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American Electric Power

Topic: Company

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 14 min
Short description: United States utility company
American Electric Power Company, Inc.
TypePublic
  • NYSE: AEP
  • DJUA component
  • S&P 500 component
IndustryElectric utilities
PredecessorOriginally American Gas and Electric Company (AG&E), formed in 1906 from Electric Company of America. Became American Electric Power in 1958; merged with Central and Southwest Corporation in 2000.
Founded1906
Headquarters1 Riverside Plaza, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.
Area served
  • AEP Ohio: Ohio
  • AEP Texas: Texas
  • Appalachian Power: Tennessee , Virginia, West Virginia
  • Indiana Michigan Power: Indiana , Michigan
  • Kentucky Power: Kentucky
  • PSO: Oklahoma
  • SWEPCO: Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas
Key people
Nick Akins (CEO)
ProductsElectricity generation
Electric power transmission
Electricity distribution
Revenue
  • Increase US$ 15.357 billion (2013) [1]
  • Decrease US$ 14.945 billion (2012) [1]
  • Increase US$ 2.855 billion (2013) [1]
  • Decrease US$ 2.656 billion (2012) [1]
  • Increase US$ 1.48 billion (2013) [1]
  • Decrease US$ 1.259 billion (2012) [1]
Total assets
  • Increase US$ 56.414 billion (2013) [2]
  • Increase US$ 54.367 billion (2012) [1]
Total equity
  • Increase US$ 16.086 billion (2013) [2]
  • Increase US$ 15.237 billion (2012) [2]
Number of employees
17,666[3] (2017)
Websitewww.aep.com

American Electric Power (AEP) is a major investor-owned electric utility in the United States of America, delivering electricity to more than five million customers in 11 states.[citation needed]

AEP ranks among the nation's largest generators of electricity, owning nearly 38,000 megawatts of generating capacity in the U.S. AEP also owns the nation's largest electricity transmission system, a nearly 39,000-mile (63,000 km) network that includes 765 kilovolt ultra-high voltage transmission lines, more than all other U.S. transmission systems combined.[4] AEP's transmission system directly or indirectly serves about 10 percent of the electricity demand in the Eastern Interconnection, the interconnected transmission system that covers 38 eastern and central U.S. states and eastern Canada , and approximately 11 percent of the electricity demand in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, the transmission system that covers much of Texas.

AEP's utility units operate as AEP Ohio, AEP Texas, Appalachian Power (in Virginia, West Virginia, and Tennessee), Indiana Michigan Power, Kentucky Power, Public Service Company of Oklahoma, and Southwestern Electric Power Company (in Arkansas, Louisiana and east Texas). AEP's headquarters are in Columbus, Ohio.

American Electric Power was the first utility to utilize 345 kV transmission lines which took place in 1953. The company ranked 185th on the 2018 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue.[5]

The AEP Building, its headquarters in Columbus, Ohio

Subsidiaries

The company is divided into seven major geographic local operating companies:

AEP Ohio

AEP Ohio serves 1.5 million customers in central, southern and northwestern Ohio. For years, it consisted of two operating companies, Ohio Power and Columbus Southern Power. However, in 2014, Columbus Southern was merged into Ohio Power, leaving Ohio Power as the legal operating company for regulatory purposes.

AEP Texas

AEP Texas was formed from a merger of various predecessor utilities, and joined AEP as part of its acquisition of Central and South West Corporation in 1997. It consists of AEP Texas North Company (formerly West Texas Utilities), which operates in west Texas, and AEP Texas Central Company (formerly Central Power and Light), which operates in south Texas.[6][7]

Appalachian Power

Appalachian Power (APCO) is based in Charleston, West Virginia and owns the naming rights to Appalachian Power Park in Charleston. APCO serves about one million customers in central and Southern West Virginia, the West Virginia Panhandle, Southwest Virginia and parts of Northeast Tennessee, specifically Kingsport. Cities in the Appalachian Power service territory include Wheeling, Charleston and Huntington, West Virginia; Roanoke, Virginia and Kingsport.

Until the 21st century, AEP's operations in Tennessee were part of a separate operating company, Kingsport Power Company. However, since the turn of the millennium, Kingsport Power's operations have been almost completely merged with those of Appalachian Power. While Kingsport Power still legally exists, the Kingsport Power name is almost never used anymore except for regulatory formality. AEP considers Appalachian Power to be the operating company in Kingsport.

Wheeling Power, based in Wheeling, was long treated as a de facto part of Ohio Power, but is now treated as part of Appalachian Power.

Indiana Michigan Power

Indiana Michigan Power (I&M) serves northeastern and east central Indiana, including Muncie and Fort Wayne; and parts of north central Indiana and southwest Michigan, including South Bend, St. Joseph, Benton Harbor and Three Rivers.[8] The Donald C. Cook nuclear power plant is located in I&M's territory.[9]

Kentucky Power

Kentucky Power serves most of Eastern Kentucky, the area abutting the Appalachian Power service area, including communities of Pikeville, Hazard and Ashland. Kentucky Power headquarters is in Ashland and they maintain a government relations office in Frankfort, Kentucky.[10]

Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO)

PSO was one of the four CSW operating companies when CSW merged with AEP.[11] Incorporated in 1913, PSO serves approximately 540,000 customers in eastern and southwestern Oklahoma. Its headquarters are in Tulsa. PSO has 4,269 megawatts of generating capacity and provides electricity to 232 cities and towns across a service area encompassing 30,000 square miles.[12]

In April 2014, Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin signed into law an AEP-backed bill that would add a tax onto anyone in the state who adopted rooftop solar.[13] This anti-solar legislation was headed by Rep. Mike Turner (Oklahoma politician) (R. Edmond), known for both his support of ending rooftop solar and legislation he introduced to end all marriage in the state. After partnering with AEP to pass the legislation, Rep. Turner suffered a failed federal congressional race.[14]

Southwestern Electric Power Company

Often called SWEPCO, the Southwestern Electric Power Company serves most of western Arkansas, northwestern Louisiana, and northeastern Texas . Like PSO, it was one of the four CSW Operating Companies.[11]

Between 2013 and 2014, AEP, under subsidiary SWEPCO, tried to eliminate a fundamental solar policy, net metering, at the LPSC several times, and failed each time. SWEPCO also backed openly anti-solar candidate Eric Skrmetta, who has been widely criticized for receiving 2/3 of his campaign contributions from entities he regulates.[15]

In Arkansas, SWEPCO is expected in 2015 to ask regulators to allow them to pass along the costs of building and running the John W. Turk Jr. Coal Plant, the most expensive project in state history, to Arkansas ratepayers. This process is expected to elicit similar controversy to what has plagued the plant since construction.[16]

Other subsidiaries

AEP also bought much of the town of Cheshire, Ohio, where the Gavin Power Plant is located, due to pollution issues.[17] In 2004, AEP announced their plans to build one, or more, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) coal-fired power plant which is expected to reduce emissions while providing additional electricity capacity to the customers served by AEP.[18]

The company also operates its own inland barge line, AEP River Operations (formerly MEMCO Barge Line), and owns major tracts of land throughout its service areas.

In August 2008, AEP has formed a joint venture company with Duke Energy to build and own new electric transmission assets.[19]

It is the largest shareholder in the Ohio Valley Electric Corporation (OVEC). OVEC is an associate company of AEP, not a subsidiary, because AEP owns less than half of it.

Nuclear

AEP owns and operates the Donald C. Cook nuclear power plant. This accounts for 6% of the generation portfolio.

Hybrid technology

AEP is expanding its green efforts to include 18 more International DuraStar hybrid diesel trucks.[20] AEP is also teaming with Ford for the integration of a Vehicle-To-Power grid communication system, which allows hybrid vehicles to communicate with power companies to determine where, how long, and what it would cost to re-charge a hybrid during travel.[21]

Solar and wind energy

In 2009, AEP signed a deal with Wyandot Solar LLC to purchase power from one of the largest solar fields in the eastern United States of America, based in Upper Sandusky, Ohio.[22]

AEP owns and operates the Desert Sky Wind Farm and the Trent Wind Farm.[23]

In 2009, AEP partnered with other energy companies in commissioning a study of how to transmit wind energy generated in the Upper Midwest to consumers in the East.[24]

In 2017, Invenergy and GE announced plans for the $4.5 billion, 2,000 MW Wind Catcher (a/k/a Windcatcher) project on a 300,000-acre site in Cimarron and Texas counties in the Oklahoma Panhandle, which would have been among the world's largest wind farms when completed in 2020.[25][26] AEP utility subsidiaries PSO and SWEPCO asked utility regulators in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas and Oklahoma to approve plans to purchase the wind farm from Invenergy upon completion of construction.[25] However, the project ran into opposition and was finally cancelled in July 2018.[26]

PSO was approved in early 2020 by regulators in Oklahoma to own a 45.5% share of a massive 1,485 megawatt wind project known as the North Central Energy Facilities, with SWEPCO owning the rest.[27] The project includes three wind farms covering areas in Alfalfa, Blaine, Custer, Kingfisher, Garfield, Major and Woods counties of Oklahoma.[27] Approval followed in Arkansas and Louisiana in May; however, the Texas Public Utility Commission denied the plan for the 309 megawatts intended for that state.[28] Nevertheless, PSO and SWEPCO decided to go forward with the project, with Oklahoma to receive 675 megawatts, Louisiana 464 megawatts, and Arkansas 268 megawatts.[28] The projects will be completed in the 2020-2021 timeframe.[28] The North Central project differed from the abandoned Wind Catcher plan in that Wind Catcher envisioned a new 765-kilovolt transmission line which would have run hundreds of miles in Oklahoma, while the North Central facilities are near an existing PSO/SWEPCO transmission system.[29] Also, the North Central was scalable, so that the states which approved the project could increase the number of megawatts allocated to them if/when another state rejected the proposal.[29]

PATH Proposal

In 2007, AEP teamed with Allegheny Energy to propose the US$1.8 billion[30][31] (changed to US$2.1 billion in 2011[32]) Potomac-Appalachian Transmission Highline (PATH), a 290-mile (470 km), 765  kilovolt transmission line that would run through West Virginia, Virginia, and Maryland. According to Joe Denault, a volunteer spokesperson for the proposal, the PATH proposal would incorporate new technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 380,000 short tons (340,000 t) a year; allow for the transmission of renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric; and generate 5,700 jobs, with $420 million in employee compensation annually.[33] However, many of these claims are disputed[34] and the proposal must pass several legal hurdles before moving forward.[35] On August 24, 2012, PJM Interconnection officially removed the PATH project from its long-range expansion plans, citing a slow economy for reducing the projected growth in electricity use.[36]

History

The American Gas and Electric Company, which would be renamed American Electric Power in 1958, was incorporated in 1906.[37] It replaced Electric Company of America, a holding company that had existed since 1899. It built "the first plant in the world to reheat steam to do double duty in the process of generating electricity"[37] at the Philo Power Plant in Philo, Ohio in 1923. Several of its holdings were divested following the passage of the Public Utility Holding Company Act in 1935; these holdings would include Atlantic City Electric (now a subsidiary of Exelon) and Scranton Electric (since absorbed by PPL).[38] However, it retained its Central System, which ran between Michigan and Virginia. It moved its headquarters from New York City to Columbus, Ohio in the 1980s. On May 1, 1999, The North American electric power industry tested and cleared 75 percent of the U.S. electricity system for compliance with the Year 2000 computer glitch.[39] On August 31, 2004, American Electric Power Company's $10 billion acquisition of the Central and South West Corporation was approved.[40]

Acquisitions

  • 1922 Indiana and Michigan Electric
  • 1924 American Electric Power Company, a Philadelphia holding company
  • 1925 Appalachian Power Company
  • 1948 Indiana Service Corporation of Fort Wayne
  • 1980 Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Company
  • 1997 Central and South West Corporation (completed in 2000)[41]

Ownership

As of 2017 American Electric Power shares are mainly held by institutional investors, and large Single Family Offices (Vanguard group, BlackRock, State Street Corporation, and others[42])

Environmental record

The Political Economy Research Institute ranks American Electric Power 45th among corporations emitting airborne pollutants in the United States. The ranking is based on the quantity (91,000,000 pounds (41,000 t) in 2005) and toxicity of the emissions.[43] Major pollutants include sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, and chromium, manganese and nickel compounds.[44] Overall, electric power plants, such as those operated by AEP, account for almost "70 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions each year and 30 percent of nitrogen oxides emissions." Individually, these pollutants cause serious respiratory damage and other illnesses; when combined, they create what's known as acid rain, which causes long term damage to the environment and deterioration of natural and man-made structures.[45] Environmental Protection Agency has named American Electric a potentially responsible party at the Green River Disposal Inc. Superfund toxic waste site.[46]

In February 2018, AEP announced plans to reduce carbon emissions 80 percent by 2050 through increased use of renewables, natural gas and energy efficiency.[47]

In August 2018, AEP started a program in Ohio that incentivizes the installation of electric vehicle infrastructure by investing $10 million for the installation of up to 375 electric vehicle charging stations. According to Utility DIVE, "The program is part of a wave of EV charging rollouts utilities are spearheading in an effort to spur EV adoption."[48]

Justice Department lawsuit

The United States Justice Department filed a lawsuit on November 3, 1999, against AEP and six other companies for violating the Clean Air Act. On October 8, 2007, AEP agreed to install US$4.6 billion in equipment to reduce emission, as well as pay a US$15 million civil fine and provide US$36 million for environmental projects and $24 million for environmental mitigation.[49][50] The company will cut 813,000 short tons (738,000 t) of air pollutants annually once all of the controls are installed.[51] According to the press release, the agreement imposes caps on emissions of pollutants from 16 plants located in five states. The facilities are located in Moundsville (two facilities), St. Albans, Glasgow, and New Haven (two facilities), West Virginia; Louisa, Kentucky; Glen Lyn and Carbo, Virginia; Brilliant, Conesville, Cheshire, Lockbourne, and Beverly, Ohio; and Rockport and Lawrenceburg, Indiana .

Attempt to Halt Solar Energy

AEP has come under criticism in many of the states they operate in for attacking rooftop solar. They have specifically attempted to halt distributed solar in Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.[52][53]

Political influence

AEP's political action committee, the American Electric Power Committee for Responsible Government, has increased spending since the 1998 election cycle, reaching $1.4 million in contributions in 2007–2008.[54] Also in 2008, American Electric Power significantly increased lobbying expenditures from less than $2 million a year to over $11 million, as climate legislation became a key issue in Washington. As of December 2011, lobbying expenses remained between $6 million and $10 million per year.[55]

In 2009, AEP CEO Michael G. Morris contributed $100,000 to Newt Gingrich's American Solutions for Winning the Future, which supports increased oil drilling and opposes mandatory limits on greenhouse gas pollution.[56] American Electric Power is also a member of the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, a lobbying and marketing organization which opposes former President Obama's climate and clean energy legislation.[57]

Paul Loeffelman, AEP director of environmental public policy, served as co-chair of the ALEC Energy, Environment, and Agriculture task force, which in 2012 adopted model legislation entitled the "Electricity Freedom Act", designed to repeal state-level mandates requiring electric utilities to produce some of their electricity from renewable sources.[58] In 2013, ALEC-affiliated legislators introduced bills in 13 states designed to weaken or repeal renewable energy mandates. None of the bills passed in 2013.[59]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CO INC 2013 Annual Report Form (10-K)" (XBRL). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. February 25, 2014. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4904/000000490414000019/0000004904-14-000019-index.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CO INC 2014 Q1 Quarterly Report Form (10-Q)" (XBRL). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. April 25, 2014. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4904/000000490414000049/0000004904-14-000049-index.htm. 
  3. ↑ "AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER 2017 10-K, Filing Date Feb 23, 2018". secdatabase.com. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4904/000000490418000009/aep10klegal20174q.htm. Retrieved July 30, 2018. 
  4. ↑ "American Electric Power, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Oct 24, 2012". secdatabase.com. http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2405/0001144204-12-057435.pdf. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  5. ↑ "Fortune 500 Companies 2018". fortune.com. http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/. Retrieved March 18, 2019. 
  6. ↑ "AEP Texas Facts". AEP Texas. https://www.aeptexas.com/info/facts/Facts.aspx. Retrieved May 29, 2012. 
  7. ↑ "CSW Electric". Archived from the original on 9 January 1997. https://web.archive.org/web/19970109114805/http://www.csw.com/ele/hmpg/ele.html. Retrieved 26 September 2015. 
  8. ↑ "I&M Service Territory". Indiana Michigan Power. https://www.indianamichiganpower.com/info/facts/serviceterritory.aspx/. Retrieved June 1, 2018. 
  9. ↑ "Cook Nuclear Plant". Indiana Michigan Power. https://www.indianamichiganpower.com/info/facts/CookNuclearPlant/Default.aspx. Retrieved June 1, 2018. 
  10. ↑ Kentucky Power Returning Headquarters to Ashland
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Order Authorizing Acquisition of Registered Holding Company and Related Transactions; Approving Amended Service Agreements; and Denying Requests for Hearing". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. June 14, 2000. https://www.sec.gov/rules/other/35-27186.htm. Retrieved May 29, 2012. "CSW has four wholly owned operating subsidiaries (together, the "CSW Operating Companies"): Central Power and Light Company ("CP&L"), serving portions of southern Texas; Public Service Company of Oklahoma ("PSO"), serving portions of eastern and southwestern Oklahoma; Southwestern Electric Power Company ("SWEPCO"), serving portions of North Texas, western Arkansas and northwestern Louisiana, and West Texas Utilities Company ("WTU"), serving portions of west-central Texas." 
  12. ↑ "Facts, Figures & Bios". https://www.psoklahoma.com/info/facts/. Retrieved 26 September 2015. 
  13. ↑ "Okla. Utilities Hit Homes Using Solar With Extra Fee". ClimateCentral. http://www.climatecentral.org/news/oklahoma-solar-surcharge-bill-becomes-law-17335. Retrieved February 18, 2015. 
  14. ↑ "News9: Oklahoma lawmakers consider preventing ALL marriage to keep same-sex marriage illegal". NewsOK. http://newsok.com/news9-oklahoma-lawmakers-consider-preventing-all-marriage-to-keep-same-sex-marriage-illegal/article/3926997. Retrieved February 18, 2015. 
  15. ↑ "Louisiana utility regulators got two-thirds of their campaign cash from industries they oversee". NOLA. http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/11/louisiana_utility_regulators_g.html. Retrieved February 18, 2015. 
  16. ↑ "SWEPCO Says Legal Challenges Turk Plant Settled". Arkansas Online. http://m.arkansasonline.com/news/2011/dec/22/swepco-says-legal-challenges-turk-plant-settled/. Retrieved March 12, 2015. 
  17. ↑ http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/apr2002/2002-04-19-06.asp
  18. ↑ "American Electric Power, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Aug 31, 2004". secdatabase.com. http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1710/490404000203/filing-main.htm. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  19. ↑ "AEP And Duke To Form Joint Venture To Build Transmission". Taume. August 12, 2008. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120216010338/http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/AEP-And-Duke-To-Form-Joint-Venture-To-Build-Transmission-6413. 
  20. ↑ "Electric Drive Transportation Association". http://www.electricdrive.org/index.php?tg=entry&idx=more&article=1806&idg=1. Retrieved 26 September 2015. 
  21. ↑ "Ford Unveils Vehicle-to-Power Grid Communication System", All Cars Electric, Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  22. ↑ "German company to build area's largest solar field in Wyandot County", Toledo Blade, Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  23. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.aep.com/environmental/education/wind/generating.aspx. 
  24. ↑ AEP, "MidAmerican Transmission Joint Venture Sponsors Study of Transmission Options to Transport Renewable Energy Across Upper Midwest", American Electric Power, Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Invenergy and GE Renewable Energy Announce America's Largest Wind Farm" (Press release). GE. July 26, 2017.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Kelly Bostian, 'It feels good to breathe again': Local opponents respond to news of Wind Catcher project cancellation after failed Texas vote, July 27, 2018". Tulsa World. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/state-and-regional/it-feels-good-to-breathe-again-local-opponents-respond-to/article_d8bd367e-7960-500d-b3e9-56e6d5fc73cd.html. Retrieved September 26, 2019. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "State gives go-ahead to share of massive wind farm project". Tulsa World, Feb 23, 2020. https://www.tulsaworld.com/state-gives-go-ahead-to-share-of-massive-wind-farm/article_3fca373a-f4be-5db1-89e7-f75829f0a980.html. Retrieved March 23, 2020. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "AEP going forward with 1.4 GW in wind projects despite TPUC rejection". Power Engineering, July 6, 2020. https://www.power-eng.com/2020/07/06/aep-going-forward-with-1-4-gw-in-wind-projects-despite-tpuc-rejection/#gref. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Coal-powered giant bets on wind. Will it work?". Edward Klump, E&E News, Thursday, February 6, 2020. https://www.eenews.net/stories/1062275889. Retrieved April 2, 2020. 
  30. ↑ "American Electric Power, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date Nov 2, 2007". secdatabase.com. http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2694/490407000187/filing-main.htm. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  31. ↑ "Allegheny Energy, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 23, 2011". secdatabase.com. http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2109/0001193125-11-043729.pdf. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  32. ↑ "American Electric Power, Form DEF 14A, Filing Date Mar 14, 2011". secdatabase.com. http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2344/0001193125-11-064957.pdf. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  33. ↑ "Putnam Rotary Club learns about PATH project", The Putnam Standard. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  34. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". Stop PATH WV, Inc.. http://www.stoppathwv.com/faq.html. Retrieved Aug 9, 2013. 
  35. ↑ ""StopPATH WV to host landowners’ meeting"". http://www.journal-news.net/page/content.detail/id/542137.html. 
  36. ↑ "Jersey Central Power Light, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date Dec 11, 2012". secdatabase.com. http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1697/0001407703-12-000003.pdf. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "History of AEP". www.aep.com. http://www.aep.com/about/history/. Retrieved May 29, 2012. 
  38. ↑ "American Electric Power Co., Inc.". http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/lehman/company.html?company=american_electric_power_co_inc. Retrieved 26 September 2015. 
  39. ↑ "BUSINESS NEWS IN BRIEF". http://www.philly.com/. 
  40. ↑ Bellafante, Ginia. "S.E.C. TO REVIEW AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER MERGER". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/. 
  41. ↑ "American Electric Power, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jun 16, 2000". secdatabase.com. http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1342/490400500002/filing-main.htm. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  42. ↑ American Electric Power Company, Inc. Ownership Summary
  43. ↑ Political Economy Research Institute Toxic 100 2008 retrieved September 1, 2008
  44. ↑ "Toxics Release Inventory courtesy rtknet.org". http://www.rtknet.org/new/tox100/toxic100.php?company1=1233&chemfac=chem&advbasic=bas. 
  45. ↑ "#090: 03-01-00 U.S. EXPANDS CLEAN AIR ACT LAWSUITS AGAINST ELECTRIC UTILITIES". http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2000/March/090enrd.htm. Retrieved 26 September 2015. 
  46. ↑ "EPA database courtesy Center for Public Integrity". http://www.publicintegrity.org/Superfund/SiteResults.aspx?act=american%20electric%20power. 
  47. ↑ Gearino, Dan (2018-02-06). "AEP details plans to reduce carbon dioxide emissions" (in en). The Columbus Dispatch. http://www.dispatch.com/business/20180206/aep-details-plans-to-reduce-carbon-dioxide-emissions. 
  48. ↑ "AEP rolls out $10M Ohio EV infrastructure incentive program" (in en-US). Utility Dive. https://www.utilitydive.com/news/aep-rolls-out-10m-ohio-ev-infrastructure-incentive-program/530383/. 
  49. ↑ "American Electric Power, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Oct 9, 2007". secdatabase.com. http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2678/0000004904-07-000171.pdf. Retrieved Jan 6, 2013. 
  50. ↑ "Sources: $4.6 billion settlement in power plant air pollution case - CNN.com". CNN. October 8, 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/law/10/08/pollution.suit.settlement/index.html. 
  51. ↑ "U.S. ANNOUNCES LARGEST SINGLE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTLEMENT IN HISTORY" (Press release). US EPS. October 9, 2007. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
  52. ↑ "Charles Trump Sides With Power Companies Against Solar". Morgan County USA. http://morgancountyusa.org/?p=1656. Retrieved February 18, 2015. 
  53. ↑ "Solar-Killing Bill Boosts Indiana Lawmaker’s Financial Interests". CleanTechnica. http://cleantechnica.com/2015/02/17/solar-killing-bill-boosts-indiana-lawmakers-financial-interests/. Retrieved February 18, 2015. 
  54. ↑ AEP PAC contributions, 2008 , OpenSecrets
  55. ↑ American Electric Power lobbying, OpenSecrets
  56. ↑ ASWF 527 form, IRS
  57. ↑ ACCCE Members , ACCCE
  58. ↑ "Energy, Environment, and Agriculture". American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). http://www.alec.org/task-forces/energy-environment-and-agriculture/. Retrieved 2013-08-09. 
  59. ↑ Matt Kasper (Aug 8, 2013). "How A Powerful Group Of Corporations Quietly Tried To Roll Back Clean Energy Standards". Climate Progress. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/08/08/2399121/corporations-clean-energy-standards/. Retrieved 2013-08-09. 

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