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Eskimo Nebula

Topic: Astronomy

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 6 min
Short description: Planetary nebula in the constellation Gemini
NGC 2392
Emission nebula
Planetary nebula
File:250px
NGC 2392, the Eskimo Nebula by JWST in 2026.
Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension 07h 29m 10.7669s[1]
Declination+20° 54′ 42.488″[1]
Distance6,520±560[2] ly   (2000±170 pc)
Apparent magnitude (V)9.1[3]
Apparent dimensions (V)48″ × 48″[4]
ConstellationGemini[3]
Physical characteristics
Radius≥0.34[a] ly
Absolute magnitude (V)≤0.4[b]
Notable features–
DesignationsNGC 2392,[1] Caldwell 39, PN G197.8+17.3
Central Star: HIP 36369, HD 59088, TYC 1372-1287-1
See also: Lists of nebulae

The Eskimo Nebula is a bipolar,[5] double-shell[6] planetary nebula (PN) in the northern constellation of Gemini. Alternatively, it is known as NGC 2392, Clown Face Nebula, Lion Nebula,[7] or Caldwell 39. This feature was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1787. NGC 2392 lies about 6,500 light-years away, and is visible with a small telescope. The formation resembles a person's head surrounded by a parka hood. It is surrounded by gas that composed the ejected outer layers of a Sun-like star. The visible inner filaments are ejected by a strong wind of particles from the central stellar remnant. The outer disk contains unusual, light-year-long filaments.

At the center of NGC 2392, there is an O-type star (designated HD 59088[8]) with a spectral type of O(H)6f.[9]

Historic data

The nebula was discovered by William Herschel on January 17, 1787, in Slough, England. He described it as "A star 9th magnitude with a pretty bright middle, nebulosity equally dispersed all around. A very remarkable phenomenon."[10] NGC 2392 WH IV-45 is included in the Astronomical League's Herschel 400 observing program.

On 9 January 1982 it was occulted by the Moon during a Total Lunar Eclipse (the January 1982 lunar eclipse) over Greenland, the Arctic, the extreme northeast of North America, the northern half of Europe, North and Northeast Asia. This event was seen by several observers in England. The occultation during total eclipse will happen again during the January 2066 lunar eclipse over the northern half of Asia and the Northwest Pacific.[11]: 158 

  • A true color image of NGC 2392.
    A true color image of NGC 2392.
  • A wider field of view of NGC 2392
    A wider field of view of NGC 2392
  • An optical and microwave composite image of NGC 2392
    An optical and microwave composite image of NGC 2392
  • An optical (Hubble Space Telescope) and X-Ray (Chandra) composite image of NGC 2392.
    An optical (Hubble Space Telescope) and X-Ray (Chandra) composite image of NGC 2392.

Naming controversy

Location of Eskimo Nebula in Gemini, just east of δ Geminorum (annotated as 2392)

On 11 August 2020, the IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN), NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED),{{citation needed|date=August 2020} ]] (CDS) discontinued use of nicknames that were perceived as offensive which included "Eskimo Nebula", and strongly recommended the nebula be referred to by its NGC designation in further publications.[12][1]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Radius = distance × sin(angular size / 2) = ≥2900 ly * sin(48″ / 2) = ≥0.34 ly
  2. ^ 10.1 apparent magnitude – 5 * (log10(≥880 pc distance) – 1) = ≤0.4 absolute magnitude

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "NGC 2392". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+2392. 
  2. ↑ Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018b): Summary of the contents and survey properties
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Finlay, Warren H. (2014). Concise Catalogue of Deep-Sky Objects. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series (2nd ed.). Springer Cham. p. 203. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03170-5. ISBN 978-3-319-03169-9. 
  4. ↑ O'Dell, C. R.; Balick, B.; Hajian, A. R.; Henney, W. J. et al. (2002). "Knots in Nearby Planetary Nebulae". The Astronomical Journal 123 (6): 3329–3347. doi:10.1086/340726. Bibcode: 2002AJ....123.3329O. 
  5. ↑ O'dell, C. R.; Balick, B.; Hajian, A. R.; Henney, W. J.; Burkert, A. (2003). "Knots in Planetary Nebulae". in Arthur, S. J.; Henney, W. J.. Winds, Bubbles, and Explosions: a conference to honor John Dyson, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México, September 9–13, 2002. 15. pp. 29–33. Bibcode: 2003RMxAC..15...29O. http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/~rmaa/. Retrieved 2007-01-04. 
  6. ↑ Guerrero, M. A.; Chu, Y.-H.; Gruendl, R. A.; Meixner, M. (2005). "XMM-Newton detection of hot gas in the Eskimo Nebula: Shocked stellar wind or collimated outflows?". Astronomy and Astrophysics 430 (3): L69–L72. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200400131. Bibcode: 2005A&A...430L..69G. 
  7. ↑ O'Meara, Stephen James (2016). Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects (2nd ed.). p. 181. 
  8. ↑ Handler, G. (2 January 1996). "Three New Variable Planetary Nebula Central Stars: M 2-54, M 4-18 and NGC 2392". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars (Konkoly Observatory, Budapest: International Astronomical Union) 4283 (4283): 1. Bibcode: 1996IBVS.4283....1H. 
  9. ↑ González-Santamaría, I.; Manteiga, M.; Manchado, A.; Ulla, A.; Dafonte, C.; López Varela, P. (2021). "Planetary nebulae in Gaia EDR3: Central star identification, properties, and binarity". Astronomy & Astrophysics 656: A51. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141916. Bibcode: 2021A&A...656A..51G. 
  10. ↑ The Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel by J. L. E. Dreyer, Royal Society, London 1912
  11. ↑ Meeus, Jan (2002). "Occultations of deep-sky objects during a total lunar eclipse". More Mathematical Astronomy Morsels. Willmann-Bell. pp. 157–162. ISBN 0943396743. https://falakmu.id/khgt/dokumen/More%20mathematical%20astronomy%20morsels%20(Jean%20Meeus)%20(Z-Library).pdf. Retrieved 2025-02-21. 
  12. ↑ Talbert, Tricia (11 August 2020). "NASA to Reexamine Nicknames for Cosmic Objects". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-to-reexamine-nicknames-for-cosmic-objects. 

Template:NGC objects:2000-2499

Coordinates: Sky map 07h 29m 10.7669s, +20° 54′ 42.488″



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