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List of oldest stars

Topic: Astronomy

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 4 min

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The age of the oldest known stars approaches the age of the universe, about 13.8 billion years. Some of these are among the first stars from reionization (the stellar dawn), ending the Dark Ages about 370,000 years after the Big Bang.[1] This list includes stars older than 12 billion years, or about 87% of the age of the universe.

List

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Name Age
(billions of years) 		Mass (M☉) Temperature (K) Distance (ly) Location Notes
HD 140283 14.2±0.4[2] 0.75[2] 200.5[3] Milky Way halo Agrees with the age of the Universe within one standard deviation.[2]
2MASS J22132050-5137385 13.6±2.6 0.80±0.08 5,509 [4] 6,560+260−330 Milky Way [4]
2MASS J18082002−5104378 13.53[5][6] ~0.8 5,440 ± 100[7] 1,950 Milky Way thin disk
SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 13.4[8] ~0.75 5,125 [9] 6,000 Milky Way halo or Globular clusters
SDSS J0715-7334 12.8 - 13.0[10] 0.78[11] 4,700±100[12] 85129+4892
−5219[10] 		Milky Way halo Born near the Large Magellanic Cloud
TOI-157[13] 12.82+0.73
−1.40 		0.948+0.023−0.018 5,629[14] 1,181±9 Milky Way Has one exoplanet
PSR B1620−26 12.7–11.2[15] 12,400 Globular cluster Messier 4 Host star of one of the oldest exoplanets.
Gliese 414 12.4±5.2[16] 0.65 Primary: 4120±109

Secondary: 3663±70 [16]

38.7 Milky Way disk Host two exoplanets
BD+44 493[17] 12.1–13.2 0.83+0.09−0.05 666.3+3.59−3.26 Milky Way disk
HR 5455 12±1[18] 1.32±0.05 6,341±70 [19] 87.7
PicII-503 >10[20] 150,000[citation needed] Pictor II Classified as a second-generation (Population II) star.[20]

References

  1. ↑ Barkana, Rennan (1 March 2018). "Possible interaction between baryons and dark-matter particles revealed by the first stars". Nature 555 (7694): 71–74. doi:10.1038/nature25791. PMID 29493590. Bibcode: 2018Natur.555...71B. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lundkvist, M. S.; Larsen, J. R.; Li, Y.; Winther, M. L.; Bedding, T. R.; Kjeldsen, H.; White, T. R.; Nielsen, M. B. et al. (2025-10-13). "Asteroseismic investigation of HD 140283: The Methuselah star". Astronomy and Astrophysics 703: A232. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556292. Bibcode: 2025A&A...703A.232L. 
  3. ↑ Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Roederer, Ian U.; Beers, Timothy C.; Hattori, Kohei; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese T.; Ezzeddine, Rana; Frebel, Anna; Holmbeck, Erika M. et al. (2024-08-01). "The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J22132050–5137385, the Star with the Highest-known r-process Enhancement at [Eu/Fe] = +2.45". The Astrophysical Journal 971 (2): 158. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad57bf. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...971..158R. 
  5. ↑ Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Thompson, Ian B.; Casey, Andrew R. (5 November 2018). "An ultra metal-poor star near the hydrogen-burning limit". The Astrophysical Journal 867 (2): 98. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadd97. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...867...98S. 
  6. ↑ "One of Milky Way's oldest stars discovered". 6 November 2018. http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/ultra-metal-poor-star-06577.html. 
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named melendez
  8. ↑ Ishigaki, Miho N.; Tominaga, Nozomu; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Nomoto, Ken'ichi (2014). "Faint Population III supernovae as the origin of the most iron-poor stars". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 792 (2): L32. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/792/2/L32. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...792L..32I. 
  9. ↑ Keller, S. C.; Bessell, M. S.; Frebel, A.; Casey, A. R.; Asplund, M.; Jacobson, H. R.; Lind, K.; Norris, J. E. et al. (February 2014). "A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3" (in en). Nature 506 (7489): 463–466. doi:10.1038/nature12990. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 24509711. Bibcode: 2014Natur.506..463K. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12990. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Ji, Alexander P. et al. (2026). "A nearly pristine star from the Large Magellanic Cloud". Nature Astronomy 10 (6): 842–857. doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02816-7. Bibcode: 2026NatAs..10..842J. 
  11. ↑ Limberg, Guilherme; Placco, Vinicius M.; Ji, Alexander P.; Yao, Yupeng; Chiti, Anirudh; Mardini, Mohammad K.; Frebel, Anna; Rossi, Silvia (2025). "Discovery of an [Fe/H] ∼ −4.8 Star in Gaia XP Spectra". The Astrophysical Journal 989 (1): L18. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adf196. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...989L..18L. 
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Alexander20262
  13. ↑ Nielsen, L. D.; Brahm, R.; Bouchy, F.; Espinoza, N.; Turner, O.; Rappaport, S.; Pearce, L.; Ricker, G. et al. (July 2020). "Three short-period Jupiters from TESS: HIP 65Ab, TOI-157b, and TOI-169b". Astronomy & Astrophysics 639: A76. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037941. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...639A..76N. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037941. 
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GAIA
  15. ↑ Lacki, Brian C.; Brzycki, Bryan; Croft, Steve; Czech, Daniel; DeBoer, David; DeMarines, Julia; Gajjar, Vishal; Isaacson, Howard et al. (2021-12-01). "One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 257 (2): 42. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2021ApJS..257...42L. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A. et al. (2021-02-01). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal 161 (2): 86. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161...86D. 
  17. ↑ Placco, Vinicius M.; Gupta, Arvind F.; Almeida-Fernandes, Felipe; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Rajagopal, Jayadev; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Roederer, Ian U.; John Della Costa et al. (2024). "BD+44 493: Chemo-Dynamical Analysis and Constraints on Companion Planetary Masses from WIYN/NEID Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal 977 (1): 12. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8646. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...977...12P. 
  18. ↑ Fuhrmann, Klaus; Chini, Rolf (2017-10-21). "On the ancient field blue straggler HR 5455". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2): 1888–1891. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1784. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  19. ↑ Fuhrmann, Klaus; Chini, Rolf (2018-10-03). "On ancient solar-type stars" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2660. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Chiti, Anirudh et al. (2025). "A second-generation star in a relic dwarf galaxy". Astrophysics of Galaxies. doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02802-z. 



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