Barium nitrate

Barium nitrate
Names
	Other names Barium dinitrate, barium salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	10022-31-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:190440;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3184584;
ChemSpider	23184 ;
EC Number	233-020-5;
PubChem CID	24798;
RTECS number	CQ9625000;
UNII	MDC5SW56XC ;
UN number	1446
	InChI InChI=1S/Ba.2NO3/c;22-1(3)4/q+2;2-1 Key: IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/Ba.2NO2/c;22-1(3)4/q+2;2-1 Key: IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYAA;
	SMILES [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	Ba(NO; 3); 2
Molar mass	261.335 g·mol−1
Appearance	white, lustrous crystals
Odor	odorless
Density	3.24 g/cm3
Melting point	592 °C (1,098 °F; 865 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	4.95 g/100mL (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)); 10.5 g/100mL (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K)); 34.4 g/100mL (100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)); [citation needed]
Solubility in acetone	slightly soluble
Solubility in ethanol	slightly soluble
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−66.5×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.5659
Structure
Crystal structure	cubic
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	151.4 J/(mol K)
Std molar; entropy (So298)	214 J/(mol K)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-988 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H272, H301, H319, H332
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+310+330Script error: No such module "Preview warning".Category:GHS errors, P304+340+312Script error: No such module "Preview warning".Category:GHS errors, P305+351+338, P337+313, P370+378, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 3 2 OX
Threshold limit value (TLV)	0.5 mg/m3 (TWA)
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	50–300 mg/kg (rat, female, oral)
LDLo (lowest published)	79 mg/kg (rabbit, oral, as barium); 421 mg/kg (dog, oral, as barium);
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):Template:Chembox NIOSH (set)/formatPocketGuideLink
PEL (Permissible)	0.5 mg/m3 (TWA)
REL (Recommended)	0.5 mg/m3 (TWA)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	50 mg/m3
Related compounds
Other anions	Barium carbonate; Barium chloride; Barium sulfate;
Other cations	Calcium nitrate; Strontium nitrate;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound of barium with the nitrate anion, having the chemical formula Ba(NO
3)
2. It, like most barium salts, is colorless, toxic, and water-soluble. It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics.^[5]

Manufacture, occurrence, and reactions

Barium nitrate is manufactured by two processes that start with the main source material for barium, the carbonate. The first involves dissolving barium carbonate in nitric acid, allowing any iron impurities to precipitate, then filtered, evaporated, and crystallized. The second requires combining barium sulfide with nitric acid.^[5]

It occurs naturally as the very rare mineral nitrobarite.^[6]^[7]

At elevated temperatures, barium nitrate decomposes to barium oxide:^{[citation needed]}

2 Ba(NO
3)
2 → 2 BaO + 4 NO
2 + O
2

Applications

Barium nitrate is used in the production of BaO-containing materials. It is also used in the vacuum tube industry.^{[citation needed]}

Military

Although no longer produced, Baratol is an explosive composed of barium nitrate, TNT and binder; the high density of barium nitrate results in baratol being quite dense as well. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder is a sometimes-used formula for flash powder, and is highly explosive.^{[citation needed]}

It is mixed with thermite to form Thermate-TH3, used in military thermite grenades. Barium nitrate was also a primary ingredient in the "SR 365" incendiary charge used by the British in the De Wilde incendiary ammunition with which they armed their interceptor fighters, such as the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire, during the Battle of Britain.^[8]

Safety

Like all soluble barium compounds, barium nitrate is toxic by ingestion or inhalation.^[3]^[2]

Solutions of sulfate salts such as Epsom salts or sodium sulfate may be given as first aid for barium poisoning, as they precipitate the barium as the insoluble (and non-toxic) barium sulfate.^{[citation needed]}

Inhalation may also cause irritation to the respiratory tract and baritosis.

While skin or eye contact is less harmful than ingestion or inhalation, it can still result in irritation, itching, redness, and pain.^{[citation needed]}