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Threatened fauna of Australia

Topic: Biology

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 10 min

Threatened fauna of Australia are those species and subspecies of birds, fish, frogs, insects, mammals, molluscs, crustaceans and reptiles to be found in Australia that are in danger of becoming extinct. This list is the list proclaimed under the Australian federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The classifications are based on those used by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), however IUCN and Australian rankings do differ. Each state and territory has its own legislation relating to environmental protection]].

2020: new database of threatened mammals

A new online database of threatened mammals launched on 22 April 2020 reported that there had been a decline of more than a third of threatened mammal numbers in the past 20 years, but the data also show that targeted conservation efforts are working. The Threatened Mammal Index "is compiled from more than 400,000 individual surveys, and contains population trends for 57 of Australia's threatened or near-threatened terrestrial and marine mammal species".[1]

Extinct in the wild

There are 24 birds (1 from the mainland), 7 frogs, and 27 mammal species or subspecies strongly believed to have become extinct in Australia since European settlement.[citation needed] One fish is listed as extinct in the wild.

Critically endangered

Five mammals, six birds, two reptiles, three fish and five other species are listed as critically endangered.

Invertebrates

Fish

  • Grey nurse shark, Carcharias taurus - east coast population
  • Western trout minnow, western trout galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus hesperius
  • Speartooth shark, Glyphis glyphis
  • Opal cling goby, Stiphodon semoni

Reptiles

  • Western swamp tortoise, Pseudemydura umbrina
  • Leathery turtle, leatherback turtle, luth, Dermochelys coriacea

Birds

Mammals

Endangered

Thirty-four mammals, thirty-eight birds, eleven reptiles, eighteen frogs, sixteen fishes and eleven other species are listed as endangered.

Invertebrates

  • Desert sand-skipper, aestiva skipper, Croitana aestiva
  • Central North burrowing crayfish, Engaeus granulatus
  • Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish, Astacopsis gouldi
  • Furneaux burrowing crayfish, Engaeus martigener
  • Scottsdale burrowing crayfish, Engaeus spinicaudatus
  • Gove crow butterfly, Euploea alcathoe enastri
  • Broad-toothed stag beetle, Wielangta stag beetle, Lissotes latidens
  • Freshwater snail, Beddomeia capensis
  • Land snail Mesodontrachia fitzroyana
  • Lord Howe placostylus, Lord Howe flax snail, Placostylus bivaricosus
  • Land snail Semotrachia euzyga
  • Land snail Sinumelon bednalli
  • Moth Phyllodes imperialis (southern subspecies)

Fish

This exceptionally large Macquarie perch was caught on a lure (visible in the picture) and was carefully released.

Amphibians

Corroboree frog
  • White-bellied frog, creek frog, Geocrinia alba
  • Yellow-spotted tree frog, yellow-spotted bell frog, Litoria castanea
  • Armoured mistfrog, Litoria lorica
  • Waterfall frog, torrent tree frog, Litoria nannotis
  • Mountain mistfrog, Litoria nyakalensis
  • Spotted tree frog, Litoria spenceri
  • Fleay's frog, Mixophyes fleayi
  • Southern barred frog, giant barred frog, Mixophyes iteratus
  • Lace-eyed tree frog, Australian lace-lid, Nyctimystes dayi
  • Baw Baw frog, Philoria frosti
  • Southern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree
  • Sunset frog, Spicospina flammocaerulea
  • Eungella day frog, Taudactylus eungellensis
  • Tinkling frog, Taudactylus rheophilus
  • Booroolong frog, Litoria booroolongensis

Reptiles

Loggerhead turtle
  • Loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta
  • Yellow-snouted ground gecko, Diplodactylus occultus
  • Arhem land egernia, Egernia obiri
  • Slater's skink, floodplain skink, Egernia slateri slateri
  • Western spiny-tailed skink, Egernia stokesii badia
  • Gulf snapping turtle, Elusor lavarackorum
  • Mary River tortoise, Elusor macrurus
  • Blue Mountains water skink, Eulamprus leuraensis
  • Corangamite water skink, Eulamprus tympanum marnieae
  • Pacific ridley, olive ridley, Lepidochelys olivacea
  • Allan's lerista, retro slider, Lerista allanae
  • Pygmy blue-tongue lizard, Adelaide blue-tongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis
  • Grassland earless dragon, Tympanocryptis lineata pinguicolla
  • Mary River turtle[3]

Birds

Gouldian finch, Erythrura gouldiae
  • Brown thornbill (King Island subspecies), Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi
  • Christmas Island goshawk, Accipiter fasciatus natalis
  • Wedge-tailed eagle (Tasmanian subspecies), Aquila audax fleayi
  • Red-tailed black-cockatoo (south-eastern subspecies), Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
  • Glossy black-cockatoo (South Australian and Kangaroo Island subspecies), Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus
  • Carnaby's black cockatoo, short-billed black cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus latirostris
  • Southern cassowary (Australian subspecies), Casuarius casuarius johnsonii
  • Common emerald dove (Christmas Island subspecies), Chalcophaps indica natalis
  • Norfolk Island green parrot (formerly the Norfolk Island subspecies of the red-fronted parakeet), Cyanoramphus cookii
  • Coxen's fig parrot, Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni
Golden-shouldered parrot

Mammals

  • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
  • Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi
  • Northern bettong, Bettongia tropica
  • Mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus
  • Christmas Island shrew, Crocidura attenuata trichura
  • Ampurta, Dasycercus hillieri
  • Northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus
  • Tiger quoll (north Queensland subspecies), Dasyurus maculatus gracilis
  • Tiger quoll (southeastern mainland population), Dasyurus maculatus maculatus
Tiger quoll

Vulnerable

Invertebrates

  • Draculoides bramstokeri
  • Mount Arthur burrowing crayfish, Engaeus orramakunna
  • Burnie burrowing crayfish, Engaeus yabbimunna
  • Lasionectes exleyi, a cave-dwelling remipede crustacean
  • Giant Gippsland earthworm, Megascolides australis
  • Bathurst copper, purple copper, Paralucia spinifera

Fish

The red handfish
Great white shark

Frogs

Growling grass frog

Reptiles

Ornamental snake

Birds

  • Slender-billed thornbill (western subspecies), Acanthiza iredalei iredalei
  • Grey grasswren (Bulloo River subspecies), Amytornis barbatus barbatus
  • Thick-billed grasswren (eastern subspecies), Amytornis textilis modestus
  • Thick-billed grasswren (Gawler Ranges subspecies), Amytornis textilis myall
  • Lesser noddy (Australian subspecies), Anous tenuirostris melanops
  • Noisy scrub-bird, Atrichornis clamosus
  • Muir's corella, Cacatua pastinator pastinator
  • Baudin's black-cockatoo, long-billed black-cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus baudinii
  • Cape Barren goose (south-western subspecies), Recherche Cape Barren goose, Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea
Cape Barren goose
  • Western bristlebird, Dasyornis longirostris
  • Antipodean albatross, Diomedea antipodensis
  • Southern royal albatross, Diomedea epomophora
  • Wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans
  • Gibson's albatross, Diomedea gibsoni
  • Red goshawk, Erythrotriorchis radiatus
  • Crested shrike-tit (northern subspecies), northern shrike-tit, Falcunculus frontatus whitei
  • Christmas Island frigatebird, Andrew's frigatebird, Fregata andrewsi
  • White-bellied storm-petrel (Tasman Sea or Australasian subspecies), Fregetta grallaria grallaria
  • Squatter pigeon (southern subspecies), Geophaps scripta scripta
  • Partridge pigeon (western subspecies), Geophaps smithii blaauwi
  • Partridge pigeon (eastern subspecies), Geophaps smithii smithii
  • Blue petrel, Halobaena caerulea
  • Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata
  • Northern giant-petrel, Macronectes halli
  • Purple-crowned fairy-wren, (western subspecies), Malurus coronatus coronatus
  • White-winged fairywren (Barrow Island subspecies), Barrow Island black-and-white fairywren, Malurus leucopterus edouardi
  • White-winged fairy-wren (Dirk Hartog Island subspecies), Dirk Hartog black-and-white fairy-wren, Malurus leucopterus leucopterus
  • Crimson finch (white-bellied subspecies), Neochmia phaeton evangelinae
  • Christmas Island hawk-owl, Ninox natalis
  • Golden whistler (Norfolk Island subspecies), Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta
Golden whistler

Mammals

  • Sub-antarctic fur-seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis
  • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
  • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
  • Boodie, burrowing bettong (Shark Bay subspecies), Bettongia lesueur lesueur
  • Boodie, burrowing bettong (Barrow and Boodie Islands subspecies), Bettongia lesueur unnamed subspecies
  • Dingo, Canis dingo
  • Large-eared pied bat, large pied bat, Chalinolobus dwyeri
  • Kowari, Dasycercus byrnei
  • Mulgara, Dasycercus cristicauda
  • Chuditch, western quoll, Dasyurus geoffroii
  • Spot-tailed quoll, spotted-tail quoll, tiger quoll (Tasmanian population), Dasyurus maculatus maculatus
  • Golden bandicoot (mainland subspecies), Isoodon auratus auratus
  • Golden bandicoot (Barrow Island subspecies), Isoodon auratus barrowensis
  • Southern brown bandicoot (Nuyts Archipelago subspecies), Isoodon obesulus nauticus
  • Spectacled hare-wallaby (Barrow Island subspecies), Lagorchestes conspicillatus conspicillatus
  • Rufous hare-wallaby (Bernier Island subspecies), Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri
  • Rufous hare-wallaby (Dorre Island subspecies), Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae
  • Banded hare-wallaby, marnine, munning, Lagostrophus fasciatus fasciatus
  • Greater stick-nest rat, wopilkara, Leporillus conditor
  • Barrow Island euro, Macropus robustus isabellinus
  • Greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis
  • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
  • Golden-backed tree-rat, Mesembriomys macrurus
  • Southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina
  • Numbat, Myrmecobius fasciatus
  • Australian sea-lion, Neophoca cinerea
  • Northern hopping-mouse, Notomys aquilo
  • Dusky hopping-mouse, wilkiniti, Notomys fuscus
  • Corben's long-eared bat, south-eastern long-eared bat, Nyctophilus corbeni
  • Eastern barred bandicoot (Tasmania subspecies), Perameles gunnii gunnii
  • Yellow-bellied glider, fluffy glider (Wet Tropics subspecies), Petaurus australis unnamed subspecies.
  • Warru, black-footed rock-wallaby (MacDonnell Ranges race), Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race
  • Black-footed rock-wallaby (West Kimberley race), Petrogale lateralis West Kimberley race
  • Recherche rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis hacketti
  • Black-flanked rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis lateralis
  • Pearson Island rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis pearsoni
  • Brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata
  • Yellow-footed rock-wallaby (South Australia and New South Wales subspecies), Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus
  • Long-nosed potoroo (south-east mainland subspecies), Potorous tridactylus tridactylus
  • Carpentarian antechinus, Pseudantechinus mimulus
  • Western ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus occidentalis
  • Plains rat, Pseudomys australis
  • Djoongari, Alice Springs mouse, Shark Bay mouse, Pseudomys fieldi
  • Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis
  • Heath mouse, Pseudomys shortridgei
  • Spectacled flying-fox, Pteropus conspicillatus
  • Grey-headed flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus
  • Pilbara leaf-nosed bat, Rhinonicteris aurantius (Pilbara form)
  • Quokka, Setonix brachyurus
  • Butler's dunnart, Sminthopsis butleri
  • Boullanger Island dunnart, Sminthopsis griseoventer boullangerensis
  • Common wombat (Bass Strait subspecies), Vombatus ursinus ursinus
  • False water rat, water mouse, Xeromys myoides
  • Arnhem rock-rat, Arnhem Land rock-rat, Zyzomys maini

Conservation dependent

Four fish and one mammal are conservation dependent.

Fish

Mammals

Threatened species legislation

Federal legislation

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) and Regulations set up a framework for protection of the Australian environment, including its biodiversity and its natural and culturally significant places.

State legislation

Threatened species in Australia are protected (or affected by) by four main types of legislation:

  • Protected areas legislation (e.g., National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW))
  • Threatened species legislation (e.g. Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW), Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 (Tas))
  • Native vegetation conservation laws
  • Fisheries legislation.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kilvert, Nick (22 April 2020). "Australia's threatened mammals decline by more than a third since 1990s, but there's a silver lining". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-04-22/native-mammals-decline-over-one-third/12163838. 
  2. ↑ "List of Threatened Fauna". Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicthreatenedlist.pl#mammals_critically_endangered. Retrieved 4 April 2017. 
  3. ↑ https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/12/asia/mary-river-turtle-endangered-intl/index.html

External links




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