List of introduced bird species

From HandWiki - Reading time: 27 min

Short description: none

This list of introduced bird species includes all the species of bird introduced to an area without regard to that territory being or not being their native area of occupation or the success of that re-introduction or introduction to the area. This practice has been harmful in many areas, although some introductions are made with the aim of preserving bird species. Following the name of the bird, a brief description of where they were introduced is included.

Struthioniformes

Struthionidae

  • Ostrich, successfully introduced to Australia,[1] and possibly introduced to New Mexico (captive only) and Israel

Casuariformes

Casuariidae

  • Emu, successfully introduced to Kangaroo Island, South Australia, Tasmania and possibly introduced to Texas

Rheiformes

Rheidae

Apterygiformes

Apterygidae

Tinamiformes

Tinamidae

Anseriformes

Anatidae

  • Trumpeter swan, re-introduced successfully to areas of the United States and Canada
  • Mute swan, introduced successfully to North America, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa , United Arab Emirates and Japan[2] introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Black swan, successfully introduced to the Netherlands, United Arab Emirates and Japan; unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti and Hawaiian Islands
  • Swan goose, a domesticated breed that can become feral, but which has difficulty in becoming established. Feral populations known in Europe[3] possibly unsuccessfully introduced to Hawaii
  • Spur-winged goose, unsuccessfully introduced to Western Australia
  • Cape Barren goose, introduced unsuccessfully to New Zealand; re-introduced successfully to King Island in Bass Strait
  • Snow goose, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Emperor goose, successfully introduced to England[4]
  • Bar-headed goose, successfully to Canada and much of Europe[5]
  • Greylag goose, successfully introduced to England and Falkland Islands (is a native rare-breeder in northern Scotland); successfully introduced to New Zealand.[6] Possibly successfully introduced ferally in Colombia and elsewhere in the Andes
  • Canada goose, successfully introduced to Great Britain, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Japan,[7] and New Zealand; successfully re-introduced to some areas of the United States and Canada; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and Western Australia
  • Barnacle goose, successfully introduced to southern England[8]
  • Hawaiian goose, re-introduced successfully to Hawaii and Maui in the Hawaiian Islands; possibly introduced unsuccessfully to New Zealand
  • Magellan goose, unsuccessfully introduced to South Georgia Island
  • Australian wood duck, possibly introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands and New Zealand
  • Black-bellied whistling duck, unsuccessfully introduced to Cuba and Jamaica
  • White-faced whistling duck, possibly introduced successfully in Costa Rica; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius
  • Egyptian goose, successfully introduced to eastern England and Israel. occasionally feral in Europe; introduced unsuccessfully to New Zealand, Australia, and the United States
  • Muscovy duck, feral in many parts of the world; introduced successfully to areas of the United States and Britain; introduced unsuccessfully to Adams Island, New Zealand
  • Mallard, successfully introduced to the eastern United States, Bermuda, Australia, New Zealand, the Falkland Islands, Macquarie Island, Colombia, South Africa,[9] possibly the Falkland Islands and Kerguelen; introduced successfully to the Hawaiian Islands though also a vagrant,[10] introduced unsuccessfully to Tahiti
  • Hawaiian duck, re-introduced successfully to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Meller's duck, possibly successfully introduced to Mauritius; unsuccessfully introduced to Réunion
  • Blue-winged teal, possibly introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Northern pintail, successfully introduced to Île Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean; unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Eurasian wigeon, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Gadwall, possibly unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Mandarin duck, successfully introduced to England, Europe and the United States,[11] unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, New Zealand and Tahiti
  • Red-crested pochard, successfully introduced to England[12]
  • Pochard, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Tufted duck, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand; occasionally feral in the United States
  • Ruddy duck, successfully introduced to Great Britain, and range has since expanded into Europe and North Africa[13]

Galliformes

Megapodidae

  • Malleefowl, possibly introduced successfully to parts of Queensland, unsuccessfully introduced to Kangaroo Island and Rottnest Island, Australia
  • Australian brushturkey, introduced unsuccessfully to Kangaroo Island and Dunk Island in Australia

Cracidae

  • Plain chachalaca, successfully introduced to Sapelo Island and possibly Blackbeard Island, Georgia, US
  • Black curassow, possibly introduced unsuccessfully to Haiti and New Zealand
  • Great curassow, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, Haiti, the United States, Panama
  • Crested guan, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Rufous-vented chachalaca, possibly introduced (possibly colonised) to the Grenadines, Bequia, Union Island and Saint Vincent in the Caribbean
  • Chestnut-winged chachalaca, probably unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands

Tetraonidae

  • Capercaillie, successfully re-introduced to Scotland and possibly to some parts of mainland Europe; unsuccessfully introduced to North America
  • Eurasian black grouse, re-introduced successfully to areas of Great Britain, and possibly Poland and Russia; unsuccessfully introduced to Ireland, North America and New Zealand
  • Willow grouse, possibly re-introduced successfully to Poland; unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Fiji and the United States. Subspecies l.l.scoticus (red grouse) introduced to southern England (Dartmoor, Exmoor, unsuccessfully introduced to Belgium
  • Rock ptarmigan, unsuccessfully introduced to Japan and possibly New Zealand
  • Dusky grouse, introduced (status uncertain) to several islands in the Gulf of Alaska
  • Spruce grouse, possibly successfully introduced to Newfoundland, Kodiak and Woody Island
  • Hazel grouse, unsuccessfully introduced to the United States and possibly Poland
  • Ruffed grouse, successfully introduced to Michigan, Missouri and Nevada, unsuccessfully elsewhere in the United States; successfully introduced to Anticosti Island and Newfoundland in Canada.
  • Greater sage grouse, unsuccessfully re-introduced to New Mexico,[14] unsuccessfully introduced to Montana and British Columbia
  • Sharp-tailed grouse, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and New Zealand
  • Greater prairie chicken, unsuccessfully introduced to areas of the United States, the Hawaiian Islands and New Zealand
  • Lesser prairie chicken, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands

Phasianidae

Odontophoridae

  • Mountain quail, introduced successfully to Vancouver Island in Canada and to some areas of the United States; possibly to the Hawaiian Islands; introduced unsuccessfully to New Zealand
  • Scaled quail, introduced successfully to some areas of the United States, and probably introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands
  • California quail, introduced successfully to New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, Chile , Juan Fernández, Argentina , parts of Canada and the United States, King Island and Norfolk Island in Australia; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, Tasmania, France, Tahiti, and perhaps Fiji, Tonga and South Africa
  • Gambel's quail, introduced successfully in areas of the United States and to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Northern bobwhite, re-introduced successfully to parts of the United States; introduced successfully to Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Bahamas, France, Italy, Japan[20] and New Zealand; introduced successfully but now extirpated to Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Barbados, St Croix, St Kitts, and Bermuda; introduced unsuccessfully to Peru, Canada, the Hawaiian Islands, Ireland, Great Britain, China, and South Africa
  • Crested bobwhite, introduced successfully to the Grenadines and the Virgin Islands
  • Montezuma quail, introduced unsuccessfully to the Hawaiian Islands

Numididae

  • Helmeted guineafowl, introduced successfully to Hispaniola, Cuba, the Isle of Pines, Australia,[21] and probably in Arabia, Madagascar , the Comoros, Mauritius, Agaléga Islands, Annobón, Cape Verde and Barbuda; now extirpated after successful introduction on Rodrigues; possibly successfully introduced to France, New Zealand, Australia and the Hawaiian Islands; unsuccessfully introduced to Ascension Island, the Chagos Archipelago, St Helena, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Gonâve Island, Madeira, and the United States. Has bred ferally in England.

Meleagrididae

  • Wild turkey, successfully re-introduced to areas of the United States and Canada; introduced successfully to the Hawaiian Islands, Mauritius,[citation needed] Germany, New Zealand, and Tasmania; unsuccessfully introduced to Hispaniola and Fiji

Pelecaniformes

Pelecanidae

Phalacrocoracidae

Ciconiiformes

Ardeidae

  • Cattle egret, successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, Chagos Archipelago, Seychelles and possibly Rodrigues Island; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius and Australia, which it has colonised naturally
  • Nankeen night heron, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and Bird Island (Western Australia)
  • Black-crowned night heron, unsuccessfully introduced to Scotland and Norfolk, England (free-flying colonies now subject to control).[22]

Threskiornithidae

  • Scarlet ibis, successfully introduced to Florida,[23] possibly introduced unsuccessfully to Canada
  • Sacred ibis, successfully introduced to France, Taiwan and Florida,[24] feral elsewhere in western Europe.
  • Bald ibis, successfully re-introduced to Turkey, ongoing re-introduction schemes in Austria and Spain to restore species to former range (success as yet unknown)

Phoenicopteridae

Cathartidae

Falconiformes

Accipitridae

  • Griffon vulture, reintroduced into many areas of Europe[25]
  • White-tailed eagle, successfully re-introduced to Scotland, reintroduction programme in Isle Of Wight resulted in successful breeding and fledging of one young bird in southern England in 2023
  • Swamp harrier, successfully introduced to Tahiti
  • Osprey, successfully re-introduced to England (Lake District, Hampshire and Rutland Water), has naturally re-colonised Scotland and Wales.

Falconidae

  • Peregrine falcon, successfully re-introduced in parts of the United States
  • Chimango caracara, successfully introduced to Easter Island

Gruiformes

Rallidae

  • Weka, successfully introduced to Macquarie Island (now extirpated[26]), Chatham Islands and other New Zealand islands
  • Corncrake, unsuccessfully introduced to the United States, currently being re-introduced to the Nene Washes, eastern England (success as yet unknown).
  • Laysan rail, unsuccessfully introduced to several islands in the Hawaiian Islands
  • Common moorhen, successfully introduced to St Helena
  • Gough Island moorhen, re-introduced, possibly successfully, to Tristan da Cunha
  • Purple swamphen, successfully introduced to the United States; unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands and possibly Argentina

Gruidae

  • Demoiselle crane, unsuccessfully introduced to France
  • Brolga, unsuccessfully introduced to Fiji

Charadriiformes

Turnicidae

Laridae

Recurvirostridae

Charadriidae

  • Northern lapwing, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Grey plover, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Eurasian golden plover, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand

Pterocliformes

Pteroclidae

Columbiformes

Columbidae

Psittaciformes

Strigopidae

  • Kakapo, successfully, but tenuously, introduced to several islands off New Zealand

Cacatuidae

  • Gang-gang cockatoo, unsuccessfully introduced to Kangaroo Island
  • Sulphur-crested cockatoo, successfully introduced to New Zealand, Western Australia, Palau, Puerto Rico[29] and in some Indonesian islands; unsuccessfully introduced to Singapore and the Hawaiian Islands
  • Yellow-crested cockatoo, successfully introduced to Singapore and Hong Kong
  • Moluccan cockatoo, possibly introduced to Amboina in the Moluccas; an occasional escapee in the Hawaiian Islands
  • Major Mitchell's cockatoo, unsuccessfully introduced to Fiji
  • Tanimbar corella, possibly introduced successfully to Tual in the Kai Islands, Indonesia and Singapore
  • Galah, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Long-billed corella, successfully introduced to coastal Australia around urban areas; unsuccessfully introduced to the Chagos Archipelago
  • Cockatiel, successfully introduced to Puerto Rico,[30] unsuccessfully introduced to the United States and New Zealand

Psittacidae

Strigiformes

Tytonidae

Strigidae

  • Eurasian eagle-owl, re-introduced to parts of Sweden, possibly successfully introduced (or natural coloniser) to England.
  • Southern boobook, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand (Australian race) and Lord Howe Island
  • Little owl, successfully introduced to England and New Zealand
  • Tawny owl, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand

Apodiformes

Apodidae

Trochilidae

  • Many hummingbirds of unknown species have been introduced to Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, although none are believed to have been successful

Coraciiformes

Alcedinidae

  • Laughing kookaburra, successfully introduced to Western Australia, Kangaroo Island, Flinders Island in Tasmania and New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to Fiji

Passeriformes

Tyrannidae

Menuridae

Alaudidae

  • Mongolian lark, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Wood lark, unsuccessfully introduced to the United States and perhaps to Australia and New Zealand
  • Skylark, successfully introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Tasmania, Kangaroo Island, Lord Howe Island, the Hawaiian Islands and Canada; unsuccessfully introduced to the United States

Pycnonotidae

Cinclidae

Mimidae

  • Northern mockingbird, successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands; unsuccessfully introduced to Bermuda, Barbados, St Helena, Tahiti and the northern United States
  • Tropical mockingbird, possibly successfully introduced to Caucatal in Colombia and Panama; unsuccessfully introduced to Barbados and Nevis

Prunellidae

  • Dunnock, successfully introduced to New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to the United States

Turdidae

  • Western bluebird, unsuccessfully introduced to Tahiti
  • Hermit thrush, unsuccessfully introduced to Australia
  • Blackbird, successfully introduced to Australia, Tasmania, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to South Africa , St Helena, the United States and Fiji
  • Island thrush, successfully introduced to the Cocos-Keeling Islands, now extirpated[44]
  • Song thrush, successfully introduced to Australia, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island and New Zealand; unsuccessfully introduced to South Africa , St Helena and the United States
  • American robin, unsuccessfully introduced to Great Britain, though they are vagrants to Greenland and mainland Europe
  • Red-legged thrush, unsuccessfully introduced to Grand Cayman Island in the West Indies

Sylviidae

Muscicapidae

Timaliidae

Maluridae

  • Superb fairy-wren, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand

Paridae

  • Great tit, successfully introduced to the United States (Illinois and Wisconsin)
  • Varied tit, introduced, perhaps successfully, to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Blue tit, unsuccessfully introduced to Canada and New Zealand

Zosteropidae

Meliphagidae

  • Noisy miner, unsuccessfully introduced to the Solomon Islands,[49] unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand

Dicruridae

Callaeidae

  • Saddleback, introduced and re-introduced successfully to many islands off New Zealand for the preservation of this rare species

Artamidae

  • Australian magpie, successfully introduced to New Zealand, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and possibly to King Island, Flinders Island and Kangaroo Island; unsuccessfully introduced to Sri Lanka and to Rottnest Island
  • Grey currawong, unsuccessfully introduced to Fiji

Paradisaeidae

Corvidae

Sturnidae

Passeridae

  • House sparrow, successfully introduced to the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Argentina , Uruguay, Brazil, Chile , Peru, Ecuador, Easter Island, Falkland Islands, Cuba, Hawaiian Islands, Eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, South Africa , Mozambique, Somalia, Sudan, Zanzibar, Amirantes, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, Chagos Archipelago, Azores, Cape Verde, and colonised from these Mexico, Guatemala, Paraguay, Bermuda, Norfolk Island, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Zambia; probably introduced successfully to the Comoros, the Seychelles, Vanuatu and Kenya; unsuccessfully introduced to Jamaica, the Bahamas, St Helena, Greenland, Western Australia, the Philippines , Papua New Guinea and South Georgia Island
  • Spanish sparrow, introduced (or possibly colonised) to the Canary Islands, Cape Verde and Madeira
  • Tree sparrow, successfully introduced to the Philippines , Mariana Islands, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Pescadores, Australia, the central United States and eastern Malaysia, as well as (possibly) Singapore; unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand and Bermuda

Ploceidae

Estrildidae

Viduidae

Fringillidae

  • Common chaffinch, successfully introduced to New Zealand and South Africa ; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and the United States
  • Brambling, unsuccessfully introduced to Australia and New Zealand
  • Canary, successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands; unsuccessfully introduced to Australia, the United States, Bermuda, New Zealand, England, and Italy, hasn't established to Puerto Rico yet, as well as being frequently feral in other areas
  • Cape canary, successfully introduced to Réunion; unsuccessfully introduced to Mauritius, St Helena and Tahiti
  • White-rumped seedeater, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Yellow-fronted canary, successfully introduced to Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues and the Hawaiian Islands; unsuccessfully introduced to the Amirantes and St Helena
  • Yellow canary, successfully introduced to St Helena and Ascension Island
  • European greenfinch, successfully introduced to Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay and the Azores; unsuccessfully introduced to St Helena and the United States
  • Eurasian siskin, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Australia and the United States
  • American goldfinch, unsuccessfully introduced to Bermuda and Tahiti
  • Lesser goldfinch, unsuccessfully introduced to Cuba
  • European goldfinch, successfully introduced to Cape Verde, Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay, Argentina and Bermuda; the United States [Great Lakes, New York and Southern California], unsuccessfully to Canada and South Africa
  • Lesser redpoll, successfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Twite, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Linnet, unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the United States
  • House finch, successfully introduced to the eastern United States and Hawaiian Islands
  • Parrot crossbill, unsuccessfully introduced to the United States
  • Eurasian bullfinch, unsuccessfully introduced to the New Zealand, Australia and the United States
  • Hawfinch, unsuccessfully introduced to Australia
  • Antillean euphonia, unsuccessfully introduced to Vieques Island in Puerto Rico

Drepanididae

Thraupidae

Emberizidae

Cardinalidae

Icteridae

  • Spot-breasted oriole, successfully introduced to Florida
  • Troupial, successfully introduced to Puerto Rico and St Thomas in the Virgin Islands; unsuccessfully introduced to Jamaica, Trinidad, Antigua, Dominica and Grenada, where all are probably aviary escapees
  • Yellow-hooded blackbird, introduced, perhaps successfully, around Lima in Peru
  • Red-breasted meadowlark, unsuccessfully introduced to Easter Island
  • Long-tailed meadowlark, unsuccessfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Western meadowlark, successfully introduced to the Hawaiian Islands; possibly unsuccessfully introduced to New Zealand
  • Carib grackle, successfully introduced to Antigua and Barbuda, St Kitts and Saint Martin in the Netherlands Antilles, and possibly Tobago
  • Shiny cowbird, its range has extended to Chile , the Caribbean and North America mostly naturally but facilitated through pet trade[69]

See also

References

  1. "Ostriches in Australia - and near my home". 13 September 2007. https://www.trevorsbirding.com/ostriches-in-australia-and-near-my-home/. 
  2. "Cygnus olor / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20010e.html. 
  3. http://www.jenskjeld.info/artikler/Kampe-Persson_2010.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  4. "Emperor Goose, Anser canagica - GB non-native species secretariat". http://www.nonnativespecies.org/factsheet/factsheet.cfm?speciesId=248. 
  5. "Anser indicus (bar-headed goose)". https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/94089. 
  6. "Greylag goose | New Zealand Birds Online". https://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/greylag-goose. 
  7. "Branta canadensis moffitti / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20430e.html. 
  8. Carboneras, Carles; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.bargoo.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bargoo/cur/introduction. 
  9. Drilling, Nancy; Titman, Rodger D.; McKinney, Frank (January 5, 2020). "Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.mallar3.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/mallar3/cur/introduction. 
  10. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/pdfs/01-Anatidae/MALL.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  11. Carboneras, Carles; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.manduc.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/manduc/cur/introduction. 
  12. Carboneras, Carles; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.recpoc.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/recpoc/cur/introduction. 
  13. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22727750/0. 
  14. "Centrocercus minimus, C. urophasianus". https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/bird/cent/all.html. 
  15. Christensen, Glen C. (January 5, 2020). "Himalayan Snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.himsno.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/himsno/cur/introduction. 
  16. McGowan, Philip J. K.; Kirwan, Guy M.; Garcia, Ernest (January 5, 2020). "Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.barpar2.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barpar2/cur/introduction. 
  17. 17.0 17.1 "RLP-Monograph". http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/NonEstablished.htm. 
  18. Giudice, John H.; Ratti, John T. (January 5, 2020). "Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.rinphe.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rinphe/cur/introduction. 
  19. "Common peafowl, Peafowl, Indian peafowl, Blue peafowl / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20400e.html. 
  20. "Colinus virginianus / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20040e.html. 
  21. "Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris) - BirdLife species factsheet". Datazone.birdlife.org. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/helmeted-guineafowl-numida-meleagris/distribution. Retrieved 2022-08-14. 
  22. "Archived copy". http://www.rbbp.org.uk/downloads/rbbp-nn-report-2009-10-11.pdf. 
  23. "Nonnatives - Scarlet Ibis". http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/birds/scarlet-ibis/. 
  24. "Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis)". https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/62201. 
  25. "Gyps fulvus". http://www.globalraptors.org/grin/SpeciesResults.asp?specID=8264. 
  26. "Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels - The successful Macquarie Island Pest Eradication Programme is reviewed by its manager". https://www.acap.aq/news/latest-news/2394-the-successful-macquarie-island-pest-eradication-programme-is-reviewed-by-its-manager. 
  27. "Black-necked Stilt / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20440e.html. 
  28. "Nonnatives - Inca Dove". http://m.myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/birds/inca-dove/. 
  29. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22684781/0. 
  30. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22684828/0. 
  31. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22725310/0. 
  32. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22685566/0. 
  33. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22685563/0. 
  34. "The California Parrot Project". http://www.californiaparrotproject.org/blue_crowned_parakeet.html. 
  35. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22685752/0. 
  36. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22686350/0. 
  37. "The California Parrot Project". http://www.californiaparrotproject.org/blue_fronted_parrot.html. 
  38. "Ring-necked parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20090e.html. 
  39. "Alexandrine parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20080e.html. 
  40. "Red-breasted parakeet, Indian moustached parakeet, Moustached parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20100e.html. 
  41. "Budgerigar / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20060e.html. 
  42. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22685223/0. 
  43. "Red-wiskered bulbul, Red-eared bulbul / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20110e.html. 
  44. "Turdus poliocephalus erythropleurus — Christmas Island Thrush". http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=67122. 
  45. "Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei)". http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/82130. 
  46. "Garrulax cineraceus / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20470e.html. 
  47. "Leiothrix lutea / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20160e.html. 
  48. "Swinhoe's White-eye". 18 August 2020. https://birdfinding.info/swinhoes-white-eye/. 
  49. http://www.conservationleadershipprogramme.org/media/2014/11/000490_1990_Solomon-Island_Birds-of-Manus.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  50. "Pied starling, Asian pied starling / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20330e.html. 
  51. "Acridotheres tristis (common myna)". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CAB International. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/2994. 
  52. "Crested myna, Chinese crested myna, Chinese jungle myna, Tufted myna, Chinese starling / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20370e.html. 
  53. Johnson, Stephen R.; Campbell, R. Wayne (January 5, 2020). "Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.cremyn.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/cremyn/cur/introduction. 
  54. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/103878755/0. 
  55. "Quelea quelea (weaver bird)". http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/66441. 
  56. "Bispo-de-coroa-amarela (Euplectes afer)". http://www.avesdeportugal.info/eupafe.html. 
  57. "Under the Radar | "Non-countable" Exotic Birds in the ABA Area". http://aba.org/birding/v43n5p46.pdf. 
  58. Payne, Robert B.; Bonan, Arnau; Kirwan, Guy M. (January 5, 2020). "Common Waxbill (Estrilda astrild), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.comwax.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comwax/cur/introduction. 
  59. "Archived copy". https://notornis.osnz.org.nz/system/files/Notornis_55_1_8.pdf. 
  60. Payne, Robert B. (January 5, 2020). "Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.nutman.01. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/nutman/cur/introduction. 
  61. "Chestnut mannikin / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20220e.html. 
  62. "White-rumped munia, Striated munia, Striated mannikin, Hodgson's munia, White-backed munia, Sharp-tailed munia, Sharp-tailed mannikin, Bengalese finch / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20230e.html. 
  63. "Nonnatives - Java Sparrow". http://m.myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/birds/java-sparrow/. 
  64. "Tricolored mannikin, Three-coloured mannikin / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20210e.html. 
  65. "Pin-tailed whydah / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20280e.html. 
  66. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22719988/0. 
  67. http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/birds/blue-gray-tanager/ [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  68. "Red-crested cardinal, Brazilian cardinal / Invasive Species of Japan". https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/20170e.html. 
  69. "Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird)". https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/75202. 




Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:List_of_introduced_bird_species
10 views | Status: cached on August 03 2024 17:22:22
↧ Download this article as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF