Graphical timeline of the Stelliferous Era

This is the timeline of the stelliferous era but also partly charts the primordial era, and charts more of the degenerate era of the heat death scenario.

The scale is [math]\displaystyle{ 10 \times \log_{10}\{t\} }[/math] where [math]\displaystyle{ \{t\} }[/math] is the time since the Big Bang expressed in years. Example: one million years is [math]\displaystyle{ \{t\} = 1{,}000{,}000;\ \ 10 \times \log_{10}\{t\} = 10\times 6 = 60 }[/math].

Timeline

<timeline> ImageSize = width:720 height:2000 PlotArea = left:40 right:235 bottom:75 top:75

Colors =

 id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light yellow
 id:period2 value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # light blue
 id:events  value:rgb(1,0.7,1) # light purple
 id:era2    value:lightorange
 id:era1    Value:yellowgreen

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:56 till:200 TimeAxis = format:yyyy orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:60 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:56

AlignBars = justify

BarData =

 bar:Era
 bar:Dummy2
 bar:Dummy3
 bar:Periods
 bar:Dummy4
 bar:Events

TextData =

 fontsize:M
 pos:(250,75)
 text:"Photon epoch"
 pos:(260,657)
 text:"ZOOM  IN"
 pos:(107,1645)
 text:"NEXT"
 pos:(65,1630)
 text:"The Degenerate Era"
 pos:(65,120)
 text:"The Primordial Era"
 pos:(85,105)
 text:"PREVIOUS"

PlotData=

 textcolor:black  fontsize:M

 width:165
 bar:Era  mark:(line,white)  align:center  shift:(0,0)
 from:60  till:140  color:era2  text:"The Stelliferous Era"

 width:55
 bar:Dummy2
 bar:Dummy3

 width:165
 bar:Periods  align:center  shift:(0,0)  mark:(line,white)
 from:56   till:80   color:period1  text:"Dark Ages"
 from:80   till:90   color:period2  text:"Reionization"
 from:98   till:100  color:period1  text:"Formation of the Milky Way~galactic disk"  shift:(0,2)
 from:100  till:102  color:period2  text:"Life on Earth"
 from:190  till:200  color:period1

 width:55
 bar:Dummy4

 width:55
 mark:(line,purple)  textcolor:black  fontsize:M
 bar:Events  color:events  align:left  shift:(30,-4)

 at: 56  text:"379,000 years: Hydrogen and helium nuclei ~capture electrons to form stable atoms. Photons ~are no longer able to interact strongly with atoms. ~Cosmic microwave background radiation forms."  shift:(30,-15)
 at: 60  text:"One million years"
 at: 80  text:"100 million years. First star began to shine."
 at: 88  text:"600 million years ~Formation of the first galaxy"
 at: 90   text:"One billion years"
 at: 96  text:"4 billion years ~earliest  Population I stars"
 at:100  text:"9.1 billion years Formation of Earth~and Sun"
 at:101 mark:(line,magenta)  text:"13.7 billion years, the present day"

1. at:102 shift:(30,10) text:"16.7 billion years Collision of Milky Way and~Andromeda galaxies"

 at:103  shift:(30,0)  text:"19.1 billion years. Sun becomes a red giant ~and shortly thereafter a white dwarf"
 at:120  text:"One trillion years"
 at:140  text:"Formation of new stars ceases.~Stars cease to fuse. "
 at:150  text:"One quadrillion years. ~Solar systems no longer exist. Planets flung ~out of orbit or consumed by larger bodies.~Sun has become a~black dwarf."
 at:180  text:"One quintillion years"
 at:195  text:"Galaxies no longer exist. Stars flung out of orbit ~or consumed by black holes."  mark:(line,white)

</timeline>

See also

• Big Bang
• Cyclic model
• Dyson's eternal intelligence
• Final anthropic principle
• Future of an expanding universe
• Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death. Timeline uses double-logarithmic scale.
• Graphical timeline of the Big Bang
• Graphical timeline of the universe. Timeline uses linear time.
• Heat death of the universe
• List of other end scenarios than Heat Death
• 1 E19 s and more
• Second law of thermodynamics
• Ultimate fate of the Universe
• The Last Question, story by Isaac Asimov which considers the oncome of heat death in the universe and how it may be reversed.

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