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List of neutrino experiments

Topic: Astronomy

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 11 min

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Neutrino experiments are scientific studies investigating the properties of neutrinos, which are subatomic particles that are very difficult to detect due to their weak interactions with matter. Neutrino experiments are essential for understanding the fundamental properties of matter and the universe's behaviour at the subatomic level. Here is a non-exhaustive list of neutrino experiments and neutrino detectors.

Abbreviation Full name Sensitivity[a] Type Induced reaction Type of reaction[b] Detector Type of detector Threshold energy Location Operation Home page
ANNIE Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment SciBooNE Hall, Illinois, United States future [1]
ANTARES Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss Environmental RESearch ATM, CR, AGN, PUL νe, νμ, ντ Seawater Cherenkov Mediterranean Sea, France 2006–2022 [2]
ARIANNA Antarctic Ross Ice-Shelf ANtenna Neutrino Array S, CR, AGN, ? νe, νμ, ντ Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica future [3]
BDUNT (NT-200+)
Baikal-GVD 		Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope /
Gigaton Volume Detector 		S, ATM, LS, AGN, PUL νe, νμ, ντ CC, NC Water (H2O) Cherenkov ≈10 GeV Lake Baikal, Russia 1993– [4]
[5]
BOREXINO BORon EXperiment LS νe νx + e− → νx + e− ES LOS shielded by water Scintillation 250–665 keV Gran Sasso, Italy May 2007– [6] [7]
BUST Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope Scintillation Baksan River valley, Russia 1977– [8]
CCM Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills AC νe CC Liquid Argon Scintillation 50 keV Los Alamos Neutron Science Center 2019- [9]
CHANDLER Carbon Hydrogen AntiNeutrino Detector with a Lithium Enhanced Raghavan-optical-lattice R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC WLS Plastic Scintillating Cubes and Lithium-6-loaded Zinc Sulfide Sheets Scintillation 1.8 MeV North Anna, Virginia, US June 2017- [10]
CLEAN Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon LS, SN, WIMP νe νx + e− → νx + e−

νe + The element Chemistry:Neon does not exist. → νe + The element Chemistry:Neon does not exist.

ES
ES 		Liquid Ne (10 t) Scintillation SNOLAB
Ontario, Canada 		future [11]
COBRA Cadmium zinc telluride 0-neutrino double-Beta Research Apparatus The element Chemistry:Zinc does not exist. + e− → The element Chemistry:Nickel does not exist. + e+
The element Chemistry:Zinc does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Germanium does not exist. + e− + e−
The element Chemistry:Cadmium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Palladium does not exist. + e+ + e+
The element Chemistry:Cadmium does not exist. + e− + e− → The element Chemistry:Palladium does not exist.
The element Chemistry:Cadmium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Tin does not exist. + e− + e−
The element Chemistry:Cadmium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Tin does not exist. + e− + e−
The element Chemistry:Tellurium does not exist. + e− → The element Chemistry:Tin does not exist. + e+
The element Chemistry:Tellurium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Xenon does not exist. + e− + e−
The element Chemistry:Tellurium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Xenon does not exist. + e− + e− 		BB Cadmium zinc telluride Gran Sasso, Italy 2007– [12]
COHERENT COHERENT AC νμ, νμ, νe ν + nucleus → ν + nucleus ES (NC), CC CsI[Na], NaI[Tl], HPGe, LAr Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) few keV nuclear recoil energy Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Nov 2016- [13]
CONUS / CONUS+ COherent Neutrino nUcleus Scattering R νe νe + nucleus → νe + nucleus ES (NC) HPGe Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) 4 detectors: 160eV, 170eV, 180eV and 250eV [1] Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant, Germany (CONUS);

Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant, Switzerland (CONUS+)

2018-2022 (CONUS);

2022-Ongoing (CONUS+)

[14]
Daya Bay Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC Gd-doped LAB (LOS) Scintillation 1.8 MeV Daya Bay, China 2011–2020 [15]
Double Chooz Double Chooz Reactor Neutrino Experiment R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC Gd-doped LOS Scintillation 1.8 MeV Chooz, France 2011–2017 [16]
DUNE Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment AC, ATM, (S), SN all NC, CC, (ES) Liquid argon Scintillation & Time projection chamber around 10 MeV Sanford Underground Research Facility construction start 2017 [17]
ENUBET Enhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon Tagging AC νe, νμ
νe, νμ 		νe + n → e− + p (+π, +X)
νμ + n → μ− + p (+π, +X)

νe + p → e+ + n (+π, +X)
νμ + p → μ+ + n (+π, +X)

CC

(NC)

future [18]
ESSnuSB The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam AC νμ, νμ(Background: νe,νe) Water Water Cherenkov MEMPHYS detector 0.36 GeV Garpenberg, Lund, Sweden future by 2023 [2][3][19]
FASER ForwArd Search ExpeRiment C νe, νμ, ντ ν + N → ℓ + X CC + NC Tungsten Emulsion >10 GeV Large Hadron Collider 2022- [20]
EXO-200 Enriched Xenon Observatory The element Chemistry:Xenon does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Barium does not exist. + e− + e−
The element Chemistry:Xenon does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Barium does not exist. + e− + e− 		BB Liquid Xenon WIPP, New Mexico 2009– [21]
GALLEX GALLium EXperiment LS νe νe + The element Chemistry:Gallium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Germanium does not exist. + e− CC GaCl3 (30 t) Radiochemical 233.2 keV Gran Sasso, Italy 1991–1997 [22]
GERDA The GERmanium Detector Array BB νe The element Chemistry:Germanium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Arsenic does not exist. + e− + e− BB HPGe Semiconductor ~20 keV Gran Sasso, Italy 2015-2019 [23]
GRAND Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection AGN, CR, ? ντ ντ + N → τ− + X CC Electromagnetic waves caused by τ− through extensive air showers in the atmosphere. Radio 1017 eV China Proposed [24]
HALO Helium And Lead Observatory SN νe, νx νe + The element Chemistry:Lead does not exist. → e− + The element Chemistry:Bismuth does not exist.*
ν + The element Chemistry:Lead does not exist. → ν + The element Chemistry:Lead does not exist.* 		CC, NC Lead (79 t) and 3He High-Z ≈10 MeV Creighton Mine, Ontario 2012– [25]
HERON Helium Roton Observation of Neutrinos LS νe (mainly) νe + e− → νe + e− NC Superfluid He Rotational excitation 1 MeV future [26]
HOMESTAKE–CHLORINE Homestake chlorine experiment S νe The element Chemistry:Chlorine does not exist. + νe → The element Chemistry:Argon does not exist.* + e−
The element Chemistry:Argon does not exist.* → The element Chemistry:Chlorine does not exist. + e+ + νe 		CC C2Cl4 (615 t) Radiochemical 814 keV Homestake Mine, South Dakota 1967–1998 [27]
HOMESTAKE–IODINE Homestake iodine experiment S νe ν + e− → ν + e−
νe + The element Chemistry:Iodine does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Xenon does not exist. + e− 		ES
CC 		NaI in water Radiochemical 789 keV Homestake Mine, South Dakota future [28]
Hyper-Kamiokande Hyper-Kamiokande S, ATM, SN, AC νe, νμ
νe, νμ 		νe + e− → νe + e−

νe + n → e− + p (+π, +X)
νμ + n → μ− + p (+π, +X)
νe + p → e+ + n (+π, +X)
νμ + p → μ+ + n (+π, +X)

ES, CC, (NC) water Cherenkov 200 MeV Tokai and Kamioka, Japan 2027-
(under construction) 		[29]
ICARUS Imaging Cosmic And Rare Underground Signal S, ATM, GSN νe, νμ, ντ ν + e− → ν + e− ES Liquid Ar Cherenkov 5.9 MeV Gran Sasso, Italy 2010– [30]
IceCube IceCube Neutrino Detector ATM, CR, AGN, ? νe, νμ, ντ ν + N → ν + Cascade , ν + N → Charged lepton + Cascade CC, NC Water ice (1 km3) Cherenkov ≈10 GeV South Pole, Antarctica 2006– [31]
India-based Neutrino Observatory Iron Calorimeter Detector @ India-based Neutrino Observatory ATM νμ νμ+Fe→μ−+X CC (dominant), NC Magnetised iron (50 kton) RPC active detector elements ≈0.6 GeV Theni, Tamil Nadu, India 2012– (lab construction); 2018– (detector operation) [32]
JUNO Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC LAB (LOS) + PPO + Bis-MSB Scintillation Kaiping, China 2014– (construction) [33]
Kamiokande Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment S, ATM νe ν + e− → ν + e− ES Water (H2O) Cherenkov 7.5 MeV Kamioka, Japan 1986–1995 [34]
KamLAND Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC LOS Scintillation 1.8 MeV Kamioka, Japan 2002– [35]
KATRIN Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment MTR, ATR νe The element Chemistry:Hydrogen does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Helium does not exist. + e− + νe CC Spectrometer Semiconductor ≈ 0.45 eV Germany 2019- [36]
KM3NeT KM3 Neutrino Telescope S, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL νμ,νe,ντ Sea water (≈5 km3) Cherenkov Mediterranean Sea 2014– [37]
LAGUNA Large Apparatus studying Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics future [38]
LEGEND The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless ββ Decay BB νe The element Chemistry:Germanium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Arsenic does not exist. + e− + e− BB HPGe Semiconductor ~50 keV Gran Sasso, Italy 2023- [39]
LENS Low Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy LS νe νe + The element Chemistry:Indium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Tin does not exist. + νe + 2γ CC In-doped LOS Scintillation 120 keV proposed [40] [41]
Majorana Demonstrator The Majorana Demonstrator BB νe The element Chemistry:Germanium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Arsenic does not exist. + e− + e− BB HPGe Semiconductor ~2 keV Homestake Mine, South Dakota 2015-2021 [42]
MicroBooNE AC, SN νe, νμ ES, NC, CC Liquid Argon TPC few MeV Illinois, United States 2014- [43]
MINERvA Main Injector ExpeRiment for v-A AC νμ many CC, NC Solid scintillator, targets of Liquid helium, Carbon, Water, Iron, Lead Scintillation ≈0.5 GeV Illinois, United States 2009–2019 [44]
MiniBooNE Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment AC νe, νμ νe + The element Chemistry:Carbon does not exist. → e− + X CC Mineral oil (1000 t) Cherenkov ≈100 keV Illinois, United States 2002– [45]
MINOS Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search AC, ATM νe, νμ νμ+nucleus → μ−+X CC, NC Solid scintillator Scintillation ≈0.5 GeV Illinois and Minnesota, United States 2005–2012 [46]
MINOS+ Upgraded electronics for MINOS AC, ATM νe, νμ, νμ+nucleus → μ−+X CC, NC Solid scintillator Scintillation ≈0.5 GeV Illinois and Minnesota, United States 2013– [47]
MOON Molybdenum Observatory Of Neutrinos LS, LSN νe νe + The element Chemistry:Molybdenum does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Technetium does not exist. + e− CC The element Chemistry:Molybdenum does not exist. (1 kt) + MoF6 (gas) Scintillation 168 keV Washington, United States [48]
NEMO-3 Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory BB νe The element Chemistry:Molybdenum does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Ruthenium does not exist. + 2 e−
The element Chemistry:Selenium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Krypton does not exist. + 2 e− 		BB Tracker + calorimeter He+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators 150 keV Modane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France 2003–2011 [49]
NEMO Telescope NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory Mediterranean Sea, Italy 2007– [50]
Neutrino-4 Neutrino-4 Reactor Neutrino Experiment R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC liquid organic scintillator loaded with Gd Scintillation ≈2 MeV Dimitrovgrad, Russia 2014– [4]
NEVOD Cherenkov water detector NEVOD ATM, CR νμ νμ + n → μ− + p
νμ + p → μ+ + n 		CC Water (H2O) Cherenkov ≈2 GeV Moscow, Russia 1993– [51]
NEXT Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon Time Projection Chamber BB The element Chemistry:Xenon does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Barium does not exist. + 2 e− BB Gaseous Xenon Time projection chamber ≈10 keV Canfranc, Spain 2016– [52]
NOνA NuMI Off-Axis νe Appearance AC νe, νμ νe+nucleus → e−+X CC Liquid scintillator Scintillation ≈0.1 GeV Illinois and Minnesota, United States 2011– [53]
NUCLEUS NUCLEUS R νe νe + nucleus → νe + nucleus ES (NC) CaWO4 / Al2O3 Phonon-mediated Transition-edge sensor Bolometer 20 eV[5] Technical University of Munich, Germany (Development);

Chooz Nuclear Power Plant, France

2017 (R&D);

Future (Experiment)

[54]
OPERA Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus AC ντ ντ+nucleus → τ−+X CC Lead/Emulsion Nuclear Emulsion ≈1.0 GeV LNGS (Italy) and CERN 2008– [55]
Auger Pierre Auger Observatory CR Cherenkov Argentina [56]
Project 8 Project 8 experiment ATR νe The element Chemistry:Hydrogen does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Helium does not exist. + e− + νe CC Microwave Cavity Radio ≈ 0.04 eV USA, Germany future [57]
RENO Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC Gd-doped LOS Scintillation 1.8 MeV South Korea 2011–
RNO-G Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland CR, AGN, ? νe, νμ, ντ CC, NC In-Ice Radio >10 PeV Summit Camp, Greenland 2021– [58]
SAGE Soviet–American Gallium Experiment LS νe νe + The element Chemistry:Gallium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Germanium does not exist. + e− CC Ga (metallic) Radiochemical 233.2 keV Baksan River valley, Russia 1989– [59]
SciBooNE SciBar (Scintillator Bar) Booster Neutrino Experiment AC νμ νμ + The element Chemistry:Carbon does not exist. → μ− + X CC, NC Plastic (CH,10 ton) Scintillation ≈100 keV Illinois, United States 2007–2008 [60]
SNO Sudbury Neutrino Observatory S, ATM, GSN νe, νμ, ντ νe + The element Chemistry:Deuterium does not exist. → 2p + e−
νx + The element Chemistry:Deuterium does not exist. → νx + n + p
νe + e− → νe + e− 		CC
NC
ES 		Heavy water (1 kt D2O) Cherenkov 3.5 MeV Creighton Mine, Ontario 1999–2006 [61]
SNO+ SNO with liquid scintillator S,LS,R,T,

SN,LSN

νe νx + e− → νx + e−

νe + p → e+ + n

ES, BB linear alkylbenzene (LAB) + PPO Scintillation ≈≤1MeV Creighton Mine, Ontario 2014– [62]
SoLid Short baseline Oscillation Search with Lithium-6 Detector R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC plastic and anorganic scintillator Scintillation ≈2 MeV Mol, Belgium 2015- [63]
STEREO STErile neutrino REactor Oscillation experiment R νe νe + p → e+ + n CC liquid organic scintillator loaded with Gd Scintillation ≈2 MeV Grenoble, France 2013– [64]
Super-K Super-Kamiokande S, ATM, GSN νe, νμ, ντ νe + e− → νe + e−
νe + n → e− + p
νe + p → e+ + n 		ES
CC
CC 		Water (H2O) Cherenkov 200 MeV Kamioka, Japan 1996– [65] [66]
SuperNEMO SuperNEMO BB νe The element Chemistry:Selenium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Krypton does not exist. + 2 e−
The element Chemistry:Neodymium does not exist. → The element Chemistry:Samarium does not exist. + 2 e− 		BB Tracker + calorimeter He+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators 150 keV Modane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France 2017– [67]
TRIDENT TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope S, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL νe, νμ, ντ CC, NC Seawater (7.5 cubic km) Cherenkov Western Pacific Ocean Proposed

Pilot: 2026
Full operation: 2030

[68]
T2K Tokai to Kamioka AC νe, νμ
νe, νμ 		νe + n → e− + p (+π, +X)
νμ + n → μ− + p (+π, +X)

νe + p → e+ + n (+π, +X)
νμ + p → μ+ + n (+π, +X)

CC

(NC)

Water (H2O) Cherenkov
200 MeV
Tokai, Japan Kamioka, Japan 2011– [69]
UNO Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory S, ATM, GSN, RSN νe, νμ, ντ νe + e− → νe + e− ES Water (440 kt H2O) Cherenkov Henderson Mine, Colorado abandoned [70]

^[a] Accelerator neutrino (AC), Active galactic nuclei neutrino (AGN), Atmospheric neutrino (ATM), Collider neutrino (C), Cosmic ray neutrino (CR), Low-energy solar neutrino (LS), Low-energy supernova neutrino (LSN), Pulsar neutrino (PUL), Reactor neutrino (R), Solar neutrino (S), Supernova neutrino (SN), Terrestrial neutrino (T), Molecular Tritium neutrino (MTR), Atomic Tritium neutrino (ATR), Electron Capture neutrino (EC).
^[b] Double beta decay (BB), Charged current (CC), Elastic scattering (ES), Neutral current (NC).

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ackermann, N.; Bonet, H.; Bonhomme, A.; Buck, C.; Fülber, K.; Hakenmüller, J.; Hempfling, J.; Heusser, G. et al. (2025). "Direct observation of coherent elastic antineutrino–nucleus scattering". Nature 643 (8074): 1229–1233. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09322-2. PMID 40739024. Bibcode: 2025Natur.643.1229A. 
  2. ↑ Wildner, E.; Baussan, E.; Blennow, M.; Bogomilov, M.; Burgman, A.; Bouquerel, E.; Carlile, C.; Cederkäll, J. et al. (2016). "The Opportunity Offered by the ESSnuSB Project to Exploit the Larger Leptonic CP Violation Signal at the Second Oscillation Maximum and the Requirements of This Project on the ESS Accelerator Complex" (in en). Advances in High Energy Physics 2016: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2016/8640493. ISSN 1687-7357. 
  3. ↑ Dracos, Marcos (September 2018). "The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1067. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1067/4/042001. ISSN 1742-6588. 
  4. ↑ A.P. Serebrov (2015). "Neutrino-4 Experiment on the Search for a Sterile Neutrino at the SM-3 Reactor". Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 121 (4): 578–586. doi:10.1134/S1063776115100209. Bibcode: 2015JETP..121..578S. 
  5. ↑ Strauss, R.; Rothe, J.; Angloher, G.; Bento, A.; Gütlein, A.; Hauff, D.; Kluck, H.; Mancuso, M. et al. (2017-07-31). "The $$\nu $$-cleus experiment: a gram-scale fiducial-volume cryogenic detector for the first detection of coherent neutrino–nucleus scattering" (in en). The European Physical Journal C 77 (8): 506. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5068-2. ISSN 1434-6052. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5068-2. 



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