Bias
From HandWiki - Reading time: 1 min
A physical quantity 
is measured using the estimator S, which is a function of the elements 
of a sample, 
. The difference between the expectation value of the estimator, E(S), and the true value of the physical quantity is the bias of the estimator: 
. The estimator is unbiased if 
. For the relation between bias and variance of an estimator, see Bishop95.
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