Sodium butyrate

Sodium butyrate
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Sodium butanoate
	Other names Sodium butyrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	156-54-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:64103 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL62381 ;
ChemSpider	8727 ;
PubChem CID	5222465;
UNII	8RAS91C36W ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H8O2.Na/c1-2-3-4(5)6;/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6);/q;+1/p-1;
	SMILES CCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+];
Properties
Chemical formula	CH; 3CH; 2CH; 2COONa
Molar mass	110.088 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Sodium butyrate is a compound with formula CH
3CH
2CH
2COO−
Na+
. It is the sodium salt of butyric acid. It has various effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation and induction or repression of gene expression.^[1] As such, it can be used in lab to bring about any of these effects. Specifically, butyrate treatment of cells results in histone hyperacetylation, and butyrate itself inhibits class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity,^[2] specifically HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and butyrate can be used in determining histone deacetylene in chromatin structure and function. Inhibition of HDAC activity is estimated to affect the expression of only 2% of mammalian genes.^[3]

In the lab, sodium butyrate is usually found as a white, water-soluble, crystalline solid. The chemical is notable for having a very strong, unpleasant smell that lingers.^[4] When working with sodium butyrate, gloves, eye protection and respiratory masks are advised for safety purposes.^[5]

The compound is found in human diet, notably produced in large amounts from dietary fiber in the gut and present in Parmesan cheese and butter.^[6] Nevertheless, the most common source of sodium butyrate in the gut is from consumption of legumes.^[7]

In the field of dietary supplements, sodium butyrate (CAS No. 156-54-7) is used as an ingredient in formulations designed to support gut health. Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid and has been linked to the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the gut microbiome. In human food products, sodium butyrate is frequently used in capsule form.^[8]

References

↑ Kruh, Jacques (1981). "Effects of sodium butyrate, a new pharmacological agent, on cells in culture". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 42 (2): 65–82. doi:10.1007/BF00222695. PMID 6174854.
↑ Candido, E; Reeves, Raymond; Davie, James R. (1978). "Sodium butyrate inhibits histone deacetylation in cultured cells". Cell 14 (1): 105–13. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(78)90305-7. PMID 667927.
↑ Davie, James R. (2003). "Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity by Butyrate". The Journal of Nutrition 133 (7 Suppl): 2485S–2493S. doi:10.1093/jn/133.7.2485s. PMID 12840228. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12840228.
↑ "Sodium butanoate | 156-54-7". http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB7391358.htm.
↑ "Sodium butyrate ≥98.5% (GC) | Sigma-Aldrich". http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/b5887?lang=en&region=AU.
↑ Li, Huating; Gao, Zhanguo; Zhang, Jin; Ye, Xin; Xu, Aimin; Ye, Jianping; Jia, Weiping (1 April 2012). "Sodium Butyrate Stimulates Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Liver by Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 3". Diabetes 61 (4): 797–806. doi:10.2337/db11-0846. PMID 22338096. PMC 3314370. https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/61/4/797. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
↑ Buettner, Dan (22 May 2015). "Want Great Longevity and Health? It Takes a Village". https://www.wsj.com/articles/want-great-longevity-and-health-it-takes-a-village-1432304395.
↑ "LomaBiome® Sodium Butyrate" (in en). https://www.lohmann-minerals.com/products/product-finder/lomabiomer-sodium-butyrate/.

Sodium butyrate

Topic: Chemistry

See also

References

Further reading