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List of potentially habitable exoplanets

Topic: Astronomy

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 15 min
Short description: Overview of potentially habitable terrestrial exoplanets

This is a list of potentially habitable exoplanets. The list is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog (HEC), and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HEC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1] There is also a speculative list being developed of superhabitable planets.

Surface planetary habitability is thought to require to orbit at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.[2]

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

This is a list of exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are under 10 Earth masses and smaller than 2.5 Earth radii, and thus have a chance of being rocky.[3][1] Note that inclusion on this list does not guarantee habitability, and in particular the larger planets are unlikely to have a rocky composition.[4] Earth is included for comparison.

Note that mass and radius values prefixed with "~" have not been measured, but are estimated from a mass-radius relationship.

Object Star Star type Mass (M⊕) Radius (R⊕) Density (g/cm3) Flux (F⊕) Teq (K) Period (days) Distance (ly) Refs/Notes
Earth Sun Template:StarG 1.00 1.00 5.514 1.00 255 365.25 0 Reported for reference. Only planet known to support life.[3]
Teegarden's Star b Teegarden's Star Template:StarM ≥1.05 ~1.02 — 1.15 264 4.91 12.5 Radius is estimated[5][6]
TOI-700 d TOI-700 Template:StarM ~1.72 1.14 — 0.87 246 37.4 101
Kepler-1649c Kepler-1649 Template:StarM ~1.20 1.06 — 0.75 237 19.5 301 [7]
TRAPPIST-1d TRAPPIST-1 Template:StarM 0.39 0.78 3.39 1.12 258 4.05 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
Luyten b Luyten's Star Template:StarM ≥2.89 ~1.35 — 1.06 258 18.65 12.3 [10]
LP 890-9 c LP 890-9 Template:StarM — 1.37 — 0.91 272 8.46 105 [11]
K2-72e K2-72 Template:StarM ~2.21 1.29 — 1.30 261 24.2 217 [12]
GJ 1061 d GJ 1061 Template:StarM ≥1.64 ~1.16 — 0.69 218 13.0 12
GJ 1002 b GJ 1002 Template:StarM ≥1.08 ~1.03 — 0.67 231 10.3 15.8 [13]
GJ 1061 c GJ 1061 Template:StarM ≥1.74 ~1.18 — 1.45 275 6.7 12
Kepler-296e Kepler-296 Template:StarK ~2.96 1.52 — 1.00 276 34.1 737 [1][14]
Wolf 1069 b Wolf 1069 Template:StarM ≥1.26 ~1.08 — 0.65 250 15.6 31.2 [15]
TRAPPIST-1e TRAPPIST-1 Template:StarM 0.69 0.92 5.65 0.65 230 6.1 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
Proxima Centauri b Proxima Centauri Template:StarM ≥1.27 ~1.30 — 0.70 228 11.186 4.25 Affected by solar flare, possibly affected by high radiation[16]
Kepler-442b Kepler-442 Template:StarK ~2.36 1.35 — 0.70 233 112.3 1193 [1]
Kepler-62f Kepler-62 Template:StarK ~2.8 1.41 — 0.41 204 267.3 981 [1][17]
TRAPPIST-1f TRAPPIST-1 Template:StarM 1.04 1.04 3.3 ± 0.9 0.37 200 9.2 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
Teegarden's Star c Teegarden's Star Template:StarM ≥1.11 ~1.04 — 0.37 199 11.4 12.5 [5]
Kepler-1229b Kepler-1229 Template:StarM ~2.54 1.40 — 0.32 213 86.8 865 [1]
Kepler-186f Kepler-186 Template:StarM ~1.71 1.17 — 0.29 188 129.9 579 [1]
TRAPPIST-1g TRAPPIST-1 Template:StarM 1.32 1.13 4.186 0.25 182 12.4 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
GJ 1002 c GJ 1002 Template:StarM ≥1.36 1.1 — 0.26 182 21.2 15.8 [13][18]
Kepler-452b Kepler-452 Template:StarG ~5 1.63 — 1.11 261 384.8 1799 Not confirmed[1][19][20][21][22]
Kepler-62e Kepler-62 Template:StarK ~4.5 1.61 — 1.15 264 122.4 981 [1][23]
Kepler-1652b Kepler-1652 Template:StarM — 1.60 — 0.84 244 38.1 822
Wolf 1061c Wolf 1061 Template:StarM ≥3.41 ~1.60 — 1.30 271 17.9 13.8 [1]
Kepler-1410b Kepler-1410 Template:StarK — 1.78 — 1.07 274 60.9 1196
Gliese 667 Cc Gliese 667 C Template:StarM ≥3.81 ~1.54 — 0.88 277 28.1 23.62 [24][1]
Kepler-1544 b Kepler-1544 Template:StarK — 1.78 — 0.84 248 168.8 1092 [1]
Kepler-283c Kepler-283 Template:StarK — 1.82 — 0.89 248 92.7 1526 [1]
Ross 508 b Ross 508 Template:StarM ≥4.00 — — 1.32 10.8 37 [25]
Kepler-1638b Kepler-1638 Template:StarG — 1.87 — 1.39 276 259.3 4973 [26]
Ross 128 b Ross 128 Template:StarM ≥1.40 ~1.80 — 1.48 280 9.87 11.0 [27]
Kepler-440b Kepler-440 Template:StarK — 1.91 — 1.44 273 101.1 981 [1]
Gliese 433 d Gliese 433 Template:StarM ≥5.22 — — 1.06 36.1 29.6 [1]
Kepler-1653b Kepler-1653 Template:StarK — 2.17 — 1.04 258 140.3 2461
Kepler-705b Kepler-705 Template:StarM — 2.11 — 0.77 243 56.1 903
K2-332b K2-332 Template:StarM — 2.20 — 1.17 17.7 402 [1]
Kepler-155c Kepler-155 Template:StarM — 2.24 — 1.05 52.7 957 [1]
TOI-2257 b TOI-2257 Template:StarM — 2.20 — 0.74 35.2 188 Highly eccentric[1][28]
Kepler-443b Kepler-443 Template:StarK — 2.35 — 0.89 247 177.7 2615 [1]
Kepler-22b Kepler-22 Template:StarG — 2.38 — 1.10 261 289.9 635 [1][29]
Kepler-1701b Kepler-1701 Template:StarK — 2.22 — 1.42 275 169.1 1904 [1][30]
Kepler-1606b Kepler-1606 Template:StarG — 2.07 — 1.64 277 196.4 2710 [31]
K2-9b K2-9 Template:StarM — 2.25 — 1.45 279 18.4 270 [1][32]
Gliese 180 c Gliese 180 Template:StarM ≥6.40 — — 0.78 239 24.3 39 Not confirmed[1][33]
Gliese 163 c Gliese 163 Template:StarM ≥6.80 — — 1.25 277 25.6 49 [1]
Kepler-1540b Kepler-1540 Template:StarK — 2.49 — 0.78 250 125.4 799
Kepler-174d Kepler-174 Template:StarK — 2.19 — 0.59 206 247.4 1254 [1]
HD 40307 g HD 40307 Template:StarK ≥7.09 — — 0.67 226 197.8 42 Not confirmed[1][34]
Kepler-296f Kepler-296 Template:StarK — 1.80 — 0.44 225 63.3 737 [1][35]
HIP 38594 b HIP 38594 Template:StarM ≥8.10 — — 1.34 60.7 58 [1]
K2-288Bb K2-288 B Template:StarM — 1.91 — 0.44 207 31.4 214
HD 216520 c HD 216520 Template:StarK ≥9.44 — — 1.28 154.4 64 [1]
GJ 3293 d GJ 3293 Template:StarM ≥7.60 — — 0.59 223 48.1 66 [1]
LHS 1140 b LHS 1140 Template:StarM 5.60 1.73 5.9±0.3 0.43 226 24.7 49 Likely ocean world or dense mini-Neptune[36]
Gliese 357 d Gliese 357 Template:StarM ≥6.10 — — 0.38 200 55.7 31
Gliese 229 Ac Gliese 229 A Template:StarM ≥8.57 — — 0.44 216 121.9 18.8
Gliese 514 b Gliese 514 Template:StarM ≥5.20 — — 0.27 202 140.4 25 Highly eccentric[37]
Gliese 180 d Gliese 180 Template:StarM ≥7.56 — — 0.26 106.3 39 [1]
Gliese 625 b Gliese 625 Template:StarM ≥2.82 — — 14.628 21.1 Only in HZ if very optimistic models used[38][39][40]
L 98-59 f L 98-59 Template:StarM ≥2.46 — — >1 ~280 23.15 34.6 Unconfirmed candidate[41]
Kepler-235e Kepler-235 Template:StarK — ~2 — ~1.32 ~277 46.18 ~1396 Likely non-rocky, may or may not be in HZ depending on data source[26][42][43]

Previous candidates

Some exoplanet candidates detected by radial velocity that were originally thought to be potentially habitable were later found to most likely be artifacts of stellar activity. These include Gliese 581 d & g,[44][45][46] Gliese 667 Ce & f,[24][47] Gliese 682 b & c,[33] Kapteyn b,[48][49] and Gliese 832 c.[50]

HD 85512 b was initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[51][52] but updated models for the boundaries of the habitable zone placed the planet interior to the HZ,[53][54] and it is now considered non-habitable.[1] Kepler-69c has gone through a similar process; though initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[55] it was quickly realized that the planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[56] and is thus no longer considered habitable.[1] Several other planets, such as Gliese 180 b, also appear to be examples of planets once considered potentially habitable but later found to be interior to the habitable zone.[1]

Similarly, Tau Ceti e and f were initially both considered potentially habitable,[57] but with improved models of the circumstellar habitable zone, as of 2022 PHL does not consider either planet potentially habitable.[1][failed verification] Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.[1]

K2-3d and K2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and the latter remains listed in the HEC,[1] but recent studies have shown them to be gaseous sub-Neptunes and thus unlikely to be habitable.[58][59][60][61][62][63]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive by NASA in 2015.[64] Several other KOIs, like Kepler-577b and Kepler-1649b, were considered potentially habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 "The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog. 
  2. ↑ Lammer, H. et al. (2009). "What makes a planet habitable?". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 17 (2): 181–249. doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z. Bibcode: 2009A&ARv..17..181L. http://veilnebula.jorgejohnson.me/uploads/3/5/8/7/3587678/lammer_et_al_2009_astron_astro_rev-4.pdf. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Méndez, A.; González-Espada, W. (2016). Searching for Habitable Worlds: An Introduction. IOP Concise Physics. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-68174-401-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=bD9iDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1. Retrieved 28 November 2019. 
  4. ↑ Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2017). "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds". The Astrophysical Journal 834 (1): 17. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...834...17C. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Caballero, J. A. et al. (12 June 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 627: A49. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935460. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2019A&A...627A..49Z. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/forth/aa35460-19.pdf. 
  6. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7423/teegardens-star-b/. 
  7. ↑ "Earth-Size, Habitable Zone Planet Found Hidden in Early NASA Kepler Data". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1637/earth-size-habitable-zone-planet-found-hidden-in-early-nasa-kepler-data/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Delrez, Laetitia et al. (9 January 2018). "Early 2017 observations of TRAPPIST-1 with Spitzer". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 475 (3): 3577–3597. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty051. Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.475.3577D. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Grimm, Simon L. et al. (5 February 2018). "The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 613: A68. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732233. Bibcode: 2018A&A...613A..68G. 
  10. ↑ Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Forveille, Thierry; Bonfils, Xavier; Ségransan, Damien; Bouchy, François; Delfosse, Xavier et al. (2017). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XLI. A dozen planets around the M dwarfs GJ 3138, GJ 3323, GJ 273, GJ 628, and GJ 3293". Astronomy and Astrophysics 602: A88. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630153. Bibcode: 2017A&A...602A..88A. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/06/aa30153-16/aa30153-16.html. 
  11. ↑ Delrez, L. et al. (September 2022). "Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics 667: A59. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244041. Bibcode: 2022A&A...667A..59D. 
  12. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/3343/k2-72-e/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Suárez Mascareño, A. et al. (November 2022). "Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ 1002". Astronomy & Astrophysics 670: A5. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244991. 
  14. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296e". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-296%20e&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  15. ↑ Kossakowski, D. et al. (January 2023). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star". Astronomy & Astrophysics 670: A84. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245322. Bibcode: 2023A&A...670A..84K. 
  16. ↑ Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature 536 (7617): 437–440. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. Bibcode: 2016Natur.536..437A. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19106. 
  17. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62f". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-62%20f&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  18. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog" (in en). https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/8721/gj-1002-c/. 
  19. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-452 b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-452%20b&type=CONFIRMED%5fPLANET. 
  20. ↑ "Targets of Note: Kepler-452 b". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/kepler452b.html. 
  21. ↑ Mullally, Fergal; Thompson, Susan E.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Burke, Christopher J.; Rowe, Jason F. (2018). "Kepler's Earth-like Planets Should Not be Confirmed without Independent Detection: The Case of Kepler-452b". The Astronomical Journal 155 (5): 210. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabae3. Bibcode: 2018AJ....155..210M. 
  22. ↑ Burke, Christopher J.; Mullally, F.; Thompson, Susan E.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Rowe, Jason F. (2019). "Re-evaluating Small Long-period Confirmed Planets from Kepler". The Astronomical Journal 157 (4): 143. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aafb79. Bibcode: 2019AJ....157..143B. 
  23. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62e". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-62%20e&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Feroz, F.; Hobson, M. P. (2014). "Bayesian analysis of radial velocity data of GJ667C with correlated noise: evidence for only two planets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 437 (4): 3540–3549. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2148. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.437.3540F. 
  25. ↑ Harakawa, Hiroki et al. (2022). "A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 74 (4): 904–922. doi:10.1093/pasj/psac044. Bibcode: 2022PASJ...74..904H. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Torres, Guillermo et al. (2017). "Validation of Small Kepler Transiting Planet Candidates in or near the Habitable Zone". The Astronomical Journal 154 (6): 264. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa984b. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..264T. 
  27. ↑ Wenz, John (15 November 2017). "A potentially habitable planet has been discovered just 11 light-years away". Astronomy. http://www2.astronomy.com/news/2017/11/a-potentially-habitable-planet-11-light-years-away. 
  28. ↑ Schanche, N. et al. (2022). "TOI-2257 b: A highly eccentric long-period sub-Neptune transiting a nearby M dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics 657: A45. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142280. Bibcode: 2022A&A...657A..45S. 
  29. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-22 b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-22%20b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  30. ↑ "Exoplanet catalog-Exoplanet exploration-Kepler-1701b". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7742/kepler-1701-b/. 
  31. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog-Exoplanet exploration-Kepler-1606b". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/2252/kepler-1606-b/. 
  32. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-9b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=K2-9%20b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Feng, Fabo et al. (8 January 2020). "Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. Detection of Five New Planets, Eight Planet Candidates, and Confirmation of Three Planets around Nine Nearby M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 246 (1): 11. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab5e7c. Bibcode: 2020ApJS..246...11F. 
  34. ↑ Díaz, Rodrigo F. et al. (2016). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 585: A134. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526729. Bibcode: 2016A&A...585A.134D. 
  35. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296 f". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-296%20f&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  36. ↑ Cadieux, Charles et al. (October 2023). "New Mass and Radius Constraints on the LHS 1140 Planets -- LHS 1140 b is Either a Temperate Mini-Neptune or a Water World". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 
  37. ↑ Damasso, M. et al. (2022), "A quarter century of spectroscopic monitoring of the nearby M dwarf Gl 514", Astronomy & Astrophysics 666: A187, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243522 
  38. ↑ Suárez Mascareño, A. et al. (2017). "HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A super-Earth on the inner edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M dwarf GJ 625". Astronomy and Astrophysics 605: A92. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730957. Bibcode: 2017A&A...605A..92S. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/09/aa30957-17/aa30957-17.html. 
  39. ↑ LePage, Andrew (22 May 2017). "Habitable Planet Reality Check: Is GJ 625b a Super-Earth or a Super-Venus?". https://www.drewexmachina.com/2017/05/22/habitable-planet-reality-check-is-gj-625b-a-super-earth-or-a-super-venus/. 
  40. ↑ "GJ 625". http://hzgallery.org/3417_2.png. 
  41. ↑ "Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System" (in en). https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2112b/. 
  42. ↑ "Kepler-235 Overview". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/Kepler-235%20e. 
  43. ↑ "Kepler-235". http://hzgallery.org/3417_2.png. 
  44. ↑ Robertson, Paul; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Endl, Michael; Roy, Arpita (3 July 2014). "Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581". Science 345 (6195): 440–444. doi:10.1126/science.1253253. PMID 24993348. Bibcode: 2014Sci...345..440R. 
  45. ↑ Hatzes, A. P. (2016). "Periodic Hαvariations in GL 581: Further evidence for an activity origin to GL 581d". Astronomy & Astrophysics 585: A144. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527135. Bibcode: 2016A&A...585A.144H. 
  46. ↑ Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E.; Delgado, Victor Ramirez; Harrell, Justin; Haley, Charlotte L. (2022). "Magnitude-squared Coherence: A Powerful Tool for Disentangling Doppler Planet Discoveries from Stellar Activity". The Astronomical Journal 163 (4): 169. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac52ed. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163..169D. 
  47. ↑ Robertson, Paul; Mahadevan, Suvrath (October 2014). "Disentangling Planets and Stellar Activity for Gliese 667C". The Astrophysical Journal 793 (2): L24. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/2/L24. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...793L..24R. 
  48. ↑ Robertson, Paul (11 May 2015). "Stellar activity mimics a habitable-zone planet around Kapteyn's star". The Astrophysical Journal 805 (2): L22. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/805/2/L22. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...805L..22R. 
  49. ↑ Bortle, Anna et al. (2021). "A Gaussian Process Regression Reveals No Evidence for Planets Orbiting Kapteyn's Star". The Astronomical Journal 161 (5): 230. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abec89. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..230B. 
  50. ↑ Gorrini, P. et al. (2022). "Detailed stellar activity analysis and modelling of GJ 832". Astronomy & Astrophysics 664: A64. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243063. 
  51. ↑ Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). "A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?". arXiv:1108.3561 [astro-ph.EP].
  52. ↑ Mendez, Abel (1 August 2012). "Five Potential Habitable Exoplanets Now" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  53. ↑ Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar et al. (2013). "Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates". The Astrophysical Journal 765 (2): 131. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/131. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...765..131K. 
  54. ↑ Mendez, Abel (29 January 2013). "A New Habitable Zone" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  55. ↑ Barclay, Thomas (2013). "A super-Earth-sized planet orbiting in or near the habitable zone around Sun-like star". The Astrophysical Journal 768 (2): 101. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/101. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..101B. 
  56. ↑ Kane, Stephen R. et al. (2013). "A Potential Super-Venus in the Kepler-69 System". The Astrophysical Journal 770 (2): L20. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/770/2/L20. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...770L..20K. 
  57. ↑ Mendez, Abel (28 December 2012). "Two Nearby Habitable Worlds?" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  58. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-3d". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=K2-3%20d&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  59. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-18 b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=K2-18%20b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET. 
  60. ↑ Garner, Rob (2019-09-11). "Hubble Finds Water Vapor on Habitable-Zone Exoplanet for 1st Time". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-hubble-finds-water-vapor-on-habitable-zone-exoplanet-for-1st-time. 
  61. ↑ Damasso, Mario et al. (2018). "Eyes on K2-3: A system of three likely sub-Neptunes characterized with HARPS-N and HARPS". Astronomy and Astrophysics 615: A69. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732459. Bibcode: 2018A&A...615A..69D. 
  62. ↑ Kosiarek, Molly R. et al. (2019). "Bright Opportunities for Atmospheric Characterization of Small Planets: Masses and Radii of K2-3 b, c, and d and GJ3470 b from Radial Velocity Measurements and Spitzer Transits". The Astronomical Journal 157 (3): 97. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf79c. Bibcode: 2019AJ....157...97K. 
  63. ↑ Benneke, Björn et al. (2019). "Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b". The Astrophysical Journal 887 (1): L14. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab59dc. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...887L..14B. 
  64. ↑ "Kepler Candidate Overview Page: KOI-1686.01". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=KOI-1686.01. 



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