This is a list of exoplanets detected by gravitational microlensing. The phenomenon results in the background star's light being warped around a foreground object, causing a distorted image. If the foreground object is a star with an orbiting planet, we would observe an abnormally bright image. By comparing the luminosity and light distortion of the background star to theoretical models, we can estimate the planet's mass and the distance from its star.
The least massive planet detected by microlensing is KMT-2020-BLG-0414Lb, which has about the same mass as Earth. The widest separation between a planet and a star is OGLE-2008-BLG-092Lb, which is ~15 AU; the shortest separation is MOA-2015-BLG-337Lb, which is 0.24 AU. There are 7 known multi-planetary systems detected by microlensing, all of which have two planets.[1]
2021Zang, Weicheng et al. (2021). "An Earth-mass planet in a time of COVID-19: KMT-2020-BLG-0414Lb". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics21 (9): 239. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/21/9/239.
Some microlensing events, such as MACHO-98-BLG-35 and PA-99-N2, suggest the possible presence of a planetary companion to the lensing star, but this is unconfirmed. Since microlensing relies on a one-time chance alignment, it is likely not possible to confirm these detections.
In some cases, a planetary interpretation for a microlensing event was proposed, but has been disproven. MACHO-1997-BLG-41 was initially interpreted as a binary star system orbited by a circumbinary planet, but a different model with two stars and no planet was later found to be a better fit to the data. Similarly, OGLE-2013-BLG-0723L was initially interpreted as a binary system of a star and a brown dwarf, with a low-mass planet orbiting the brown dwarf, but a model where the system consists of two low-mass stars with no planet was found to be a better fit to the data.[66]
↑The nature of the observed system is unclear. It is either a rogue planet with about 3.2MJ masses and a 0.5 M⊕exomoon or a red dwarf with 18 M⊕ planet.
↑Bond, I. A. et al. (2004). "OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53: A Planetary Microlensing Event". The Astrophysical Journal606 (2): L155–L158. doi:10.1086/420928. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...606L.155B.
↑Bennett, David P. et al. (2006). "Identification of the OGLE-2003-BLG-235/MOA-2003-BLG-53 Planetary Host Star". The Astrophysical Journal Letters647 (2): L171–L174. doi:10.1086/507585. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...647L.171B.
↑Udalski, A. et al. (2005). "A Jovian-Mass Planet in Microlensing Event OGLE-2005-BLG-071". The Astrophysical Journal628 (2): L109–L112. doi:10.1086/432795. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...628L.109U.
↑Gould, A. et al. (2006). "Microlens OGLE-2005-BLG-169 Implies That Cool Neptune-like Planets Are Common". The Astrophysical Journal Letters644 (1): L37–L40. doi:10.1086/505421. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...644L..37G.
↑Bennett, D. P. et al. (2008). "A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192". The Astrophysical Journal684 (1): 663–683. doi:10.1086/589940. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...684..663B.
↑Dong, Subo et al. (2009). "Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-400: Exhuming the Buried Signature of a Cool, Jovian-Mass Planet". The Astrophysical Journal698 (2): 1826–1837. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1826. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...698.1826D.
↑Bennett, D. P.; Sumi, T.; Bond, I. A.; Kamiya, K.; Abe, F.; Botzler, C. S.; Fukui, A.; Furusawa, K. et al. (2012). "Planetary and Other Short Binary Microlensing Events from the Moa Short-Event Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal757 (2): 119. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/119. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...757..119B.
↑Bachelet, E. et al. (2012). "MOA 2010-BLG-477Lb: CONSTRAINING THE MASS OF a MICROLENSING PLANET FROM MICROLENSING PARALLAX, ORBITAL MOTION, AND DETECTION OF BLENDED LIGHT". The Astrophysical Journal754 (1): 73. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/73. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...754...73B.
↑ 19.019.1Han, C. et al. (2013). "THE SECOND MULTIPLE-PLANET SYSTEM DISCOVERED BY MICROLENSING: OGLE-2012-BLG-0026Lb, c—A PAIR OF JOVIAN PLANETS BEYOND THE SNOW LINE". The Astrophysical Journal762 (2): L28. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/762/2/L28. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...762L..28H.
↑Street, R. A. et al. (2013). "Moa-2010-BLG-073L: An M-Dwarf with a Substellar Companion at the Planet/Brown Dwarf Boundary". The Astrophysical Journal763 (1): 67. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/763/1/67. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...763...67S.
↑Poleski, Radosław; Udalski, Andrzej; Dong, Subo; Szymański, Michał K.; Soszyński, Igor; Kubiak, Marcin; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz; Kozłowski, Szymon et al. (2014). "SUPER-MASSIVE PLANETS AROUND LATE-TYPE STARS—THE CASE OF OGLE-2012-BLG-0406Lb". The Astrophysical Journal782 (1): 47. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/47. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...782...47P.
↑Han, C. et al. (2013). "Microlensing Discovery of a Tight, Low-Mass-Ratio Planetary-Mass Object Around an Old Field Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal778 (1): 38. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/38. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...778...38H.
↑Furusawa, K.; Udalski, A.; Sumi, T.; Bennett, D. P.; Bond, I. A.; Gould, A.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Snodgrass, C. et al. (23 April 2018). "MOA-2010-BLG-328Lb: A Sub-Neptune Orbiting very Late M Dwarf?". The Astrophysical Journal779 (2): 91. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/91. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...779...91F.
↑Shvartzvald, Y. et al. (2014). "MOA-2011-BLG-322Lb: A 'second generation survey' microlensing planet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society439: 604–610. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2477.
↑Suzuki, D. et al. (2013). "MOA-2008-BLG-379Lb: A MASSIVE PLANET FROM a HIGH MAGNIFICATION EVENT WITH a FAINT SOURCE". The Astrophysical Journal780 (2): 123. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/123.
↑Bennett, D. P.; Batista, V.; Bond, I. A.; Bennett, C. S.; Suzuki, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Udalski, A.; Donatowicz, J. et al. (7 April 2014). "A Sub-Earth-Mass Moon Orbiting a Gas Giant Primary or a High Velocity Planetary System in the Galactic Bulge". The Astrophysical Journal785 (2): 155. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/155. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...785..155B.
↑Yee, J. C.; Han, C.; Gould, A.; Skowron, J.; Bond, I. A.; Udalski, A.; Hundertmark, M.; Monard, L. A. G. et al. (2014). "MOA-2013-BLG-220Lb: Massive Planetary Companion to Galactic-Disk Host". The Astrophysical Journal790 (1): 14. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/14. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...790...14Y.
↑Vandorou, Aikaterini; Bennett, David P.; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; Alard, Christophe; Blackman, Joshua W.; Cole, Andrew A.; Bhattacharya, Aparna; Bond, Ian A. et al. (2020). "Revisiting MOA 2013-BLG-220L: A Solar-type Star with a Cold Super-Jupiter Companion". The Astronomical Journal160 (3): 121. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba2d3. Bibcode: 2020AJ....160..121V.
↑Jung, Y. K.; Udalski, A.; Sumi, T.; Han, C.; Gould, A.; Skowron, J.; Kozłowski, S.; Poleski, R. et al. (2014). "OGLE-2013-BLG-0102LA,B: Microlensing binary with components at star/brown-dwarf and brown-dwarf/planet boundaries". The Astrophysical Journal798 (2): 123. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/798/2/123. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...798..123J.
↑Poleski, Radosław et al. (13 October 2014). "Triple Microlens Ogle-2008-BLG-092L: Binary Stellar System with a Circumprimary Uranus-Type Planet". The Astrophysical Journal795 (1): 42. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/795/1/42. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...795...42P.
↑Udalski, A.; Yee, J. C.; Gould, A.; Carey, S.; Zhu, W.; Skowron, J.; Kozłowski, S.; Poleski, R. et al. (2014). "Spitzer as Microlens Parallax Satellite: Mass Measurement for the OGLE-2014-BLG-0124L Planet and its Host Star". The Astrophysical Journal799 (2): 237. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/237. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...799..237U.
↑Skowron, J.; Shin, I. -G.; Udalski, A.; Han, C.; Sumi, T.; Shvartzvald, Y.; Gould, A.; Dominis-Prester, D. et al. (2014). "OGLE-2011-BLG-0265Lb: A Jovian Microlensing Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal804 (1): 33. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/33. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804...33S.
↑Fukui, A. et al. (2015). "OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb: A SATURN-MASS PLANET AROUND AN M DWARF WITH THE MASS CONSTRAINED BYSUBARUAO IMAGING". The Astrophysical Journal809 (1): 74. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/74. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...809...74F.
↑Rattenbury, N. J. et al. (2015). "MOA-2010-BLG-353Lb: A possible Saturn revealed". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society454: 946–951. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2045.
↑Han, C.; Udalski, A.; Gould, A.; Bozza, V.; Jung, Y. K.; Albrow, M. D.; Kim, S.-L.; Lee, C.-U. et al. (2016). "Ogle-2015-BLG-0051/KMT-2015-BLG-0048Lb: A Giant Planet Orbiting a Low-Mass Bulge Star Discovered by High-Cadence Microlensing Surveys". The Astronomical Journal152 (4): 95. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/4/95. Bibcode: 2016AJ....152...95H.
↑Koshimoto, N. et al. (2016). "OGLE-2012-BLG-0950Lb: THE FIRST PLANET MASS MEASUREMENT FROM ONLY MICROLENS PARALLAX AND LENS FLUX". The Astronomical Journal153: 1. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/1.
↑Rattenbury, N. J. et al. (2017). "Faint-source-star planetary microlensing: The discovery of the cold gas-giant planet OGLE-2014-BLG-0676Lb". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society466 (3): 2710–2717. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3185.
↑Shvartzvald, Y.; Yee, J. C.; Novati, S. Calchi; Gould, A.; Lee, C.-U.; Beichman, C.; Bryden, G.; Carey, S. et al. (2017). "An Earth-mass Planet in a 1 au Orbit around an Ultracool Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal840 (1): L3. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa6d09. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...840L...3S.
↑Vandorou, Aikaterini; Dang, Lisa; Bennett, David P.; Koshimoto, Naoki; Terry, Sean K.; Beaulieu, Jean-Phillipe; Alard, Christophe; Bhattacharya, Aparna; Blackman, Joshua W.; Bouchoutrouch-Ku, Tarik; Cole, Andrew A.; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste; Ranc, Clément; Rektsini, Natalia (2023). "OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb: A Sub-Neptune Beyond the Snow Line of an M-dwarf Confirmed by Keck AO". arXiv:2302.01168 [astro-ph.EP].
↑Nagakane, M. et al. (2017). "MOA-2012-BLG-505Lb: A Super-Earth-mass Planet That Probably Resides in the Galactic Bulge". The Astronomical Journal154 (1): 35. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa74b2. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154...35N.
↑Poleski, R. et al. (2017). "A companion on the planet/Brown dwarf mass boundary on a wide orbit discovered by gravitational microlensing". Astronomy & Astrophysics604: A103. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730928. Bibcode: 2017A&A...604A.103P.
↑Koshimoto, N. et al. (2017). "MOA-2016-BLG-227Lb: A Massive Planet Characterized by Combining Light-curve Analysis and Keck AO Imaging". The Astronomical Journal154 (1): 3. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa72e0. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154....3K.
↑Han, C. et al. (2017). "OGLE-2016-BLG-0263Lb: Microlensing Detection of a Very Low-mass Binary Companion through a Repeating Event Channel". The Astronomical Journal154 (4): 133. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa859a. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..133H.
↑Ryu, Y.-H. et al. (2017). "OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The FirstSpitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary". The Astronomical Journal155: 40. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9be4.
↑Freeman, M.; Philpott, L. C.; Abe, F.; Albrow, M. D.; Bennett, D. P.; Bond, I. A.; Botzler, C. S.; Bray, J. C. et al. (2014). "Can the masses of isolated planetary-mass gravitational lenses be measured by terrestrial parallax?". The Astrophysical Journal799 (2): 181. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/181. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...799..181F.
↑Kim, Hyoun-Woo; Hwang, Kyu-Ha; Gould, Andrew; Yee, Jennifer C.; Ryu, Yoon-Hyun; Albrow, Michael D.; Chung, Sun-Ju; Han, Cheongho et al. (2021). "KMT-2019-BLG-2073: Fourth Free-floating Planet Candidate with θ e < 10 μas". The Astronomical Journal162 (1): 15. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abfc4a. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162...15K.
↑Mróz, Przemek et al. (2020). "A Terrestrial-mass Rogue Planet Candidate Detected in the Shortest-timescale Microlensing Event". The Astrophysical Journal Letters903 (1): L11. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abbfad. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...903L..11M.
↑Han, Cheongho; Bennett, David P.; Udalski, Andrzej; Jung, Youn Kil (2016). "A New Nonplanetary Interpretation of the Microlensing Event Ogle-2013-BLG-0723". The Astrophysical Journal825 (1): 8. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/8. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...825....8H.