13963 Euphrates

13963 Euphrates
Discovery
Discovered by	E. W. Elst
Discovery site	La Silla Obs.
Discovery date	3 August 1991
Designations
MPC designation	(13963) Euphrates
Pronunciation	/juːˈfreɪtiːz/
Named after	Euphrates; (river in Mesopotamia)
Alternative designations	1991 PT4 · 1997 TO10
Minor planet category	main-belt · (outer); Griqua
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	45.98 yr (16,793 days)
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	4.1853 AU
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	2.4762 AU
Semi-major axis	3.3307 AU
Eccentricity	0.2566
Orbital period	6.08 yr (2,220 days)
Mean anomaly	84.506°
Mean motion	0° 9m 43.56s / day
Inclination	0.9360°
Longitude of ascending node	227.18°
\|{{{apsis}}}\|helion}}	129.72°
TJupiter	3.1090
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	9±1 km (est. at 0.06)
Absolute magnitude (H)	13.9

13963 Euphrates (/juːˈfreɪtiːz/), provisional designation 1991 PT₄, is a resonant Griqua asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1991, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in Chile.^[5] The asteroid was named after the Euphrates River in the Middle East.^[2]

Orbit and classification

Euphrates is one of very few bodies located in the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the gas giant Jupiter and belongs to the "marginally unstable" Griqua group.^[3]

It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–4.2 AU once every 6 years and 1 month (2,220 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1] A first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1971, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 20 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[5]

Physical characteristics

Based on an absolute magnitude of 13.9, it measures between 4 and 10 kilometers in diameter, assuming an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25. Since asteroids in the outer main-belt are mostly of a carbonaceous rather than of a silicaceous composition, with low albedos, typically around 0.06, its diameter is likely to be between 8 and 10 kilometers.^[4]

As of 2017, Euphrates' effective size, its composition and albedo, as well as its rotation period and shape remain unknown.^[1]^[6]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the Euphrates river, that flows through northern Syria and Iraq.^[2]

It is one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. The Tigris–Euphrates river system, a major river system, is formed when the two rivers combine at Al Qurnah. The minor planet 13096 Tigris is named after the other river of this system.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 August 2003 (M.P.C. 49280).^[7]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 13963 Euphrates (1991 PT4)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013963. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2006). "(13963) Euphrates [3.32, 0.26, 0.9]". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (13963) Euphrates, Addendum to Fifth Edition: 2003–2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 82. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34361-5_818. ISBN 978-3-540-34360-8.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Roig, F.; Nesvorný, D.; Ferraz-Mello, S. (September 2002). "Asteroids in the 2 : 1 resonance with Jupiter: dynamics and size distribution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 335 (2): 417–431. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05635.x. Bibcode: 2002MNRAS.335..417R. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2002MNRAS.335..417R. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "Absolute Magnitude (H)". NASA/JPL. http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 "13963 Euphrates (1991 PT4)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=13963. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
↑ "LCDB Data for (13963) Euphrates". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=13963%7CEuphrates. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

External links

(13963) Euphrates at AstDyS, University of Pisa
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000) – Minor Planet Center
13963 Euphrates at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
13963 Euphrates at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13963 Euphrates. Read more

[jpldata-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 13963 Euphrates (1991 PT4)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013963. Retrieved 5 July 2017.

[springer-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2006). "(13963) Euphrates [3.32, 0.26, 0.9]". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (13963) Euphrates, Addendum to Fifth Edition: 2003–2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 82. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34361-5_818. ISBN 978-3-540-34360-8.

[Roig-2002-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Roig, F.; Nesvorný, D.; Ferraz-Mello, S. (September 2002). "Asteroids in the 2 : 1 resonance with Jupiter: dynamics and size distribution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 335 (2): 417–431. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05635.x. Bibcode: 2002MNRAS.335..417R. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2002MNRAS.335..417R. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

[h-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Absolute Magnitude (H)". NASA/JPL. http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html.

[MPC-Euphrates-5] 5.0 ^5.1 "13963 Euphrates (1991 PT4)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=13963. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

[lcdb-6] "LCDB Data for (13963) Euphrates". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=13963%7CEuphrates. Retrieved 5 July 2017.

[MPC-Circulars-Archive-7] "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

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