Aluminium iodide

Aluminium iodide
	File:Aluminium-iodide-3D-vdW.png
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Aluminium iodide
	Other names Aluminium(III) iodide; Aluminum iodide; Aluminium triiodide; Aluminum triiodide
Identifiers
CAS Number	7784-23-8 (anhydrate) ; 10090-53-6 (hexahydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; dimer: Interactive image;
ChemSpider	74202 (anhydrate) ;
EC Number	232-054-8;
PubChem CID	82222 (anhydrate);
UNII	L903Z8J9VR (anhydrate) ; VWS43EUO9V (hexahydrate) ;
UN number	UN 3260
	InChI Key: CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K ; Key: CECABOMBVQNBEC-DFZHHIFOAE;
	SMILES I[Al](I)I; dimer: I[Al-]1(I)[I+][Al-]([I+]1)(I)I;
Properties
Chemical formula	AlI3, AlI3·6H2O (hexahydrate)
Molar mass	407.695 g/mol (anhydrous) ; 515.786 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance	white (anhydrous) or yellow powder (hexahydrate)
Density	3.98 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.63 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
Melting point	188.28 °C (370.90 °F; 461.43 K) (anhydrous) ; 185 °C, decomposes (hexahydrate)
Boiling point	382 °C (720 °F; 655 K) anhydrous, sublimes
Solubility in water	very soluble, partial hydrolysis
Solubility in alcohol, ether	soluble (hexahydrate)
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic, mP16
Space group	P21/c, No. 14
Lattice constant	a = 1.1958 nm, b = 0.6128 nm, c = 1.8307 nm α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Formula units (Z)	8
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	98.7 J/(mol·K)
Std molar; entropy (So298)	195.9 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−302.9 kJ/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Short description: Chemical compound

Aluminium iodide is the inorganic compound with the composition AlI
3. It also exists a various hydrates formed by exposure of the anhydrous material to water.^[4] For example the hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, $AlI 3$ is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.^[5]

Preparation

Aluminium iodide is formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine^[6] or the action of HI on Al metal.

Structure

Solid $AlI 3$ is dimeric, consisting of Al₂I₆, similar to that of AlBr₃.^[3] The structure of monomeric and dimeric forms have been characterized in the gas phase.^[7] The monomer, $AlI 3$ , is trigonal planar with a bond length of 2.448(6) Å, and the bridged dimer, Al₂I₆, at 430 K is a similar to Al₂Cl₆ and Al₂Br₆ with Al–I bond lengths of 2.456(6) Å (terminal) and 2.670(8) Å (bridging). The dimer is described as floppy with an equilibrium geometry of D_2h.

Aluminium(I) iodide

File:06. Директна синтеза на алуминиум јодид.webm The name "aluminium iodide" is widely assumed to describe the triiodide or its dimer. In fact, a monoiodide also enjoys a role in the Al–I system, although the compound AlI is unstable at room temperature relative to the triiodide:^[8]

3 AlI \to AlI 3 + 2 Al

An illustrative derivative of aluminium monoiodide is the cyclic adduct formed with triethylamine, Al₄I₄(NEt₃)₄.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Haynes, William M., ed (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.45. ISBN 1439855110.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Perry, Dale L. (19 April 2016). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition. CRC Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=SFD30BvPBhoC&pg=PA8.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Troyanov, Sergey I.; Krahl, Thoralf; Kemnitz, Erhard (2004). "Crystal structures of $GaX 3 (X= Cl, Br, I)$ and $AlI 3$ ". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 219 (2–2004): 88–92. doi:10.1524/zkri.219.2.88.26320.
↑ Schmidt, Horst; Hennings, Erik; Voigt, Wolfgang (2014). "Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. III. Water-rich aluminium halide hydrates: AlCl₃·15H₂O, AlBr₃·15H₂O, AlI₃·15H₂O, AlI₃·17H₂O and AlBr₃·9H₂O". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70 (9): 882–888. doi:10.1107/S2053229614014302. PMID 25186362.
↑ Gugelchuk, M. (2004). "Aluminum Iodide". in L. Paquette. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ra083. ISBN 0471936235.
↑ Watt, George W; Hall, James L; Taylor, William Lloyd; Kleinberg, Jacob (1953). "Aluminum Iodide". Inorganic Syntheses. 4. pp. 117–119. doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch39. ISBN 9780470132357.
↑ Hargittai, Magdolna; Réffy, Balázs; Kolonits, Mária (2006). "An Intricate Molecule: Aluminum Triiodide. Molecular Structure of $AlI 3$ and $Al 2 I 6$ from Electron Diffraction and Computation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 110 (10): 3770–3777. doi:10.1021/jp056498e. PMID 16526661.
↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.

External links

HI																	He
LiI	BeI₂											BI₃	CI₄	NI₃	I₂O₄, I₂O₅, I₄O₉	IF, IF₃, IF₅, IF₇	Ne
NaI	MgI₂											AlI₃	SiI₄	PI₃, P₂I₄	S	ICl, ICl₃	Ar
KI	CaI₂	Sc	TiI₄	VI₃	CrI₃	MnI₂	FeI₂	CoI₂	NiI₂	CuI	ZnI₂	Ga₂I₆	GeI₂, GeI₄	AsI₃	Se	IBr	Kr
RbI	SrI₂	YI₃	ZrI₄	NbI₅	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	AgI	CdI₂	InI₃	SnI₄, SnI₂	SbI₃	TeI₄	I	Xe
CsI	BaI₂		HfI₄	TaI₅	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	AuI	Hg₂I₂, HgI₂	TlI	PbI₂	BiI₃	Po	AtI	Rn
Fr	RaI₂		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Nh	Fl	Mc	Lv	Ts	Og
		↓
		La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	SmI₂	Eu	Gd	TbI₃	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
		Ac	ThI₄	Pa	UI₃, UI₄	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	EsI₃	Fm	Md	No	Lr

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium iodide. Read more

[b92-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Haynes, William M., ed (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.45. ISBN 1439855110.

[Perry2016-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Perry, Dale L. (19 April 2016). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition. CRC Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=SFD30BvPBhoC&pg=PA8.

[TroyanovKrahl2004-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Troyanov, Sergey I.; Krahl, Thoralf; Kemnitz, Erhard (2004). "Crystal structures of $GaX 3 (X= Cl, Br, I)$ and $AlI 3$ ". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 219 (2–2004): 88–92. doi:10.1524/zkri.219.2.88.26320.

[4] Schmidt, Horst; Hennings, Erik; Voigt, Wolfgang (2014). "Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. III. Water-rich aluminium halide hydrates: AlCl₃·15H₂O, AlBr₃·15H₂O, AlI₃·15H₂O, AlI₃·17H₂O and AlBr₃·9H₂O". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70 (9): 882–888. doi:10.1107/S2053229614014302. PMID 25186362.

[5] Gugelchuk, M. (2004). "Aluminum Iodide". in L. Paquette. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ra083. ISBN 0471936235.

[6] Watt, George W; Hall, James L; Taylor, William Lloyd; Kleinberg, Jacob (1953). "Aluminum Iodide". Inorganic Syntheses. 4. pp. 117–119. doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch39. ISBN 9780470132357.

[HargittaiRéffy2006-7] Hargittai, Magdolna; Réffy, Balázs; Kolonits, Mária (2006). "An Intricate Molecule: Aluminum Triiodide. Molecular Structure of $AlI 3$ and $Al 2 I 6$ from Electron Diffraction and Computation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 110 (10): 3770–3777. doi:10.1021/jp056498e. PMID 16526661.

[8] Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.

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