magnitude 10.6 spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus

In music

45 rpm gramophone record

• A type of gramophone record classified by its rotational speed of 45 revolutions per minute (rpm)
• The group Stars on 45 and its self-titled 1981 song, "Stars on 45"
• "45 and Fat", a 1996 song by Babybird
• "Forty-Five", the title of a 2000 song by The Atomic Bitchwax
• "45", the title of a 2002 song by Elvis Costello, both referring to the 45 rpm singles and to the artist's age when he wrote the song.
• "45", the title of a 2012 song by The Gaslight Anthem
• "45", the title of a 2006 song by noodles
• "45", the title of a 2007 song by The Saturday Knights
• "45", the title of a 2003 song by Shinedown
• 45, the title of a 1982 album by Kino
• "Do the 45", the title of a 2007 song by Ryan Shaw
• forty-five is repeated continuously in the lyrics of the 1997 song "Brimful of Asha" by Cornershop

In other fields

See also: List of highways numbered 45

Forty-five may also refer to:

• The '45 refers to the Jacobite rising of 1745 in Great Britain, or the year that World War II ended, which was 1945.
• A card game: Forty-five.
• .45, a 2006 motion picture.
• +45 is the telephone dialing code for Denmark .
• 45, a book of essays by record producer Bill Drummond, derived both from the speed of a pop single and from his age when he finished writing it.
• A football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each.
• Guns or ammunition of .45 caliber. In the United States, "45" is often a reference to one of two specific .45 caliber cartridges—the .45 Colt or the .45 ACP.
• The number of the French department Loiret.
• The maximum mark an International Baccalaureate student can obtain.
• In years of marriage, the sapphire wedding anniversary.
• Forty-five (audio drama), a Big Finish 2008 audio play made for the forty fifth anniversary of the British science fiction television show Doctor Who.
• Issue 45 of The North Briton was thought to be seditious but its publisher, John Wilkes, was celebrated as a champion of liberty. The number 45 was used as a symbol of support for him. Banquets were held with a theme of 45 while many items were produced showing the number or featuring it in some way. For example, a wig was produced with 45 curls.^[14]
• The number of the laps of the German Grand Prix from 1978 until 2001 (except 1985 because the race was held at Nürburgring).
• Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States.

See also

• List of highways numbered 45

References

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