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List of coolest exoplanets

Topic: Astronomy

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This is a list of the coolest exoplanets known, specifically those with temperatures lower than −75 °C (198 K). Planets from the Solar System were also included for comparison for purposes.

Discovered in 2006, OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb is the coldest known exoplanet, and was nicknamed "Hoth" by NASA in reference to the planet from the Star Wars franchise.[1]
Image
(or artistic representation) 		Name Temperature

(°C)

Mass Method[lower-alpha 1]

(M⊕ or MJ)

Notes References
OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb −223 (50 K) 000550 5.5 M🜨


Teq The coldest known exoplanet, with a temperature lower than the melting points of oxygen and nitrogen. [lower-alpha 2] [4]
OGLE-2005-BLG-071L b −218 120764 3.8 MJ


[5]
PSR B1620-26 b −201.2 079450 2.5 MJ


One of the oldest exoplanets known, with an age of about 12.7 billion years.[note 1] [6]
Neptune (For reference) −200 001715 17.15 M🜨


[7][8]
Uranus (For reference) −195 001454 14.54 M🜨


[7][9]
TOI-969 c −176.6+6.8
−5.8 		Teq [10]
MOA-2007-BLG-400Lb −173 or −239 001589 0.5–1.3 MJ


[11]
WASP-132d −166+11
−18 		164000 5.16±0.52 MJ


[12]
HD 154345 b −162±2 037691 1.186+0.095
−0.059 MJ


Teff [13]
HIP 11915 b −155 031462 0.99 MJ


Teq A Jupiter analog. [lower-alpha 3]
Gliese 777 b −152±4 053390 1.68+0.26
−0.16 MJ


Teff [13]
Gliese 414 Ac −148.3±13.5 005383 53.83 M🜨


Teq [14]
HD 191939 f < −148 066738 2.1 MJ


[15]
Saturn (For reference) −140 009500 95 M🜨


[7][16]
Kepler-167 e −138.6±5 032097 1.01 MJ


Teq [17]
HD 115954 b −128.1+8.1
−13 		263456 8.29 MJ


[18]
HD 118203 c −127±3 352758 11.1+1.3
−1.0 MJ


[19]
GJ 1289 b −123 000627 >6.27±1.25 M🜨


[20]
Epsilon Eridani b (AEgir) −123 020000 0.63 MJ


HD 164922 b −114 011600 0.365 MJ


[21][22]
Teegarden's Star d −114 00082 >0.82 M🜨


One of the nearest exoplanets. [23]
Jupiter (For reference) −110 031780 317.8 M🜨 
(1 MJ)
[7][24]
PSR B1257+12 d (Phobetor) −104 000390 3.9 M🜨


Teq One of the first exoplanets discovered. [25]
HR 5183 b −102+5.2
−5.1 		102649 3.23 MJ


A highly-eccentric orbit planet. [26]
TRAPPIST-1h −101.5 000033 0.326 M🜨


[27]
TOI-4010 e −99+8
−6 		069208 2.18 MJ


[28]
HATS-59 c −97.1±6.4 403606 12.7 MJ


[29]
HD 86226 b −97±4 014301 0.45 MJ


[30]
GJ 1002 c −91.3±5.2[lower-alpha 4] 000136 1.36 M🜨


Orbits within its star's habitable zone. [31]
EPIC 248847494 b −90+25
−18 		413140 <13 MJ


[32]
Kepler-421b −88.2+8.6
−4.8 		The transiting exoplanet with the longest orbital period around a single star. (704 days)[33] [34]
HD 192310 c −88 002400 24 M🜨


[35]
WD 1856+534 b −87+6
−7 		438564 <5.2+0.7
−0.8 MJ

[36]

Teff Coldest exoplanet with a measured temperature.[36]
Kepler-16b −85 010582 0.333 MJ


Teq A circumbinary planet. [37]
Kepler-186f −85[lower-alpha 5] 000144 1.44 M🜨


Potentially habitable [38][39]
TOI-4600 c −82±6 294600 <9.27 MJ


[40]
PSR B1257+12 c (Poltergeist) −80 000430 4.3 M🜨


One of the first exoplanets discovered. [41]
Gliese 876 b −79 083564 2.66 MJ


[42][43]
TRAPPIST-1g −75.8[lower-alpha 6] 000132 1.321 M🜨


Potentially habitable [27][38][44]
HD 217107 c −75±3 138879 4.37+0.13
−0.10 MJ


Teff [13]

Unconfirmed planets

These exoplanets have not been confirmed.

Image

(Or artistic representation)

Name Temperature Mass[lower-alpha 7] Notes References
K01174.01 -248 (25 K) Has a size of 0.267 RJ [45]
Proxima Centauri c −234.2 (38.8 K) 7 M🜨 [46][47]

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Meet 8 'Star Wars' Planets in Our Own Galaxy". May 1, 2023. https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/239/meet-8-star-wars-planets-in-our-own-galaxy/. 
  2. ↑ "Nitrogen - Melting Point - Boiling Point | nuclear-power.com" (in en-us). 2021-11-26. https://www.nuclear-power.com/nitrogen-melting-point-boiling-point/. 
  3. ↑ "Characteristics of the Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous States". http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/rogers/Text9/Tx91/tx91.html#:~:text=The%20normal%20melting%20point%20of,a%20gas%20at%20room%20temperature.. 
  4. ↑ Beaulieu, J. -P.; Bennett, D. P.; Fouqué, P.; Williams, A.; Dominik, M.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Kubas, D.; Cassan, A. et al. (2006-01-01). "Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing". Nature 439 (7075): 437–440. doi:10.1038/nature04441. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16437108. Bibcode: 2006Natur.439..437B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.439..437B. 
  5. ↑ Dong, Subo; Gould, Andrew; Udalski, Andrzej; Anderson, Jay; Christie, G. W.; Gaudi, B. S.; OGLE Collaboration; Jaroszyński, M. et al. (2009-04-01). "OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb, the Most Massive M Dwarf Planetary Companion?". The Astrophysical Journal 695 (2): 970–987. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/970. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...695..970D. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...695..970D. 
  6. ↑ "PSR B1620-26b (Cold jovian)". https://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/hec_plots/hec_orbit/hec_orbit_PSR_B1620-26_b.png. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Solar System Temperatures - NASA Science" (in en). 15 February 2022. https://science.nasa.gov/resource/solar-system-temperatures/. 
  8. ↑ "Neptune Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/neptunefact.html. 
  9. ↑ "Uranus Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/uranusfact.html. 
  10. ↑ "Planetary Systems". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PS. 
  11. ↑ Dong, Subo; Bond, I. A.; Gould, A.; Kozłowski, Szymon; Miyake, N.; Gaudi, B. S.; Bennett, D. P.; Abe, F. et al. (2009-06-04). "Microlensing Event Moa-2007-BLG-400: Exhuming the Buried Signature of a Cool, Jovian-Mass Planet". The Astrophysical Journal 698 (2): 1826–1837. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/698/2/1826. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  12. ↑ Grieves, N.; Bouchy, F.; Armstrong, D. J.; Akinsanmi, B.; Psaridi, A.; Ulmer-Moll, S.; Frensch, Y. G. C.; Helled, R. et al. (2025), "Discovery of a cold giant planet and mass measurement of a hot super-Earth in the multi-planetary system WASP-132", Astronomy & Astrophysics 693: A144, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348177 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Giovinazzi, Mark R.; Blake, Cullen H.; Robertson, Paul; Lin, Andrea S. J.; Gupta, Arvind F.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Fernandes, Rachel B.; Wright, Jason T. et al. (2025). "The NEID Earth Twin Survey. II. Dynamical Masses in Seven High-acceleration Star Systems". The Astronomical Journal 170: 52. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/add922. 
  14. ↑ Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A. et al. (2021-02-01). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal 161 (2): 86. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161...86D. 
  15. ↑ Orell-Miquel, J.; Nowak, G.; Murgas, F.; Palle, E.; Morello, G.; Luque, R.; Badenas-Agusti, M.; Ribas, I. et al. (2023-01-01). "HD 191939 revisited: New and refined planet mass determinations, and a new planet in the habitable zone". Astronomy and Astrophysics 669: A40. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244120. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...669A..40O. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...669A..40O. 
  16. ↑ "Saturn Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html. 
  17. ↑ Chachan, Yayaati; Dalba, Paul A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Thorngren, Daniel; Beichman, Charles; Ciardi, David R.; Howard, Andrew W. et al. (2022-02-01). "Kepler-167e as a Probe of the Formation Histories of Cold Giants with Inner Super-Earths". The Astrophysical Journal 926 (1): 62. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3ed6. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...926...62C. 
  18. ↑ Demangeon, O. D. S.; Dalal, S.; Hébrard, G.; Nsamba, B.; Kiefer, F.; Camacho, J. D.; Sahlmann, J.; Arnold, L. et al. (2021-09-01). "The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. XVIII. Six new cold Jupiters, including one of the most eccentric exoplanet orbits". Astronomy and Astrophysics 653: A78. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141079. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2021A&A...653A..78D. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021A&A...653A..78D. 
  19. ↑ Maciejewski, G. et al. (July 2024). "Tracking Advanced Planetary Systems (TAPAS) with HARPS-N VIII. A wide-orbit planetary companion in the hot-Jupiter system HD 118203". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451084. 
  20. ↑ Moutou, C.; Ould-Elhkim, M.; Donati, J.-F.; Charpentier, P.; Cadieux, C.; Delfosse, X.; Artigau, E.; Arnold, L. et al. (14 June 2024). "Characterising planetary systems with SPIRou: Temperate sub-Neptune exoplanet orbiting the nearby fully convective star GJ 1289 and a candidate around GJ 3378". Astronomy & Astrophysics 688: A196. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450466. Bibcode: 2024A&A...688A.196M. 
  21. ↑ Benatti, S.; Damasso, M.; Desidera, S.; Marzari, F.; Biazzo, K.; Claudi, R.; Di Mauro, M. P.; Lanza, A. F. et al. (2020-07-01). "The GAPS programme at TNG. XXIII. HD 164922 d: close-in super-Earth discovered with HARPS-N in a system with a long-period Saturn mass companion". Astronomy and Astrophysics 639: A50. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037939. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...639A..50B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020A&A...639A..50B. 
  22. ↑ Fulton, Benjamin J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Sinukoff, Evan; Petigura, Erik A.; Isaacson, Howard; Hirsch, Lea; Marcy, Geoffrey W. et al. (2016-10-10). "Three Temperate Neptunes Orbiting Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 830 (1): 46. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/830/1/46. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...830...46F. 
  23. ↑ Dreizler, S.; Luque, R.; Ribas, I.; Koseleva, V.; Ruh, H. L.; Nagel, E.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Zechmeister, M. et al. (2024-02-01), Teegarden's Star revisited: A nearby planetary system with at least three planets 
  24. ↑ "Jupiter Fact Sheet". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html. 
  25. ↑ Extrasolar Visions - PSR 1257+12 C
  26. ↑ Blunt, Sarah; Endl, Michael; Weiss, Lauren M.; Cochran, William D.; Howard, Andrew W.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Henry, Gregory W. et al. (2019-11-01). "Radial Velocity Discovery of an Eccentric Jovian World Orbiting at 18 au". The Astronomical Journal 158 (5): 181. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3e63. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2019AJ....158..181B. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Ducrot, Elsa; Gillon, M.; Delrez, L.; Agol, E.; Rimmer, P.; Turbet, M.; Günther, M. N.; Demory, B.-O. et al. (August 2020). "TRAPPIST-1: Global Results of the Spitzer Exploration Science Program {\it Red Worlds}". Astronomy & Astrophysics 640: A112. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937392. ISSN 0004-6361. 
  28. ↑ Kunimoto, Michelle; Vanderburg, Andrew; Huang, Chelsea X.; Davis, M. Ryleigh; Affer, Laura; Cameron, Andrew Collier; Charbonneau, David; Cosentino, Rosario et al. (2023-07-01). "TOI-4010: A System of Three Large Short-period Planets with a Massive Long-period Companion". The Astronomical Journal 166 (1): 7. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd537. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2023AJ....166....7K. 
  29. ↑ Sarkis, P.; Henning, Th.; Hartman, J. D.; Bakos, G. Á.; Brahm, R.; Jordán, A.; Bayliss, D.; Mancini, L. et al. (2018-11-01). "HATS-59b,c: A Transiting Hot Jupiter and a Cold Massive Giant Planet around a Sun-like Star". The Astronomical Journal 156 (5): 216. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aade54. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2018AJ....156..216S. 
  30. ↑ Teske, Johanna; Díaz, Matías R.; Luque, Rafael; Močnik, Teo; Seidel, Julia V.; Otegi, Jon Fernández; Feng, Fabo; Jenkins, James S. et al. (2020-08-01). "TESS Reveals a Short-period Sub-Neptune Sibling (HD 86226c) to a Known Long-period Giant Planet". The Astronomical Journal 160 (2): 96. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9f95. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2020AJ....160...96T. 
  31. ↑ Suárez Mascareño, A.; González-Álvarez, E.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Lillo-Box, J.; Faria, J. P.; Passegger, V. M.; González Hernández, J. I.; Figueira, P. et al. (2023-02-01). "Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ 1002". Astronomy and Astrophysics 670: A5. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244991. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...670A...5S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...670A...5S. 
  32. ↑ Giles, H. A. C.; Osborn, H. P.; Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; Lovis, C.; Bayliss, D.; Eggenberger, P.; Collier Cameron, A.; Kristiansen, M. H. et al. (2018-07-01). "Transiting planet candidate from K2 with the longest period". Astronomy and Astrophysics 615: L13. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833569. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2018A&A...615L..13G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...615L..13G. 
  33. ↑ "Transiting Exoplanet with Longest Known Year". 21 July 2014. https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/179/transiting-exoplanet-with-longest-known-year/. 
  34. ↑ Kipping, D. M.; Torres, G.; Buchhave, L. A.; Kenyon, S. J.; Henze, C.; Isaacson, H.; Kolbl, R.; Marcy, G. W. et al. (2014-11-01). "Discovery of a Transiting Planet near the Snow-line". The Astrophysical Journal 795 (1): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/795/1/25. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...795...25K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...795...25K. 
  35. ↑ Pepe, F.; Lovis, C.; Ségransan, D.; Benz, W.; Bouchy, F.; Dumusque, X.; Mayor, M.; Queloz, D. et al. (2011-10-01). "The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone. I. Very low-mass planets around HD 20794, HD 85512, and HD 192310". Astronomy and Astrophysics 534: A58. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117055. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2011A&A...534A..58P. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Mary Anne Limbach; Vanderburg, Andrew; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Jenkins, Sydney; Blouin, Simon; Rauscher, Emily; Bowens-Rubin, Rachel; Gallo, Elena; Mang, James; Morley, Caroline V.; Sing, David K.; O'Connor, Christopher; Venner, Alexander; Xu, Siyi (2025). "Thermal Emission and Confirmation of the Frigid White Dwarf Exoplanet WD 1856+534b". arXiv:2504.16982 [astro-ph.EP].
  37. ↑ Doyle, Laurance R.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Slawson, Robert W.; Howell, Steve B.; Winn, Joshua N.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Prsa, Andrej et al. (2011-09-16). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet". Science 333 (6049): 1602–1606. doi:10.1126/science.1210923. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 21921192. Bibcode: 2011Sci...333.1602D. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "PHL @ UPR Arecibo - The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog" (in en-US). https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog. 
  39. ↑ Quintana, Elisa V.; Barclay, Thomas; Raymond, Sean N.; Rowe, Jason F.; Bolmont, Emeline; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Howell, Steve B.; Kane, Stephen R. et al. (2014-04-18). "An Earth-sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of a Cool Star". Science 344 (6181): 277–280. doi:10.1126/science.1249403. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24744370. Bibcode: 2014Sci...344..277Q. 
  40. ↑ Mireles, Ismael; Dragomir, Diana; Osborn, Hugh P.; Hesse, Katharine; Collins, Karen A.; Villanueva, Steven; Bieryla, Allyson; Ciardi, David R. et al. (2023-09-01). "TOI-4600 b and c: Two Long-period Giant Planets Orbiting an Early K Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal 954 (1): L15. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aceb69. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...954L..15M. 
  41. ↑ Extrasolar Visions - PSR 1257+12 B
  42. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/hec_plots/hec_orbit/hec_orbit_Gliese_876_b.png. 
  43. ↑ Millholland, Sarah; Laughlin, Gregory; Teske, Johanna; Butler, R. Paul; Burt, Jennifer; Holden, Bradford; Vogt, Steven; Crane, Jeffrey et al. (2018-02-08). "New Constraints on Gliese 876 -- Exemplar of Mean-Motion Resonance". The Astronomical Journal 155 (3): 106. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaa894. ISSN 1538-3881. Bibcode: 2018AJ....155..106M. 
  44. ↑ Agol, Eric; Dorn, Caroline; Grimm, Simon L.; Turbet, Martin; Ducrot, Elsa; Delrez, Laetitia; Gillon, Michaël; Demory, Brice-Olivier et al. (2021-01-22). "Refining the Transit-timing and Photometric Analysis of TRAPPIST-1: Masses, Radii, Densities, Dynamics, and Ephemerides" (in en). The Planetary Science Journal 2 (1): 1. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abd022. ISSN 2632-3338. Bibcode: 2021PSJ.....2....1A. 
  45. ↑ "Planet K01174.01". 1995. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/k01174_01--4133/. 
  46. ↑ Benedict, G. Fritz; McArthur, Barbara E. (June 2020). "A Moving Target—Revising the Mass of Proxima Centauri c*" (in en). Research Notes of the AAS 4 (6): 86. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab9ca9. ISSN 2515-5172. Bibcode: 2020RNAAS...4...86B. 
  47. ↑ Damasso, Mario; Del Sordo, Fabio; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Giacobbe, Paolo; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Pojmanski, Grzegorz; Barbato, Domenico et al. (2020-01-01). "A low-mass planet candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri at a distance of 1.5 AU". Science Advances 6 (3). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax7467. PMID 31998838. Bibcode: 2020SciA....6.7467D. 
  1. ↑ Teff: Measured effective temperature. Teq: The temperature of the planet has not been measured, so it is listed with the calculated equilibrium temperature.
  2. ↑ The melting points of elemental Nitrogen and Oxygen at 1 bar pressure are -210 °C and -218 °C, respectively.[2][3]
  3. ↑ This was obtained using the CalcTool luminosity converter. Using the apparent magnitude of HIP 11915 and its distance from Earth (using the uncertainty parameter of ±10 light years), this yields a range of 1.03–1.27 L☉. When used in the default 190 light-year distance (with margin of error) is 1.07+0.11
    −0.09     L☉. When run into simulations using the orbital distance of HIP 11915 and its planet, yields a result of 118 K.
  4. ↑ This is the surface temperature if GJ 1002 c has no atmosphere.
  5. ↑ This is the surface temperature if Kepler-186f has no atmosphere.
  6. ↑ This is the surface temperature if TRAPPIST-1g has no atmosphere.
  7. ↑ M⊕: Earth mass MJ: Jupiter mass
  1. ↑ The age is the same as the globular cluster where PSR B1620-26b is located (Messier 4), as all the stars in the cluster formed at the same time, and the planets form together with their host stars.



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