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List of organisms by chromosome count

Topic: Biology

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 18 min
Short description: None

The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms. This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype,[1][2][3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics.[4] The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics.

  Animals
  Plants
  Other Eukaryotes
S. No. Organism
(Scientific name) 		Chromosome number Picture Karyotype Notes Source
1 Jack jumper ant
(Myrmecia pilosula) 		02 2/1 Myrmecia.pilosula.jpg 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible. Other ant species have more chromosomes.[5] [5]
2 Spider mite
(Tetranychidae) 		04 4–14


Tetranychus urticae with silk threads.jpg Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are typically haplodiploid (males are haploid, while females are diploid)[6] [6]
3 Cricotopus sylvestris 04 4 Cricotopus sp. sylvestris group female Bytom.jpg [7]
4 Oikopleura dioica 06 6 Oikopleura dioica 2.jpg [8]
5 Yellow fever mosquito
(Aedes aegypti) 		06 6


Aedes aegypti.jpg Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) chromosomes.png The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana, which has 2n=8.[9] [9]
6 Indian muntjac
(Muntiacus muntjak) 		06 6/7


Muntjac deer.JPG Karyotype of Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak).png 2n = 6 for females and 7 for males. The lowest diploid chromosomal number in mammals.[10] [11]
7 Hieracium 08 8


Yellow Hawkweed.jpg
8 Fruit fly
(Drosophila melanogaster) 		08 8


Drosophila melanogaster - side (aka).jpg Drosophila metaphase chromosomes female.png 6 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex) [12]
9 Macrostomum lignano 08 8


Macrostomum lignano.jpg Karyotype of Macrostomum lignano.png [13]
10 Marchantia polymorpha 09 9


Moos 5772.jpg Marchantia polymorpha male karyotype.jpg Typically haploid with dominant gametophyte stage. 8 autosomes and 1 allosome (sex chromosome). The sex-determination system used by this species and most other bryophytes is called UV. Spores can carry either the U chromosome, which results in female gametophytes, or the V chromosome, which results in males. The chromosome number n = 9 is the basic number in many species of Marchantiales. In some species of Marchantiales, plants with various ploidy levels (having 18 or 27 chromosomes) were reported, but this is rare in nature. [14]
11 Thale cress
(Arabidopsis thaliana) 		10 Arabidopsis thaliana.jpg Karyotype of Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana).png
12 Swamp wallaby
(Wallabia bicolor) 		10 10/11


Image-Swamp-Wallaby-Feeding-4,-Vic,-Jan.2008.jpg Karyotype of swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor).png 11 for male, 10 for female [15]
13 Australian daisy
(Brachyscome dichromosomatica) 		12 12


Brachyscome iberidifolia1.jpg This species can have more B chromosomes than A chromosomes at times, but 2n=4. [16]
14 Nematode
(Caenorhabditis elegans) 		11 12/11


Adult Caenorhabditis elegans.jpg Karyotype of Caenorhabditis elegans.png 12 for hermaphrodites, 11 for males
15 Spinach
(Spinacia oleracea) 		12 Wurzelspinat02.jpg Karyotype of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. Mazeran).png [17]
16 Broad bean
(Vicia faba) 		12 Fava beans 1.jpg Karyotype of Broad bean (Vicia faba).png [18]
17 Yellow dung fly
(Scathophaga stercoraria) 		12 Fliege9012.JPG Karyotype of female yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria).png 10 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex) chromosomes. Males have XY sex chromosomes and females have XX sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are the largest chromosomes and constitute 30% of the total length of the diploid set in females and about 25% in males.[19] [19]
18 Slime mold
(Dictyostelium discoideum) 		12 Dictyostelium Fruiting Bodies.JPG [20]
19 Cucumber
(Cucumis sativus) 		14 Komkommer plant.jpg Karyotype of cucumber (Cucumis sativus).png [21]
20 Tasmanian devil
(Sarcophilus harrisii) 		14 Sarcophilus harrisii taranna.jpg Karyotype of Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus Harrisii).png
21 Rye
(Secale cereale) 		14 Rye Mature Grain Summer.jpg Karyotype of Austrian rye (Secale cereale).png [22]
22 Pea
(Pisum sativum) 		14 Peas in pods - Studio.jpg Karyotype of pea (Pisum sativum).png [22]
23 Barley
(Hordeum vulgare) 		14 Hordeum-barley.jpg Karyotype of barley (Hordeum vulgare).png [23]
24 Aloe vera 14 Aloe vera 1.jpg Karyotype of Aloe vera.png The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 14 with four pair of long acrocentric chromosomes ranging from 14.4 μm to 17.9 μm and three pair of short sub metacentric chromosomes ranging from 4.6 μm to 5.4 μm.[24] [24]
25 Koala
(Phascolarctos cinereus) 		16 Koala climbing tree.jpg
26 Kangaroo 16 Macropus robustus2.jpg Karyotype of wallaroo (Macropus robustus).png This includes several members of genus Macropus, but not the red kangaroo (M. rufus, 20) [25]
27 Botryllus schlosseri 16 16 Botryllus schlosseri.jpg [26]
28 Schistosoma mansoni 16 Schistosoma mansoni trematodes.jpg Karyotype of Schistosoma mansoni.png 2n=16. 7 autosomal pairs and ZW sex-determination pair.[27] [27]
29 Welsh onion
(Allium fistulosum) 		16 Spring Onion.jpg DAPI stained Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) chromosomes.png [28]
30 Garlic
(Allium sativum) 		16 All Garlic Ail Ajo.jpg Karyotype of garlic (Allium sativum).png [28]
31 Itch mite
(Sarcoptes scabiei) 		17 17/18


Sarcoptes scabei 2.jpg Chromosomal spreads of single itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) cell - 17 chromosomes.png According to the observation of embryonic cells of egg, chromosome number of the itch mite is either 17 or 18. While the cause for the disparate numbers is unknown, it may arise because of an XO sex determination mechanism, where males (2n=17) lack the sex chromosome and therefore have one less chromosome than the female (2n=18).[29] [29]
32 Radish
(Raphanus sativus) 		18 Raphanus sativus subsp. sativus, radijs (1).jpg Karyotype of radish (Raphanus sativus).png [22]
33 Carrot
(Daucus carota) 		18 Baby carrots - jules.jpg Karyotype of carrot (Daucus carota).png The genus Daucus includes around 25 species. D. carota has nine chromosome pairs (2n = 2x = 18). D. capillifolius, D. sahariensis and D. syrticus are the other members of the genus with 2n = 18, whereas D. muricatus (2n = 20) and D. pusillus (2n = 22) have a slightly higher chromosome number. A few polyploid species as for example D. glochidiatus (2n = 4x = 44) and D. montanus (2n = 6x = 66) also exist.[30] [30]
34 Cabbage
(Brassica oleracea) 		18 Choux 02.jpg Karyotype of Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera).png Broccoli, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower are all the same species and have the same chromosome number.[22] [22]
35 Citrus
(Citrus) 		18 Lemon, Lime and Orange.jpg Karyotype of Lemon (Citrus limon).png Chromosome number of the genus Citrus, which including lemons, oranges, grapefruit, pomelo and limes, is 2n = 18.[31] [32]
36 Passion fruit
(Passiflora edulis) 		18 Passionfruit and cross section.jpg Karyotype of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis).png [33]
37 Setaria viridis
(Setaria viridis) 		18 エノコログサSetaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv.P9130041.JPG Karyotype of Setaria viridis.png [34]
38 Maize
(Zea mays) 		20 Klip kukuruza uzgojen u Međimurju (Croatia).JPG C-banded karyograms of Maize.png [22]
39 Cannabis
(Cannabis sativa) 		20 Cannabis sativa leaf.jpg Karyotype of Hemp (Cannabis sativa).png
40 Western clawed frog
(Xenopus tropicalis) 		20 Xenopus tropicalis02.jpeg Karyotype of Western clawed frog (Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis).png [35]
41 Australian pitcher plant
(Cephalotus follicularis) 		20 Cephalotus follicularis 002.jpg [36]
42 Cacao
(Theobroma cacao) 		20 Matadecacao.jpg Karyotype of cacao.png [37]
43 Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus) 		22 700 yr red river gum02.jpg Karyotype of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis).png Although some contradictory cases have been reported, the large homogeneity of the chromosome number 2n = 22 is now known for 135 (33.5%) distinct species among genus Eucalyptus.[38] [39]
44 Virginia opossum
(Didelphis virginiana) 		22 Opossum 2.jpg [40]
45 Bean
(Phaseolus sp.) 		22 Phaseolus vulgaris MHNT.BOT.2016.24.73.jpg Karyotype of Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).png All species in the genus Phaseolus have the same chromosome number, including common bean (P. vulgaris), runner bean (P. coccineus), tepary bean (P. acutifolius) and lima bean (P. lunatus).[22] [22]
46 Snail 24 Grapevinesnail 01.jpg
47 Melon
(Cucumis melo) 		24 Cucumis melo 34.jpg Karyotype of melon (Cucumis melo L.).png [41]
48 Rice
(Oryza sativa) 		24 US long grain rice.jpg Karyotype of rice (Oryza sativa).png [22]
49 Silverleaf nightshade
(Solanum elaeagnifolium) 		24 Solanum elaeagnifolium.jpg [42]
50 Sweet chestnut
(Castanea sativa) 		24 Frucht der Edelkastanie.jpg Karyotype of Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa).png [43]
51 Tomato
(Solanum lycopersicum) 		24 Bright red tomato and cross section02.jpg Karyotype of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).png [44]
52 European beech
(Fagus sylvatica) 		24 Hayedomasaustral.jpg Karyotype of European beech (Fagus sylvatica).png [45]
53 Bittersweet nightshade
(Solanum dulcamara) 		24 SolanumDulcamara-bloem-sm.jpg
54 Cork oak
(Quercus suber) 		24 ChampagneCorksLarge.jpg Karyotype of Cork oak (Quercus suber).png [46]
55 Edible frog
(Pelophylax kl. esculentus) 		26 Rana esculenta on Nymphaea edit.JPG Karyotype of Edible frog (Pelophylax esculentus).png Edible frog is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog and the marsh frog.[47] [48]
56 Axolotl
(Ambystoma mexicanum) 		28 AxolotlBE.jpg Karyotype of axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum).png [49]
57 Bed bug
(Cimex lectularius) 		29 29–47


Bedbug004.jpg Karyotype of male bed bug (Cimex lectularius).png 26 autosomes and varying number of the sex chromosomes from three (X1X2Y) to 21 (X1X2Y+18 extra Xs).[50] [50]
58 Pill millipede
(Arthrosphaera magna attems) 		30 Pillmillipede talakaveri.jpg [51]
59 Giraffe
(Giraffa camelopardalis) 		30 Giraffen.jpg Karyotype of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis).png [52]
60 American mink
(Neogale vison) 		30 American mink geograph.co.uk 2083077.jpg
61 Pistachio
(Pistacia vera) 		30 ARS pistachio.jpg Karyotype of Pistachio (Pistacia vera).png [53]
62 Japanese oak silkmoth (Antheraea yamamai) 31 Antheraea yamamai male sjh.jpg Antheraea yamamai karyotype.jpg [54]
63 Baker's yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 		32 S cerevisiae under DIC microscopy.jpg
64 European honey bee
(Apis mellifera) 		32/16 BeeCropped.jpg Karyotype of Honey bee (Apis mellifera).png 32 for females (2n = 32), males are haploid and thus have 16 (1n =16).[55] [55]
65 American badger
(Taxidea taxus) 		32 AmericanBadger.JPG
66 Alfalfa
(Medicago sativa) 		32 Graines de luzerne bio germées - 001.JPG Karyotype of tetraploid Alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp falcata).png Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n=4x=32. Wild relatives have 2n=16.[22]:165 [22]
67 Red fox
(Vulpes vulpes) 		34 Vulpes vulpes 2.jpg Plus 0-8 B chromosomes. [56]
68 Sunflower
(Helianthus annuus) 		34 Lule Dielli.JPG Karyotype of sunflower (Helianthus annuus).png [57]
69 Porcupine
(Erethizon dorsatum) 		34 Porcupine-BioDome.jpg [58]
70 Globe artichoke
(Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) 		34 Artichoke J1.jpg Karyotype of globe artichoke.png [59]
71 Yellow mongoose
(Cynictis penicillata) 		36 Yellow mongoose 1.jpg
72 Tibetan sand fox
(Vulpes ferrilata) 		36 Tibet Fox.jpg
73 Starfish
(Asteroidea) 		36 Nerr0878.jpg
74 Red panda
(Ailurus fulgens) 		36 Ailurus fulgens RoterPanda LesserPanda.jpg
75 Meerkat
(Suricata suricatta) 		36 Meerkat feb 09.jpg
76 Cassava
(Manihot esculenta) 		36 Manihot esculenta 001.jpg Karyotype of Cassava (Manihot esculenta).png [60]
77 Long-nosed cusimanse
(Crossarchus obscurus) 		36 Crossarchus obscurus Plzen zoo 02.2011.jpg
78 Earthworm
(Lumbricus terrestris) 		36 Regenwurm1.jpg
79 African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis) 		36 Xenopus laevis 1.jpg Karyotype of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis).png [35]
80 Waterwheel plant
(Aldrovanda vesiculosa) 		38 Aldrovanda vesiculosa.jpg [36]
81 Tiger
(Panthera tigris) 		38 Tigress at Jim Corbett National Park.jpg Karyotype of Siberian tiger.png
82 Sea otter
(Enhydra lutris) 		38 Sea otter.jpg
83 Sable
(Martes zibellina) 		38 Sable - 2.png
84 Raccoon
(Procyon lotor) 		38 Procyon lotor (raccoon).jpg [61]
85 Pine marten
(Martes martes) 		38 Baummarder 01.jpg
86 Pig
(Sus) 		38 Sus Barbatus, the Bornean Bearded Pig (12616351323).jpg Karyotype of normal male pig.png
87 Oriental small-clawed otter
(Aonyx cinerea) 		38 Otter - melbourne zoo.jpg
88 Lion
(Panthera leo) 		38 Lion Ngorongoro Crater.jpg
89 Fisher
(Pekania pennanti) 		38 Martes martes crop.jpg a type of marten
90 European mink
(Mustela lutreola) 		38 Europäischer Nerz.jpg
91 Coatimundi 38 Coati.jpg
92 Cat
(Felis catus) 		38 Kittyply edit1.jpg Karyotype of domestic cat (Felis catus).png
93 Beech marten
(Martes foina) 		38 Steinmarder 01.jpg
94 Baja California rat snake
(Bogertophis rosaliae) 		38 Bogertophis subocularis.jpg [62]
95 American marten
(Martes americana) 		38 Marten with Flowers.jpg
96 Trans-Pecos ratsnake
(Bogertophis subocularis) 		40 Trans-Pecos Rat Snake.jpg [63]
97 Mouse
(Mus musculus) 		40 Мышь 2.jpg Karyotype of normal male mouse.png [64]
98 Mango
(Mangifera indica) 		40 Mangga indramayu 071007-0327 rwg.jpg [22]
99 Hyena
(Hyaenidae) 		40 Spotted Hyena and young in Ngorogoro crater.jpg
100 Ferret
(Mustela furo) 		40 Furets albinos champagne et zibeline sable.jpg
101 European polecat
(Mustela putorius) 		40 Ilder.jpg
102 American beaver
(Castor canadensis) 		40 Castor canadensis.jpg
103 Peanut
(Arachis hypogaea) 		40 Arachis-hypogaea-(peanuts).jpg Karyotype of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea).png Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40). Its closest relatives are the diploid (2n = 2x = 20).[65] [65]
104 Wolverine
(Gulo gulo) 		42 Gulo gulo 01.jpg
105 Wheat
(Triticum aestivum) 		42 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Alnarp 1.jpg Karyotype of wheat (Triticum aestivum).png This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var. durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28.[22] [22]
106 Rhesus monkey
(Macaca mulatta) 		42 Macaca mulatta in Guiyang.jpg Karyotype of normal male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).png [66]
107 Rat
(Rattus norvegicus) 		42 Rattus norvegicus 1.jpg Karyogram of normal rat.png [67]
108 Oats
(Avena sativa) 		42 Avena sativa 002.JPG Karyotype of hexaploid common wild oat (Avena fatua).png This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist.[22] [22]
109 Giant panda
(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 		42 Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg
110 Fossa
(Cryptoprocta ferox) 		42 Cryptoprocta ferox.jpg
111 European rabbit
(Oryctolagus cuniculus) 		44 Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg Karyotype of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).png
112 Eurasian badger
(Meles meles) 		44 Badger-badger.jpg
113 Moon jellyfish
(Aurelia aurita) 		44 Moon jellyfish at Gota Sagher.JPG [68]
114 Dolphin
(Delphinidae) 		44 Kentriodon BW.jpg
115 Arabian coffee
(Coffea arabica) 		44 Coffee arabica 12.10.2011 14-01-6.jpg Karyotype of Coffea arabica.png Out of the 103 species in the genus Coffea, arabica coffee is the only tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 44), the remaining species being diploid with 2n = 2x = 22.[69]
116 Reeves's muntjac
(Muntiacus reevesi) 		46 Formosan Reeve's muntjac.jpg
117 Human
(Homo sapiens) 		46 Akha cropped hires.JPG Human male karyotpe high resolution.jpg 44 autosomal. and 2 allosomic (sex) [70]
118 Olive

(Olea Europaea)

46 Olivesfromjordan.jpg
119 Nilgai
(Boselaphus tragocamelus) 		46 Nilgais fighting, Lakeshwari, Gwalior district, India.jpg [71]
120 Parhyale hawaiensis 46 Parhyale hawaiensis - adult female.png Parhyale hawaiensis - karyotype.png [72]
121 Water buffalo (swamp type)
(Bubalus bubalis) 		48 Water buffaloes bathing at sunset.jpg
122 Tobacco
(Nicotiana tabacum) 		48 Nicotiana Tobacco Plants 1909px.jpg Karyotype of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).png Cultivated species N. tabacum is an amphidiploid (2n=4x=48) evolved through the interspecific hybridization of the ancestors of N. sylvestris (2n=2x=24, maternal donor) and N. tomentosiformis (2n=2x=24, paternal donor) about 200,000 years ago.[73] [73]
123 Potato
(Solanum tuberosum) 		48 Solanum tuberosum 02.jpg Karyotype of Potato (Solanum tuberosum).png This is for common potato Solanum tuberosum (tetraploid, 2n = 4x = 48). Other cultivated potato species may be diploid (2n = 2x = 24), triploid (2n = 3x = 36), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48), or pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60).[74] Wild relatives mostly have 2n=24.[22] [74]
124 Orangutan
(Pongo) 		48 Orang Utan, Semenggok Forest Reserve, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia.JPG Karyotype of Orangutan (Pongo).png
125 Hare
(Lepus) 		48 Polarhase 1 1997-08-04.jpg [75][76]
126 Gorilla
(Gorilla) 		48 Gorillas in Uganda-1, by Fiver Löcker.jpg
127 Deer mouse
(Peromyscus maniculatus) 		48 Peromyscus maniculatus.jpg
128 Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes) 		48 Lightmatter chimp.jpg Karyotype of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).png [77]
129 Eurasian beaver
(Castor fiber) 		48 Beaver pho34.jpg
130 Zebrafish
(Danio rerio) 		50 Zebrafisch.jpg Karyotype of zebrafish (Danio rerio).png [78]
131 Woodland hedgehogs
Erinaceus 		48 Erinaceus europeaus (DarkAn9el).jpg [79]
132 African hedgehogs
Atelerix 		48 Igel01.jpg [80]
133 Water buffalo (Riverine type)
(Bubalus bubalis) 		50 Water buffaloes in Wuyishan Wufu 2012.08.24 15-46-30.jpg Karyotype of female Nili Ravi buffalo.png
134 Striped skunk
(Mephitis mephitis) 		50 Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) DSC 0030.jpg
135 Pineapple
(Ananas comosus) 		50 Pineapple victoria dsc07770.jpg [22]
136 Kit fox
(Vulpes macrotis) 		50 Vulpes macrotis mutica with pups.jpg
137 Spectacled bear
(Tremarctos ornatus) 		52 Urso-de-óculos no Zoológico de Sorocaba.JPG
138 Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus) 		52 Platypus BrokenRiver QLD Australia.jpg Karyotype of male platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).png Ten sex chromosomes. Males have X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5Y5, females have X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5.[81] [82]
139 Upland cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum) 		52 CottonPlant.JPG Karyotype of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).png This is for the cultivated species G. hirsutum (allotetraploid, 2n=4x=52). This species accounts for 90% of the world cotton production. Among 50 species in the genus Gossypium, 45 are diploid (2n = 2x = 26) and 5 are allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 52).[83] [83]
140 Sheep
(Ovis aries) 		54 Sheep norwegian dala.jpg Karyotype of sheep (Ovis aries).png
141 Hyrax
(Hyracoidea) 		54 54


Procavia-capensis-Frontal.JPG Karyotype of rock hyrax (Procavia capensis).png Hyraxes were considered to be the closest living relatives of elephants,[84] but sirenians have been found to be more closely related to elephants. [85]
142 Raccoon dog
(Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) 		54 Nyctereutes procyonoides 4 (Piotr Kuczynski).jpg Karyotype of Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides).png This number is for common raccoon dog (N. p. procyonoides), 2n=54+B(0–4). On the other hand, Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) with 2n=38+B(0–8). Here, B represents B chromosome and its variation in the number between individuals.[86][87] [86]
143 Capuchin monkey
(Cebinae) 		54 Cebus capucinus, Costa Rica.JPG [88]
144 Silkworm
(Bombyx mori) 		56 Pairedmoths.jpg Karyotype of Silkworm (Bombyx mori).png This is for the species mulberry silkworm, B. mori (2n=56). Probably more than 99% of the world's commercial silk today come from this species.[89] Other silk producing moths, called non-mulberry silkworms, have various chromosome numbers. (e.g. Samia cynthia with 2n=25–28,[90] Antheraea pernyi with 2n=98.[91])
145 Strawberry
(Fragaria × ananassa) 		56 Fragaria × ananassa.JPG Karyotype of Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana ssp glauca).png This number is octoploid, main cultivated species Fragaria × ananassa (2n = 8x = 56). In genus Fragaria, basic chromosome number is seven (x = 7) and multiple levels of ploidy, ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 14) to decaploid (F. iturupensis, 2n = 10x = 70), are known.[92] [92]
146 Gaur
(Bos gaurus) 		56 Bos gaurus.jpeg
147 Elephant
(Elephantidae) 		56 Elephant near ndutu.jpg
148 †Woolly mammoth
(Mammuthus primigenius) 		58 Mamut lanudo cropped.jpg extinct; tissue from a frozen carcass
149 Domestic yak
(Bos grunniens) 		60 Bos grunniens - Syracuse Zoo.jpg
150 Goat
(Capra hircus) 		60 Hausziege 04.jpg Karyotype of normal male goat.png
151 Cattle
(Bos taurus) 		60 20100516 Vacas Vilarromarís, Oroso-8-1.jpg Karyotype of cattle.PNG
152 American bison
(Bison bison) 		60 American bison k5680-1.jpg
153 Sable antelope
(Hippotragus niger) 		60 Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) adult male.jpg [93]
154 Bengal fox
(Vulpes bengalensis) 		60 Indianfox.jpg
155 Gypsy moth
(Lymantria dispar dispar) 		62 Lymantria dispar MHNT Fronton Male.jpg
156 Donkey
(Equus asinus) 		62 Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg
157 Scarlet macaw
(Ara macao) 		62–64 Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) -Panama-8a.jpg Karyotype of Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao).png [94]
158 Mule 63 Juancito.jpg semi-infertile (odd number of chromosomes – between donkey (62) and horse (64) makes meiosis much more difficult)
159 Guinea pig
(Cavia porcellus) 		64 Two adult Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus).jpg G-banded karyotype of female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).png
160 Spotted skunk
(Spilogale x) 		64 Spilogale gracilis.jpg
161 Horse
(Equus caballus) 		64 LaMirage body07.jpg Karyotype of male Marajoara Horse (Equus Caballus).png
162 Fennec fox
(Vulpes zerda) 		64 Fennec Foxes.jpg [95]
163 Echidna
(Tachyglossidae) 		63/64 Ameisenigel.jpg 63 (X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5, male) and 64 (X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5, female)[96]
164 Chinchilla
(Chinchilla lanigera) 		64 Chinchilla lanigera.jpg [58]
165 Nine-banded armadillo
(Dasypus novemcinctus) 		64 Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg Karyotype of nine-banded armadillo.png [97]
166 Gray fox
(Urocyon cinereoargenteus) 		66 Urocyon cinereoargenteus.jpg [95]
167 Red deer
(Cervus elaphus) 		68 Zoo-Dortmund-IMG 5549-a.jpg
168 Elk (wapiti)
(Cervus canadensis) 		68 2007-Tule-elk-rut.jpg
169 Roadside hawk
(Rupornis magnirostris) 		68 Buteo magnirostris -Goias -Brazil-8.jpg Karyotype of roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris).png [98]
170 White-tailed deer
(Odocoileus virginianus) 		70 White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) grazing - 20050809.jpg
171 Black nightshade
(Solanum nigrum) 		72 Solanum nigra bgiu.jpg [99]
172 Tropical blue bamboo
(Bambusa chungii) 		64-72 Bambusa chungii close up view of the stem in HK.JPG [100]
173 Bat-eared fox
(Otocyon megalotis) 		72 Otocyon megalotis (Namibia).jpg [95]
174 Sun bear
(Helarctos malayanus) 		74 Sitting sun bear.jpg
175 Sloth bear
(Melursus ursinus) 		74 Sloth Bear Washington DC.JPG
176 Polar bear
(Ursus maritimus) 		74 Polar Bear - Alaska.jpg
177 Brown bear
(Ursus arctos) 		74 Brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) running.jpg
178 Asian black bear
(Ursus thibetanus) 		74 Kragenbär.jpg
179 American black bear
(Ursus americanus) 		74 Ursus americanus sequoia forest 2003-09-21.jpg
180 Bush dog
(Speothos venaticus) 		74 Speothos venaticus Zoo Praha 2011-5 (cropped).jpg
181 Maned wolf
(Chrysocyon brachyurus) 		76 Chrysocyon.brachyurus.jpg
182 Gray wolf
(Canis lupus) 		78 Canis lupus 265b.jpg
183 Golden jackal
(Canis aureus) 		78 Golden wolf sa02.jpg [95]
184 Dove
(Columbidae) 		78 Rock dove - natures pics.jpg Based on African collared dove [101]
185 Dog
(Canis familiaris) 		78 Boddhi the mixed-breed dog.jpg Karyotype of Dog (Canis lupus familiaris).png Normal dog karyotype is composed of 38 pairs of acrocentric autosomes and two metacentric sex chromosomes.[102][103] [104]
186 Dingo
(Canis familiaris) 		78 Canis lupus dingo - cleland wildlife park.JPG [95]
187 Dhole
(Cuon alpinus) 		78 Cuon.alpinus-cut.jpg
188 Coyote
(Canis latrans) 		78 Coyote by Rebecca Richardson.jpg [95]
189 Chicken
(Gallus gallus domesticus) 		78 Female pair.jpg Karyotype of chicken (Gallus gallus).png
190 African wild dog
(Lycaon pictus) 		78 Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820).jpg - 191 Tropical pitcher plant
(Nepenthes rafflesiana) 		78 Pahangraff3.jpg [36]
192 Turkey
(Meleagris) 		80 Wild turkey eastern us.jpg
193 Sugarcane
(Saccharum officinarum) 		80 Cut sugarcane.jpg Karyotype of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum LA Purple).png This is for S. officinarum (octoploid, 2n = 8× = 80).[105] About 70% of the world's sugar comes from this species.[106] Other species in the genus Saccharum, collectively known as sugarcane, have chromosome numbers in the range 2n=40–128.[107] [105]
194 Pigeon
(Columbidae) 		80 Paloma en la Ciudad de México.JPG [108]
195 Azure-winged magpie
(Cyanopica cyanus) 		80 Cyanopica cyanus Yokohama 5.jpg [109]
196 Great white shark
(Carcharodon carcharias) 		82 Carcharodon carcharias.jpg [110]
197 Bloody geranium
(Geranium sanguineum) 		84 Geranium sanguineum - verev kurereha.jpg [111]
198 Moonworts
(Botrychium) 		90 Botrychium-4.jpg
199 Grape fern
(Sceptridium) 		90 Botrychium multifidum.jpg
200 Pittier's crab-eating rat
(Ichthyomys pittieri) 		92 Ichthyomys hydrobates soderstromi Smit.jpg Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Anotomys leander. [112]
201 Prawn
(Penaeus semisulcatus) 		86 86–92


Penaeus monodon.jpg [113]
202 Aquatic rat
(Anotomys leander) 		92 Muskrat swimming Ottawa.jpg Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Ichthyomys pittieri. [112]
203 Kamraj (fern)
(Helminthostachys zeylanica) 		94 Helminthostachys zeylanica.jpg
204 Crucian carp
(Carassius carassius) 		100 Cyprinus carpio.jpeg Karyotype of crucian carp (Carassius carassius).png [114]
205 Red viscacha rat
(Tympanoctomys barrerae) 		102 Tympanoctomys barrerae.jpg Metaphase spread of the Viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae).jpg Highest number known in mammals, thought to be a tetraploid[115] or allotetraploid.[116] [117]
206 Walking catfish
(Clarias batrachus) 		104 Clarias batrachus.jpg Karyotype of walking catfish (Clarias batrachus).png [118]
207 American paddlefish
(Polyodon spathula) 		120 Paddlefish underwater.jpeg Karyotype of North American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula).png [119]
208 Limestone fern
(Gymnocarpium robertianum) 		160 Gymnocarpium robertianum, Ireland.jpg Tetraploid (2n = 4x = 160) [120]
209 African baobab
(Adansonia digitata) 		168 Baobab and elephant, Tanzania.jpg Also known as the "tree of life". 2n = 4x = 168 [121]
210 Northern lampreys
(Petromyzontidae) 		174 Petromyzon marinus2.jpg [122]
211 Rattlesnake fern
(Botrypus virginianus) 		184 Botrychium virginianum.JPG [123]
212 Red king crab
(Paralithodes camtschaticus) 		208 Paralithodes camtschaticus, 1.jpg
213 Field horsetail
(Equisetum arvense) 		216 Equisetum arvense foliage.jpg
214 Agrodiaetus butterfly
(Agrodiaetus shahrami) 		268 Bläuling auf einer Distel.jpg This insect has one of the highest chromosome numbers among all animals. [124]
215 Black mulberry
(Morus nigra) 		308 Morus-nigra.JPG Highest ploidy among plants, 22-ploid (2n = 22x = 308)[125] [126]
216 Atlas blue
(Polyommatus atlantica) 		448 448-452


PolyommatusAtlanticaMMUpUnAC1.jpg Karyotype of Atlas blue (Polyommatus atlanticus).png 2n = c. 448–452. Highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms.[127] [127]
217 Adders-tongue
(Ophioglossum reticulatum) 		1260 Ophioglossum closeup.jpg n=120–720 with a high degree of polyploidization[128] Ophioglossum reticulatum n=720 in hexaploid species, 2n=1260 in decaploid species [129]
218 Ciliated protozoa
(Tetrahymena thermophila) 		10 10 (in micronucleus)


Tetrahymena thermophila.png 50x = 12,500 (in macronucleus, except minichromosomes)
10,000x = 10,000 (macronuclear minichromosomes)[130]
219 Ciliated protozoa
(Sterkiella histriomuscorum) 		16,000[131] Oxytricha trifallax.jpg Macronuclear "nanochromosomes"; ampliploid. MAC chromosomes × 1900 ploidy level = 2.964 × 107 chromosomes [132][133][134]
  • Karyotype of a human being. It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes, as well as the mitochondrial genome (at bottom left).
    Further information: Karyotype

  • Fusion of ancestral chromosomes left distinctive remnants of telomeres, and a vestigial centromere. As other non-human extant hominidae have 48 chromosomes it is believed that the human chromosome 2 is the result of the merging of two chromosomes.[135]

References

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