Cloud Computing Manifesto

The Cloud Computing Manifesto is a manifesto containing a "public declaration of principles and intentions" for cloud computing providers and vendors,^[1] annotated as "a call to action for the worldwide cloud community" and "dedicated belief that the cloud should be open".^[2] It follows the earlier development of the Cloud Computing Bill of Rights which addresses similar issues from the users' point of view.^[3]

The document was developed "by way of an open community consensus process"^[1] in response to a request by Microsoft that "any 'manifesto' should be created, from its inception, through an open mechanism like a Wiki, for public debate and comment, all available through a Creative Commons license".^[4] Accordingly, it is hosted on a MediaWiki wiki and licensed under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 license.^[1]

The original, controversial version of the document called the Open Cloud Manifesto was sharply criticised by Microsoft who "spoke out vehemently against it"^[5] for being developed in secret by a "shadowy group of IT industry companies",^[6] raising questions about conflicts of interest^[7] and resulting in extensive media coverage over the following days.^[8][9][10] A pre-announcement commits to the official publication of this document on 30 March 2009 (in spite of calls to publish it earlier^[11]), at which time the identities of the signatories ("several of the largest technology companies and organizations" led by IBM^[12] along with OMG^[13] and believed also to include Cisco, HP,^[12] and Sun Microsystems^[14][15]) is said to be revealed.^[16] Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Salesforce.com are among those known to have rejected the document by declining to be signatories.^[17][18] The document was leaked by Geva Perry in a blog post on 27 March 2009^[19] and confirmed to be authentic shortly afterwards.^[20]

The authors of both public and private documents have agreed to "work to bring together the best points of each effort".^[21]

Controversy

The Open Cloud Manifesto version, developed in private by a secret consortium^[15][22] of companies, was prematurely revealed by Microsoft's Senior Director of Developer Platform Product Management, Steve Martin on 26 March 2009. They claim that they were "privately shown a copy of the document, warned that it was a secret, and told that it must be signed 'as is,' without modifications or additional input", a point which is disputed by Reuven Cohen (originally believed to be the document's author).^[23][24] Some commentators found it ironic that Microsoft should speak out in support of open standards^[25] while others felt that their criticism was justified,^[26][27] comparing it to the "long, ugly war over WS-I".^[28] The call for open cloud standards was later echoed by Brandon Watson, Microsoft's Director of Cloud Services Ecosystem.^[29][30]

Principles

The following principles are defined by the document:^[1]

1. User centric systems enrich the lives of individuals, education, communication, collaboration, business, entertainment and society as a whole; the end user is the primary stakeholder in cloud computing.
2. Philanthropic initiatives can greatly increase the well-being of mankind; they should be enabled or enhanced by cloud computing where possible.
3. Openness of standards, systems and software empowers and protects users; existing standards should be adopted where possible for the benefit of all stakeholders.
4. Transparency fosters trust and accountability; decisions should be open to public collaboration and scrutiny and never be made "behind closed doors".
5. Interoperability ensures effectiveness of cloud computing as a public resource; systems must be interoperable over a minimal set of community defined standards and vendor lock-in must be avoided.
6. Representation of all stakeholders is essential; interoperability and standards efforts should not be dominated by vendor(s).
7. Discrimination against any party for any reason is unacceptable; barriers to entry must be minimised.
8. Evolution is an ongoing process in an immature market; standards may take some time to develop and coalesce but activities should be coordinated and collaborative.
9. Balance of commercial and consumer interests is paramount; if in doubt consumer interests prevail.
10. Security is fundamental, not optional.

See also

• Cloud computing
• List of Web service specifications

References

External links

• Cloud Computing Manifesto in the Cloud Computing Community wiki
• Open Cloud Manifesto leaked document
• A Manifesto for Future Generation Cloud Computing: Research Directions for the Next Decade

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