Physiological movement

Physiological movements or normal movements are the natural movements that occur in human joints. They are also known as osteokinematic movements.

The study of these movements is known as kinesiology.

Body positions to describe physiological movements

Fundamental position

Anatomical position

General descriptions

Flexion

Extension

Abduction

Adduction

Joints and their physiological movements

Upper extremity

Shoulder

1. Flexion
2. Eion
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. External rotation
6. Internal rotation
7. Horizontal abduction
8. Horizontal adduction
9. Circumduction

Elbow

1. Flexion
2. Extension

Wrist

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Radial deviation
4. Ulnar deviation

Lower Extremity

Hip

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. Internal rotation
6. External rotation

Knee

1. Flexion
2. Extension

Ankle

1. Dorsal flexion
2. Plantar flexion
3. Eversion
4. Inversion

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