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Antipsychotic ester

Topic: Chemistry

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 5 min

Short description: Type of medication
Haloperidol decanoate, an antipsychotic ester.

An antipsychotic ester is an ester of an antipsychotic.[1] They are used clinically as prodrugs to increase fat solubility and thereby prolong duration when antipsychotics are used as depot injectables.[1]

List of clinically used antipsychotic esters

Typical antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics

Pharmacology

v · d · e Pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable antipsychotics
Medication Brand name Class Vehicle Dosage Tmax t1/2 single t1/2 multiple logPc Ref
Aripiprazole lauroxil Aristada Atypical Watera 441–1064 mg/4–8 weeks 24–35 days ? 54–57 days 7.9–10.0
Aripiprazole monohydrate Abilify Maintena Atypical Watera 300–400 mg/4 weeks 7 days ? 30–47 days 4.9–5.2
Bromperidol decanoate Impromen Decanoas Typical Sesame oil 40–300 mg/4 weeks 3–9 days ? 21–25 days 7.9 [2]
Clopentixol decanoate Sordinol Depot Typical Viscoleob 50–600 mg/1–4 weeks 4–7 days ? 19 days 9.0 [3]
Flupentixol decanoate Depixol Typical Viscoleob 10–200 mg/2–4 weeks 4–10 days 8 days 17 days 7.2–9.2 [3][4]
Fluphenazine decanoate Prolixin Decanoate Typical Sesame oil 12.5–100 mg/2–5 weeks 1–2 days 1–10 days 14–100 days 7.2–9.0 [5][6][7]
Fluphenazine enanthate Prolixin Enanthate Typical Sesame oil 12.5–100 mg/1–4 weeks 2–3 days 4 days ? 6.4–7.4 [6]
Fluspirilene Imap, Redeptin Typical Watera 2–12 mg/1 week 1–8 days 7 days ? 5.2–5.8 [8]
Haloperidol decanoate Haldol Decanoate Typical Sesame oil 20–400 mg/2–4 weeks 3–9 days 18–21 days 7.2–7.9 [9][10]
Olanzapine pamoate Zyprexa Relprevv Atypical Watera 150–405 mg/2–4 weeks 7 days ? 30 days –
Oxyprothepin decanoate Meclopin Typical ? ? ? ? ? 8.5–8.7
Paliperidone palmitate Invega Sustenna Atypical Watera 39–819 mg/4–12 weeks 13–33 days 25–139 days ? 8.1–10.1
Perphenazine decanoate Trilafon Dekanoat Typical Sesame oil 50–200 mg/2–4 weeks ? ? 27 days 8.9
Perphenazine enanthate Trilafon Enanthate Typical Sesame oil 25–200 mg/2 weeks 2–3 days ? 4–7 days 6.4–7.2 [11]
Pipotiazine palmitate Piportil Longum Typical Viscoleob 25–400 mg/4 weeks 9–10 days ? 14–21 days 8.5–11.6 [4]
Pipotiazine undecylenate Piportil Medium Typical Sesame oil 100–200 mg/2 weeks ? ? ? 8.4
Risperidone Risperdal Consta Atypical Microspheres 12.5–75 mg/2 weeks 21 days ? 3–6 days –
Zuclopentixol acetate Clopixol Acuphase Typical Viscoleob 50–200 mg/1–3 days 1–2 days 1–2 days 4.7–4.9
Zuclopentixol decanoate Clopixol Depot Typical Viscoleob 50–800 mg/2–4 weeks 4–9 days ? 11–21 days 7.5–9.0
Note: All by intramuscular injection. Footnotes: a = Microcrystalline or nanocrystalline aqueous suspension. b = Low-viscosity vegetable oil (specifically fractionated coconut oil with medium-chain triglycerides). c = Predicted, from PubChem and DrugBank. Sources: Main: See template.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The pharmacokinetics of long-acting antipsychotic medications". Current Clinical Pharmacology 9 (3): 310–7. 2014. doi:10.2174/15748847113089990051. PMID 23343447. 
  2. ↑ "Long-term treatment of chronic psychotics with bromperidol decanoate: clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation.". Current Therapeutic Research 34 (1): 1–6. 1983. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. III. Serum levels". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum 279: 41–54. 1980. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07082.x. PMID 6931472. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Anxiolytic sedatives, hypnotics and neuroleptics.". Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (30th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. 1993. pp. 364–623. 
  5. ↑ "Future of depot neuroleptic therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 45 (5 Pt 2): 50–9. May 1984. PMID 6143748. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Kinetics of fluphenazine after fluphenazine dihydrochloride, enanthate and decanoate administration to man". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 7 (4): 325–31. April 1979. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00941.x. PMID 444352. 
  7. ↑ "Explaining the pharmacokinetics of fluphenazine through computer simulations. (Abstract.)". 19th Annual Midyear Clinical Meeting of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists.. Dallas, Texas. 1984. 
  8. ↑ "The pharmacology of fluspirilene (R 6218), a potent, long-acting and injectable neuroleptic drug". Arzneimittel-Forschung 20 (11): 1689–98. November 1970. PMID 4992598. 
  9. ↑ "Haloperidol decanoate. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in psychosis". Drugs 33 (1): 31–49. January 1987. doi:10.2165/00003495-198733010-00002. PMID 3545764. 
  10. ↑ "Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate. A 2-year follow-up". International Pharmacopsychiatry 17 (4): 238–46. 1982. doi:10.1159/000468580. PMID 7185768. 
  11. ↑ "On the pharmacokinetics of perphenazine: a clinical study of perphenazine enanthate and decanoate.". Current Therapeutic Research 36 (6): 1071–88. 1984. 




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