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Revelation 22

Topic: Biology

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 3 min

Template:New Testament chapter short description Template:Bible chapter Revelation 22 is the twenty-second and final chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John, and the final chapter of the New Testament and of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John of Patmos.[1][2][3] This chapter contains the accounts of the throne of God in the New Jerusalem, the conversation between the writer and an angel, and, from verse 10 onwards, the epilogue of the book.[4]

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter include:[5][lower-alpha 1]

  • Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
  • Codex Alexandrinus (400–440).

Old Testament references

New Testament references

Contents

Verse 1

Then he (the angel) showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb.[8]

The angel is the one who was first encountered in Revelation 1:1.[9]

Verse 6

And he said to me, "These words are trustworthy and true. And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must soon take place."

"These words" are best taken as a reference to the whole Book of Revelation.[9]

Verse 13

Greek letters alpha and omega
I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last.[10]
  • Cross reference: Revelation 21:6
  • "The Beginning and the End, the First and the Last" (KJV; NKJV): NU and M[lower-alpha 2] read "First and the Last, the Beginning and the End".[11]
  • Labarum: Chi-rho with alpha and omega
    Labarum: Chi-rho with alpha and omega
  • Mural painting from the catacomb of Commodilla. Bust of Christ, (one of the first bearded images of Christ) with alpha and omega. Late 4th century
    Mural painting from the catacomb of Commodilla. Bust of Christ, (one of the first bearded images of Christ) with alpha and omega. Late 4th century
  • Alpha Α and Omega Ω stained glass window, circa 1883, near the front door of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
    Alpha Α and Omega Ω stained glass window, circa 1883, near the front door of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Verse 14

Blessed are those who wash their robes. They will be permitted to enter through the gates of the city and eat the fruit from the tree of life.[12]

Verse 15

Outside the city are the dogs - the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idol worshipers, and all who love to live a lie.[13]

Verse 16

See also: Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament § Other names and titles
"I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things in the churches.
I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star."[14][lower-alpha 3]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus,[6] and this chapter is missing from Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus.
  2. ↑ NU: 'the 27th edition of the Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament' and 'the 4th edition United Bible Societies'; M: 'the Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text'.
  3. ↑ Some versions refer to "the bright morning star".[15]

References

  1. ↑ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque. ed. New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882. Template:Relevance
  2. ↑ Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans. ed. Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281. 
  3. ↑ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
  4. ↑ Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
  5. ↑ Elliott, J. K., "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
  6. ↑ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Biblical concordances of Revelation 22 in the 1611 King James Bible". https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Reuelation_22_1611/. 
  8. ↑ Revelation 22:1: English Standard Version
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bauckham 2007, p. 1305.
  10. ↑ Revelation 22:13: NKJV
  11. ↑ Note [f] on Revelation 22:13 in NKJV
  12. ↑ Revelation 22:14: NLT
  13. ↑ Revelation 22:15: NLT
  14. ↑ Revelation 22:16: NKJV
  15. ↑ E.g. the Revised Standard Version: Revelation 22:16

Bibliography

Template:Book of Revelation



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