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List of smallest exoplanets

Topic: Astronomy

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A size comparison of the planets in the Kepler-37 system and objects in the Solar System

Below is a list of the smallest exoplanets so far discovered, in terms of physical size, ordered by radius. Some of these are unconfirmed and/or controversial.

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

The sizes are listed in units of Earth radii (R⊕). All planets listed are smaller than Earth, up to 0.7 Earth radii. The NASA Exoplanet Archive is used as the main data source.[1][2]

Exoplanet Radius (R⊕) Notes and references
SDSS J1228+1040 b
(SDSS J122859.92+104033.0 b, WD 1226+110 b) 		0.0101+0.0504−0.0085[3][4] Extrasolar planetesimal. Likely a remnant iron core. Radius is in the range of 1.2 – 120 km.[3]
PSR B1828-11 b 0.016 Unconfirmed, controversial[1]
Ceres 0.0742 Shown for comparison
WD 1145+017 b ~0.15 Extrasolar planetesimal.[5]
Pluto 0.1863 Shown for comparison
Moon 0.2725 Shown for comparison
Kepler-37b 0.3098+0.0059
−0.0076 		Smallest known exoplanet.[6][7]
PSR B1257+12 b (Draugr) ~0.338 Least massive known exoplanet, at 0.02 Earth masses. Radius estimated from mass-radius relationship.[8]
Kepler-1520b ≲0.36 Disintegrating planets with poorly known radii, all thought to be smaller than Mercury.[9][10]
KOI-2700b
K2-22b
Kepler-37e 0.37±0.18 Dubious[11]
Mercury 0.3826 Shown for comparison
Kepler-444b 0.403+0.016
−0.014 		[12]
Kepler-102b 0.460±0.026 [7]
Kepler-444c 0.497+0.021
−0.017 		[12]
Kepler-1971b (KOI-4777.01) 0.51±0.03 [13]
Kepler-1994b 0.51+0.06
−0.05 		[14]
Kepler-1308b 0.52+0.06
−0.05
Kepler-444d 0.530+0.022
−0.019 		[12]
Mars 0.5325 Shown for comparison
Kepler-62c 0.54±0.03
Kepler-444e 0.546+0.017
−0.015 		[12]
Kepler-102c 0.567±0.028 [7]
Kepler-42d 0.57±0.18
Kepler-1583b 0.60+0.09
−0.05
Kepler-1998b 0.6+0.08
−0.04 		[15]
Kepler-1087b 0.61+0.17
−0.05
K2-89b 0.615±0.080
Kepler-1877b 0.624
K2-137b 0.64±0.10
Kepler-1371c 0.64+0.07
−0.05
Kepler-138b 0.64±0.02 [16]
Kepler-1130d 0.645
Kepler-1351b 0.65+0.05
−0.04
Kepler-1542c 0.65+0.09
−0.06
Kepler-271d 0.66±0.05
Kepler-431c 0.668
Kepler-1558b 0.68+0.06
−0.04
K2-116b 0.69±0.04
Kepler-141b 0.69±0.05
K2-297b (EPIC 201497682 b) 0.692+0.059
−0.048
LHS 1678 b 0.696±0.044
Gliese 367 b (Tahay) 0.699±0.024 Smallest known exoplanet within 10 parsecs.[17]
Kepler-1349b 0.700+0.630
−0.110
Kepler-378c 0.70±0.05

TESS candidates

Below shows a list of TESS candidates below 0.7 R⊕ that have yet to be confirmed.

TESS object of interest Radius (R⊕) Notes and references
TOI-4307.02 0.587936684757796±0.16721696[18]
TOI-486.01 0.633718±0.0589259[18]

Kepler candidates

Below shows a list of Kepler candidates below 0.7 R⊕ that have yet to be confirmed.

Kepler object of interest Radius (R⊕) Notes and references
KOI-4582.01 0.35[19]
KOI-2298.03 0.36[19]
KOI-2169.04 0.37[19]
KOI-7174.01 0.37[19]
KOI-8012.01 0.42[19]
KOI-6860.01 0.43[19]
KOI-2059.02 0.44[19]
KOI-304.02 0.46[19]
KOI-7793.01 0.46[19]
KOI-2678.02 0.48[19]
KOI-6631.01 0.48[19]
KOI-2421.02 0.48[19]
KOI-5974.01 0.49[19]
KOI-3444.03 0.5[19]
KOI-2295.01 0.52[19]
KOI-7863.01 0.52[19]
KOI-2612.02 0.53[19]
KOI-4657.01 0.54[19]
KOI-8257.01 0.54[19]
KOI-115.03 (Kepler-105d) 0.55+0.08
−0.07 		[20]
KOI-2421.01 0.55[19]
KOI-4097.02 0.55[19]
KOI-7645.01 0.55[19]
KOI-3208.01 0.56[19]
KOI-6763.01 0.56[19]
KOI-2859.03 0.57[19]
KOI-4146.02 0.57[19]
KOI-2859.04 0.57[19]
KOI-7873.01 0.57[19]
KOI-2657.01 0.58[19]
KOI-8277.01 0.58[19]
KOI-4296.01 0.59[19]
KOI-3196.01 0.59[19]
KOI-5692.01 0.59[19]
KOI-1964.01 0.6[19]
KOI-4407.01 0.6[19]
KOI-4871.01 0.6[19]
KOI-5211.01 0.6[19]
KOI-7888.01 0.6[19]
KOI-3184.03 0.6[19]
KOI-8183.01 0.6[19]
KOI-3083.02 0.61[19]
KOI-4421.01 0.61[19]
KOI-4716.01 0.61[19]
KOI-3102.01 0.61[19]
KOI-7032.01 0.61[19]
KOI-1843.03 0.61+0.12
−0.08 		[21]
KOI-1499.02 0.62[19]
KOI-605.02 0.62[19]
KOI-7676.01 0.62[19]
KOI-4849.01 0.62[19]
KOI-365.02 0.62[19]
KOI-7116.01 0.62[19]
KOI-4421.02 0.62[19]
KOI-7949.01 0.62[19]
KOI-2029.04 0.63[19]
KOI-6889.01 0.63[19]
KOI-2636.02 0.63[19]
KOI-3248.01 0.64[19]
KOI-5213.01 0.64[19]
KOI-6276.01 0.64[19]
KOI-7617.01 0.64[19]
KOI-7903.01 0.64[19]
KOI-7925.01 0.64[19]
KOI-8174.01 0.64[19]
KOI-3083.03 0.65[19]
KOI-4875.01 0.65[19]
KOI-4808.01 0.65[19]
KOI-6568.01 0.65[19]
KOI-1619.01 0.66[19]
KOI-3111.02 0.66[19]
KOI-2859.05 0.66[19]
KOI-3017.01 0.67[19]
KOI-4907.01 0.67[19]
KOI-1616.02 0.67[19]
KOI-6299.01 0.67[19]
KOI-8211.01 0.67[19]
KOI-2593.02 0.68[19]
KOI-4605.01 0.68[19]
KOI-7832.01 0.68[19]
KOI-7483.01 0.68[19]
KOI-2623.02 0.68[19]
KOI-7924.01 0.68[19]
KOI-7628.01 0.69[19]
KOI-4129.01 0.69[19]
KOI-4822.01 0.69[19]
KOI-6600.01 0.69[19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Staff (10 July 2017). "Exoplanet Catalog". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/. Retrieved 10 July 2017. 
  2. ↑ "Planetary Systems Composite Data". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PSCompPars. Retrieved 16 July 2023. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Manser, Christopher J. (5 April 2019). "A planetesimal orbiting within the debris disc around a white dwarf star". Science 364 (6435): 66–69. doi:10.1126/science.aat5330. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30948547. Bibcode: 2019Sci...364...66M. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat5330. 
  4. ↑ "Planet SDSS J1228+1040 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/sdss_j1228_1040_b--7079/. 
  5. ↑ Vanderburg, Andrew; John Asher Johnson; Rappaport, Saul; Bieryla, Allyson; Irwin, Jonathan; John Arban Lewis; Kipping, David; Brown, Warren R. et al. (2015). "A disintegrating minor planet transiting a white dwarf". Nature 526 (7574): 546–549. doi:10.1038/nature15527. PMID 26490620. Bibcode: 2015Natur.526..546V. 
  6. ↑ Simukoff, E. et al. (2013). "Below One Earth Mass: The Detection, Formation, and Properties of Subterrestrial Worlds". Space Science Reviews 180 (1–4): 71. doi:10.1007/s11214-013-0019-1. Bibcode: 2013SSRv..180...71S. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Bonomo, A. S. et al. (April 2023). "Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small-planet systems from 3661 high-precision HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small-planet systems". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346211. 
  8. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7134/psr-b125712-b/. 
  9. ↑ Ansdell, M.; Hirano, T.; Gaidos, E. (2019). "Monitoring of the D doublet of neutral sodium during transits of two 'evaporating' planets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 485 (3): 3876–3886. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz693. "[...]the radii are not known but are thought to be smaller than Mercury (0.36R⊕).". 
  10. ↑ Garai, Z. (2018). "Light-curve analysis of KOI 2700b: The second extrasolar planet with a comet-like tail". Astronomy & Astrophysics 611: A63. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629676. Bibcode: 2018A&A...611A..63G. "We confirmed the disintegrating-planet scenario of KOI 2700b.". 
  11. ↑ Rajpaul, V. M.; Buchhave, L. A.; Lacedelli, G.; Rice, K.; Mortier, A.; Malavolta, L.; Aigrain, S.; Borsato, L. et al. (2021), "A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d: A case study in disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507 (2): 1847–1868, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2192 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Campante, T. et al. (2015). "KOI-3158: The oldest known system of terrestrial-size planets". EPJ Web of Conferences 101: 02004. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201510102004. Bibcode: 2015EPJWC.10102004C. 
  13. ↑ Cañas, Caleb I.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Cochran, William D.; Bender, Chad F.; Feigelson, Eric D.; Harman, C. E.; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar; Caceres, Gabriel A. et al. (2022). "A Hot Mars-sized Exoplanet Transiting an M Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal 163 (1): 3. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac3088. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163....3C. 
  14. ↑ "Kepler-1994". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/Kepler-1994%20b. Retrieved 16 June 2023. 
  15. ↑ "Kepler-1998". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/Kepler-1998%20b. Retrieved 16 June 2023. 
  16. ↑ Piaulet, Caroline et al. (15 December 2022). "Evidence for the volatile-rich composition of a 1.5-Earth-radius planet". Nature Astronomy 7: 206. doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01835-4. Bibcode: 2023NatAs...7..206P. 
  17. ↑ Goffo, Elisa et al. (July 2023). "Company for the ultra-high density, ultra-short period sub-Earth GJ 367 b: discovery of two additional low-mass planets at 11.5 and 34 days". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 955: L3. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace0c7. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "NASA Exoplanet Archive". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=TOI. Retrieved 16 June 2023. 
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.30 19.31 19.32 19.33 19.34 19.35 19.36 19.37 19.38 19.39 19.40 19.41 19.42 19.43 19.44 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.50 19.51 19.52 19.53 19.54 19.55 19.56 19.57 19.58 19.59 19.60 19.61 19.62 19.63 19.64 19.65 19.66 19.67 19.68 19.69 19.70 19.71 19.72 19.73 19.74 19.75 19.76 19.77 19.78 19.79 19.80 19.81 19.82 19.83 19.84 "NASA Exoplanet Archive". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=cumulative. Retrieved 16 June 2023. 
  20. ↑ "Kepler-105". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/KOI-115. Retrieved 12 December 2021. 
  21. ↑ Price, Ellen M.; Rogers, Leslie A. (May 2020). "Tidally Distorted, Iron-enhanced Exoplanets Closely Orbiting Their Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 894 (1): 8. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7c67. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...894....8P. 



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