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Biogen

Topic: Company

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 16 min
Short description: Pharmaceutical company
Biogen Inc.
FormerlyBiogen Idec Inc.
(2003–2015)
TypePublic company
IndustryBiotechnology
Founded1978; 46 years ago (1978)
FoundersKenneth Murray
Phillip Allen Sharp
Walter Gilbert
Heinz Schaller
Charles Weissmann
HeadquartersCambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
Key people
Stelios Papadopoulos (Chairman)
Christopher Viehbacher (CEO)
ProductsAvonex, Fampyra, Plegridy, Tecfidera, Tysabri, Spinraza
RevenueDecrease US$10.17 billion (2022)
Increase US$3.59 billion (2022)
Increase US$2.96 billion (2022)
Total assetsIncrease US$24.55 billion (2022)
Total equityIncrease US$13.40 billion (2022)
Number of employees
8,725 (2022)
Websitebiogen.com
Footnotes / references
Financials (As of December 2022)[1]

Biogen Inc. is an American multinational biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, specializing in the discovery, development, and delivery of therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases to patients worldwide.[2]

History

Biogen was founded in 1978 in Geneva as Biotechnology Geneva by several prominent biologists, including Kenneth Murray from the University of Edinburgh, Phillip Allen Sharp from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Walter Gilbert from Harvard University (Gilbert served as CEO during the start-up phase of Biogen), Heinz Schaller from the University of Heidelberg, and Charles Weissmann from the University of Zurich (Weissmann contributed the first product interferon alpha).[3][4] Gilbert and Sharp were subsequently honored with Nobel Prizes: Gilbert was recognized in 1980 with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his understanding of DNA sequencing and Sharp received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1993 for his discovery of split genes.[citation needed]

In 2003, Biogen merged with San Diego, California-based IDEC Pharmaceuticals (formed in 1985 by University of California-San Diego's physicians and immunologists Ivor Royston and Robert E. Sobol, San Diego bio entrepreneur Howard Birndorf, and Stanford University cancer researchers Ron Levy and Richard Miller) and adopted the name Biogen Idec.[5][6] After the merger, Biogen Idec became the 3rd largest Biotechnology company in the world.[7]

Following shifts in research core areas, the company has since shortened its name, reverting to simply Biogen.[8] Biogen stock is a component of several stock indices such as the S&P 500, S&P 1500, and NASDAQ-100 and the company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol, BIIB.[9]

In May 2006, the company announced it would acquire cancer specialist, Conforma Therapeutics for $250 million.[10] Later in the same month, the company announced its intention to acquire Fumapharm AG, consolidating ownership of Fumaderm and BG-12, an oral fumarate, which was being studied for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.[11]

In January 2007, the company announced it would acquire Syntonix Pharmaceuticals for up to $120 million, gaining Syntonix's lead product for hemophilia B as well as the technology for developing inhalable treatments.[12][13]

In 2008, two new brain infection cases from Tysabri users surfaced in Europe that raised international concern about Tysabri and its effects with the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) brain condition. Biogen is one of the drug’s producers.[14]

In 2011, Biogen announced that its drug Fampyra received conditional marketing approval. Under the conditional approval, Biogen agrees to provide additional data on the long-term benefits and safety of Fampyra.[15]

On December 10, 2012, Biogen announced its global collaboration agreement with Isis Pharmaceuticals to develop and research antisense drugs to treat neurological and neuromuscular diseases.[16]

In February 2013, Bloomberg broke the news that Biogen was planning to pay Elan $3.25 billion for the full rights to Tysabri, used to treat multiple sclerosis.[17]

In January 2015, the company announced that it would acquire Convergence Pharmaceuticals for up to $675 million, with the acquisition aiming to accelerate the development of Convergence's pipeline, in particular CNV1014802 – a Phase II small molecule sodium channel blocking candidate.[18] In October 2015, the company announced that it would lay off 11% of its workforce, effective immediately.[19]

On May 3, 2016, Biogen announced to spin off its hemophilia business, known as Bioverativ. The hemophilia business would become an independent publicly-traded company. Bioverativ offered two hemophilia drugs in 2016, Alprolix and Eloctate, and plans on developing its Hemophilia-focused goals.[20]

In 2016, Biogen released Spinraza (nusersin), a treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. The drug is among the most expensive treatments available, with a price of $750,000 for the first year of doses, and $375,000 for each subsequent year and likely for the rest of a patient's life.[21] While there still isn’t a cure, Spinraza significantly improves the quality of life in infants and adults.

In 2017, Biogen announced that its drug Fampyra converted from conditional marketing authorization to standard marketing approval. EU multiple sclerosis (MS) patients use Fampyra to improve walking.[15]

In February 2020, Biogen and Sangamo Therapeutics announced a global licensing deal to develop compounds for neuromuscular and neurological diseases.[22]

In September 2020, Biogen Inc. made a $10 million deposit in OneUnited Bank to provide more capital to fund home loans and commercial development in Black communities.[23] In November, the company announced it would acquire a $650 million stake in Sage Therapeutics and make an upfront payment of $875 million, in order to jointly develop a number of depression treatments.[24]

Aducanumab

Main page: Chemistry:Aducanumab

In 2007, the company reached a licensing agreement with Neurimmune, a spin-off from the University of Zurich, for the Alzheimer's disease drug Aducanumab developed by this Switzerland company. Later, Neurimmune sold its rights for license fees for $200 million to Biogen.[3]

In December 2014, Biogen announced that its Aducanumab drug for Alzheimer’s treatment is preparing to go through a late-stage trial of its experimental Alzheimer's disease treatment after the medication dramatically improved cognition and reduced brain plaque levels in early-stage study.[25]

In March 2015, Biogen’s Aducanumab drug for Alzheimer’s treatment becomes the first experimental Alzheimer’s treatment to show significant results in regard to slowing down cognitive decline and reducing brain-destroying plaques.[26]

In July 2015, Biogen initiates two late-stage studies called ENGAGE and EMERGE, which will assess Aducanumab in adults with early Alzheimer's disease.[27]

In 2016, Biogen’s Aducanumab decreases amoyloid-beta in the brains of people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease, according to a report published in Nature on August 31, 2016.[28]

On March 21, 2019, Biogen announced that the Phase 3 clinical trials of Aducanumab were halted.[29]

In March 2019, Biogen announced it would acquire Nightstar Therapeutics for $25.50 per share ($800 million in total). Nightstar focus on adeno-associated virus based gene-therapies for inherited retinal disorders.[30][31] With a setback in their Alzheimer's drug research, in March 2019 Biogen's shares fell sharply.[32] It ended the trial of its drug aducanumab, which it was making along with Eisai.[33] In October 2019, however, they announced that they would pursue FDA approval for aducanumab together with Eisai.[34]

On October 22, 2019, despite two Phase 3 clinical trials being previously halted for futility, Biogen announced its plan to submit for the FDA’s approval of Aducanumab.[35]

In May 2020, Biogen wrapped up construction on a state-of-the-art facility in Solothurn, Switzerland , which will produce the Alzheimer's drug aducanumab by late 2021, alongside its North Carolina manufacturing facility. The monoclonal antibody, co-developed with Eisai, attracted considerable interest from biotech investors when Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway bought 648,447 Biogen shares at a combined value of $192.4 million.[36]

On July 8, 2020, Biogen and Eisai announced that both companies had together successfully submitted for Aducanumab’s FDA regulatory and marketing approval.[37]

On June 7, 2021, the FDA gave accelerated approval to aducanumab under the name Aduhelm,[38] which proved to be controversial.[39][40] The drug was priced at $56,000 US dollars per year but it is not covered by many insurers as they wait for further proof that the drug is effective.[41] Also the US Government will not subsidise it outside clinical trials.[42] According to the Food and Treatment Administration's website, the drug is proven to reduce amyloid-beta plaques in the brain, which is likely to benefit patients. The FDA has stated that if the post-approval trial does not indicate that Aduhelm works, the drug may be taken out of the market.[43]

Bioverativ

In May 2016, the company announced that it would spin off its hemophilia drug business (Eloctate and Alprolix) into a public company.[44] In August, the company announced that the spun off company would be called Bioverativ, in order to show heritage with Biogen.[45] The company would trade on the NASDAQ exchange under the ticker symbol BIVV[46][47] and would look to be spun off in early 2017.[48] Bioverativ was acquired by Sanofi in 2018.

Acquisition history

The following is an illustration of the company's major mergers and acquisitions and historical predecessors (this is not a comprehensive list):

Biogen
 
 
 
 
Biogen IDEC
 
 

Biogen
(Founded 1978)

 
 
 
 

IDEC Pharmaceuticals

 
 
 
 
 

Conforma Therapeutics
(Acq 2006)

 
 
 
 
 

Fumapharm AG
(Acq 2006)

 
 
 
 
 

Syntonix Pharmaceuticals
(Acq 2007)

 
 
 
 
 

Convergence Pharmaceuticals
(Acq 2015)

 
 
 
 
 

Nightstar Therapeutics
(Acq 2019)

 
 
 

COVID-19 pandemic

On March 5, 2020, Biogen reported that three individuals who met with their employees at a conference in Boston had tested positive for COVID-19 the previous week.[49] On March 6, public health officials reported five new cases associated with the Biogen leadership meeting[50][51] and by March 9, Massachusetts health officials had announced 30 new presumptive COVID-19 cases, all connected to the Biogen conference.[52][53] Researchers first estimated that the conference would be linked to over 20,000 of the state's coronavirus cases.[54][55] Researchers later estimated that up to 300,000 cases worldwide had been caused by the Biogen conference, including 1.6% of all U.S. cases of the coronavirus.[55]

Finances

For the fiscal year 2017, Biogen reported earnings of US$2.539 billion, with an annual revenue of US$12.274 billion, an increase of 7.2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Biogen's shares traded at over $289 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$63 billion in November 2018.[56] The company ranked 228 on the 2021 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.[57]

Year Revenue
in mil. USD$ 		Net income
in mil. USD$ 		Total Assets
in mil. USD$ 		Price per Share
in USD$ 		Employees
2005 2,423 161 8,382 39.89
2006 2,683 218 8,553 42.39
2007 3,172 638 8,629 52.16
2008 4,098 783 8,479 51.09
2009 4,377 970 8,552 45.11
2010 4,716 1,005 8,092 51.95
2011 5,049 1,234 9,050 84.78
2012 5,516 1,380 10,130 125.83
2013 6,932 1,862 11,863 198.43 6,850
2014 9,703 2,935 14,315 293.10 7,550
2015 10,764 3,547 19,505 324.99 7,350
2016 11,449 3,703 22,877 258.27 7,400
2017 12,274 2,539 23,653 289.19 7,300
2018[58] 13,453 4,431 25,289 7,800
2019[59] 14,378 5,889 27,234 7,400
2020[60] 13,445 4,001 24,619 9,100

Products

Therapy Indication (In United States unless otherwise noted) Year Approved (US) Year Approved (EU) Additional Information
ADUHELM™ [(aducanumab) Human Immunoglobulin Gamma 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody] Indicated for all stages of Alzheimer’s disease, including patients with confirmed presence of amyloid pathology and mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. 2021 (pending) U.S. FDA accelerated approval.

Biogen and Japanese Eisai are collaborators in the development and commercialization of ADUHELM.[61]

ALPROLIX™ [Coagulation Factor IX (Recombinant), Fc Fusion Protein] Control and prevention of bleeding episodes, perioperative management and routine prophylaxis in adults and children with hemophilia B 2021 1993 Also approved in Canada and Australia.

Biogen and Swedish Orphan Biovitrum (Sobi) are collaborators in the development and commercialization of ALPROLIX.[62]

AVONEX® (interferon beta-1a) Relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis 1996 1997 Includes the AVONEX PEN auto-injector and the AVOSTARTGRIP titration kit approved in the U.S. in 2012.[63]
ELOCTATE™ [Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Fc Fusion Protein] Control and prevention of bleeding episodes, perioperative (surgical) management and routine prophylaxis in adults and children with hemophilia A 2014 1999 Biogen and Swedish Orphan Biovitrum (Sobi) are collaborators in the development and commercialization of ELOCTATE.[64]
FAMPYRA (prolonged-release fampridine tablets) Multiple sclerosis (Walking ability) 2010 2011 Marketed by Biogen in markets outside of the United States.

Commercialized in the United States as AMPYRA (dalfampridine) Extended Release Tablets, by Acorda Therapeutics.[65]

FUMADERM (fumaric acid esters) Psoriasis German use 1994 (Germany only) Approved in Germany.

Acquired in acquisition of Fumapharm AG in 2006.[66]

GAZYVA (obinutuzumab) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 2013 2014 The first medicine approved with the FDA's Breakthrough Therapy Designation and is also currently in Phase 3 trials for NHL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Currently commercialized in the United States by Genentech, a wholly owned subsidiary of Roche.[67]

IMRALDI (adalimumab) Immunosuppressive drug to treat autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease 2019 2018 Biosimilar of AbbVie's Humira.[68][69]
SPINRAZA (nusinersen) Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) 2016 2017 The first drug approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, developed in collaboration with Ionis Pharmaceuticals.[70][71]
PLEGRIDY (peginterferon beta-1a) Relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis 2014[72] 2014[73]
RITUXAN (rituximab) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

Anti-TNF Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis

ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

1997[74]

2006[75]

2011[76]

1998 (as MabThera) The first monoclonal antibody for cancer developed by IDEC, prior to merging with Biogen.

Currently commercialized by Roche and its subsidiary, Genentech.

TECFIDERA (dimethyl fumarate) Relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis 2013[77] 2014[78]
TYSABRI (natalizumab) Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis 2004 Re-introduced in 2006 2006 Full rights purchased from partner Elan in 2013.[79]

Pipeline

Biogen focused its R&D efforts on the discovery and development of treatments for patients with high unmet medical needs in the areas of neurology, hematology, and immunology.[citation needed]

Investigational MS medicines:

  • Daclizumab High-Yield Process (DAC HYP): is being developed as a potential once-monthly subcutaneous injection in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). DAC HYP is being developed in collaboration with Abbvie, Inc. In June 2014, the companies announced positive top-line results from the Phase III DECIDE clinical trial, where DAC HYP demonstrated superiority over interferon beta-1a in annualized relapse rate.[80]
  • Anti-LINGO-1 (BIIB033) (Opicinumab): is the first candidate being investigated for its potential to remyelinate and repair neurons damaged by MS, currently in Phase 2 trials.[81]

Biogen has several candidates in Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in neurodegenerative and immunological diseases including MS, neuropathic pain, spinal muscular atrophy and lupus nephritis:

  • Phase 2a: anti-LINGO-1 molecule (Opicinumab) in acute optic neuritis
  • Phase 2b: anti-TWEAK monoclonal antibody in lupus nephritis
  • Phase 2a: STX-100 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  • Phase 2: Neublastin for neuropathic pain in 2013
  • Phase 1/2: BIIB067 (ISIS-SOD1Rx) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in collaboration with Ionis

Biogen also has several development agreements in place with Ionis Pharmaceuticals to collaborate to leverage antisense technology in advancing the treatment of neurological disorders.[82]

In February 2012, Biogen formalized a joint venture with Samsung, creating Samsung Bioepis. This joint venture brings Biogen's expertise and capabilities in protein engineering, cell line development, and recombinant biologics manufacturing to position the joint venture so Biogen can participate in the emerging market for biosimilars.[83]

In early 2014, Biogen entered into an agreement with Eisai, Inc., to jointly develop and commercialize two of their candidates for Alzheimer's disease, which have the potential to reduce Aβ plaques that form in the brains of patients, as well as to slow the formation of new plaques, potentially improving symptoms and suppressing disease progression.[84]

Biogen also has since 2015 an agreement with AGTC to develop gene therapy for several genetic diseases, including X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) and X-linked Retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) ophthalmologic diseases. To this aim, Biogen paid AGTC $124 million, including an equity investment of $30 million, and up to 1,1 billion in future milestones.[85]

In March 2019, Biogen halted Phase 3 trials of Alzheimer's disease drug Aducanumab after "an independent group's analysis show[ed] that the trials were unlikely to 'meet their primary endpoint.'"[86] However, in October 2019 they reversed their plans and said that they would be pursuing US FDA approval for Aducanumab. The reversal came after Biogen said a new analysis of a larger patient pool showed promising results.[34] In July 2020, Biogen completed submission of a Biologics license application (BLA) to the FDA for review, and requested accelerated review.[87] However, an advisory panel for the FDA voted against approval of this drug.[88] On June 7, 2021 the FDA granted approval of Aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Aducanumab was approved using the accelerated approval pathway, and Biogen will be required to conduct a post-approval clinical trial to verify clinical benefit for continued approval.[89]

Lawsuits

In September 2022, Biogen agreed to pay $900 million to the U.S. federal governments, states, and a whistleblower who accused the company of paying kickbacks to doctors between 2009 and 2014 to increase prescriptions of Avonex, Tysabri, and Tecfidera (all for multiple sclerosis).[90]

See also

  • Neurological diseases
  • Kenneth Murray
  • Eisai
  • Tim Harris (biochemist)

References

  1. ↑ "Biogen, Inc. 2022 Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 15 February 2023. https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/875045/000087504523000009/biib-20221231.htm. 
  2. ↑ "Biogen Inc". https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/BIIB*:MM#xj4y7vzkg. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Werner Grundlehner: Zürcher Antikörper gegen Alzheimer hat Milliardenpotenzial – und Gegenwind. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  4. ↑ "Biotech's Comeback Kid". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2012/12/04/biogen-idec-biotechs-comeback-kid/. 
  5. ↑ "The San Diego Technology Archive". https://libraries.ucsd.edu/sdta/companies/idec.html. 
  6. ↑ "Biogen and IDEC Pharmaceuticals Announce Merger To Create a New Biotechnology Industry Leader". https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/875045/000104746903021993/a2113458zex-99_1.htm. "IDEC — Founded in 1985 to develop monoclonal antibodies. Founders include Ivor Royston, Howard Birndorf, Richard Miller and Brook Byers" 
  7. ↑ Pollack, Andrew (24 June 2003). "Idec to Merge With Biogen in $6.8 Billion Deal". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/24/business/idec-to-merge-with-biogen-in-6.8-billion-deal.html. 
  8. ↑ Dulaney, Chelsey (23 March 2015). "Biogen Drops Idec From Name". Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/biogen-drops-idec-from-name-1427113639. 
  9. ↑ "Biogen Idec Inc. Stock Quote & Summary Data". NASDAQ. http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/biib. 
  10. ↑ "Biogen Idec agrees to buy Swiss company Fumapharm" (in en). 2006-06-01. http://www.pharmatimes.com/news/biogen_idec_agrees_to_buy_swiss_company_fumapharm_996746. 
  11. ↑ "Biogen Idec to Acquire Fumapharm AG; Consolidates Ownership of Oral Compound BG-12 Being Studied for Multiple Sclerosis" (in en). http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20060531005276/en/Biogen-Idec-Acquire-Fumapharm-AG-Consolidates-Ownership. 
  12. ↑ "Biogen to buy Syntonix in $120M deal | FierceBiotech" (in en). 3 January 2007. http://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/biogen-to-buy-syntonix-120m-deal. 
  13. ↑ "Biogen Idec to Acquire Syntonix" (in en). http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070104005533/en/Biogen-Idec-Acquire-Syntonix. 
  14. ↑ "Health Highlights: August 1, 2008" (in en). https://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=5499620&page=1. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "TMX Money". https://money.tmx.com/fr/quote/BIIB:US/news/5008553463177966. 
  16. ↑ "Biogen Idec and Isis Pharmaceuticals Announce Collaboration For Antisense Programs To Treat Neurological Disorders | Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc." (in en). https://ir.ionispharma.com/news-releases/news-release-details/biogen-idec-and-isis-pharmaceuticals-announce-collaboration. 
  17. ↑ "Biogen to Pay Elan $3.25 Billion for Full Tysabri Rights". Bloomberg. 2013-02-06. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-02-06/biogen-to-pay-elan-3-25-billion-for-full-tysabri-rights. 
  18. ↑ "Biogen Idec Snaps Up Convergence for Up-to-$675M - GEN News Highlights - GEN". 12 January 2015. http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/biogen-idec-snaps-up-convergence-for-up-to-675m/81250789/. 
  19. ↑ "Biogen is cutting 11% of its workforce". http://www.businessinsider.com/biogen-layoffs-cutting-11-of-workforce-2015-10. 
  20. ↑ "Biogen puzzles Wall Street with plans to spin off its hemophilia business" (in en-US). 2016-05-03. https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2016/05/03/biogen-hemophilia-multiple-sclerosis/. 
  21. ↑ Katie Thomas. "Costly Drug for Fatal Muscular Disease Wins F.D.A. Approval" (in en-us). https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/30/business/spinraza-price.html. 
  22. ↑ "Biogen and Sangamo Ink $2.7 Billion+ Neurodegeneration Deal" (in en-US). https://www.biospace.com/article/biogen-and-sangamo-partner-on-alzheimer-s-parkinson-s-and-others/. 
  23. ↑ Staff Report. "Biotech company partners with Black-owned bank" (in en). https://www.miamitimesonline.com/business/biotech-company-partners-with-black-owned-bank/article_04b90e0c-f2b2-11ea-9892-17c9cd391855.html. 
  24. ↑ Reuters
  25. ↑ Pierson, Ransdell (2014-12-02). "Biogen plans late-stage Alzheimer's trial, shares rise" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biogen-idec-alzheimers-idINKCN0JG1JX20141202. 
  26. ↑ Berkrot, Bill (2015-03-20). "Biogen's Alzheimer's drug slows mental decline in early study" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biogen-alzheimers-idUSKBN0MG1OU20150320. 
  27. ↑ "Biogen Enrolls First Patient in Global Phase 3 Study of Investigational Treatment Aducanumab (BIIB037) for Early Alzheimer's Disease" (in en). 2015-09-08. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150908005533/en/Biogen-Enrolls-First-Patient-in-Global-Phase-3-Study-of-Investigational-Treatment-Aducanumab-BIIB037-for-Early-Alzheimer%E2%80%99s-Disease. 
  28. ↑ Kirsten. "Investigational antibody treatment yields exciting though preliminary results - UCI MIND" (in en-US). https://mind.uci.edu/investigational-antibody-treatment-yields-exciting-though-preliminary-results/. 
  29. ↑ Kirsten. "Phase 3 Trials of Aducanumab Halted - UCI MIND" (in en-US). https://www.mind.uci.edu/phase-3-trials-of-aducanumab-halted/. 
  30. ↑ "BIOGEN ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT TO ACQUIRE NIGHTSTAR THERAPEUTICS TO ESTABLISH CLINICAL PIPELINE OF GENE THERAPY CANDIDATES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY". https://www.biospace.com/article/biogen-announces-agreement-to-acquire-nightstar-therapeutics-to-establish-clinical-pipeline-of-gene-therapy-candidates-in-ophthalmology/. 
  31. ↑ "Biogen Banks on Ophthalmology Gene Therapies With $800 Million Acquisition of Nightstar". https://www.biospace.com/article/biogen-banks-on-ophthalmology-gene-therapies-with-800-million-acquisition-of-nightstar/. 
  32. ↑ Annett, Timothy (21 March 2019). "Biogen shares plunge after Alzheimer's drug setback". The Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2019/03/21/biogen-shares-plunge-after-alzheimer-drug-setback/0MzLJWlEgmo5nHSKWl8esO/story.html. 
  33. ↑ Li, Yun (21 March 2019). "Biogen posts its the worst day in 14 years after ending trial for blockbuster Alzheimer's drug". https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/21/biogen-shares-plunge-more-than-25percent-after-ending-trial-for-alzheimers-drug-aducanumab.html. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Drugmaker to seek approval for Alzheimer's treatment". 22 October 2019. https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/22/health/biogen-alzheimers-drug-fda/index.html. 
  35. ↑ Chelsea. "Biogen's About Face - UCI MIND" (in en-US). https://www.mind.uci.edu/biogens-about-face/. 
  36. ↑ Kyle Blankenship (May 7, 2020). "Biogen gears up Swiss manufacturing facility for potential aducanumab rollout" Fierce Pharma (Manufacturing). Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  37. ↑ Kirsten. "Biogen and Eisai submit aducanumab for FDA approval - UCI MIND" (in en-US). https://128.200.55.17/biogen-and-eisai-submit-aducanumab-for-fda-approval/. 
  38. ↑ Commissioner, Office of the (2021-06-07). "FDA Grants Accelerated Approval for Alzheimer's Drug" (in en). https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-alzheimers-drug. 
  39. ↑ Belluck, Pam; Kaplan, Sheila; Robbins, Rebecca (2021-07-20). "How an Unproven Alzheimer's Drug Got Approved" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/health/alzheimers-drug-aduhelm-fda.html. 
  40. ↑ Lovelace, Berkeley Jr. (2021-07-09). "Biogen stock falls after FDA calls for federal investigation into Alzheimer's drug approval" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/09/biogen-alzheimers-drug-fda-calls-for-federal-investigation-into-approval.html. 
  41. ↑ King, Robert (2021-11-22). "Major insurers won't pay for Biogen's Alzheimer's drug until they get more proof that it works: Bloomberg survey" (in en). https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/payer/bloomberg-survey-major-insurers-question-if-controversial-alzheimer-s-drug-medically. 
  42. ↑ Liu, Angus (2022-01-12). "For Biogen's Aduhelm, narrow coverage from CMS 'could effectively spell the end': analyst" (in en). https://www.fiercepharma.com/marketing/biogen-alzheimer-s-drug-aduhelm-cms-restrictive-draft-reimbursement-ruling-could. 
  43. ↑ Steenhuysen, Julie; Beasley, Deena (2021-06-08). "U.S. approval of Biogen Alzheimer's drug sends shares soaring, hailed as 'big day" for patients" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/us-fda-set-rule-controversial-biogen-alzheimers-drug-2021-06-07/. 
  44. ↑ D'Souza, Savio (May 3, 2016). "Biogen to spin off hemophilia drug business into a public company". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biogen-hemophilia-idUSKCN0XU15E. 
  45. ↑ "Amid takeover chatter, Biogen introduces hemophilia spinoff Bioverativ - FiercePharma". 10 August 2016. http://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/biogen-introduces-spinoff-bioverativ-amid-takeover-buzz. 
  46. ↑ "Biogen Announces Bioverativ as Name of New Hemophilia-Focused Company | Business Wire". Businesswire (Press release). Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  47. ↑ "Biogen unveils name for hemophilia drug spinoff: Bioverativ". Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/08/09/biogen-unveils-name-for-hemophilia-drug-spinoff-bioverativ/2EjLRgOOGpOZJECl3nO4yH/story.html. 
  48. ↑ "Biogen Announces Bioverativ as Name of New Hemophilia-Focused Company - Biogen Media". http://media.biogen.com/press-release/hemophilia-spin/biogen-announces-bioverativ-name-new-hemophilia-focused-company. 
  49. ↑ "3 Who Attended Biogen Meeting in Boston Test Positive for Coronavirus" (in en-US). https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/3-who-attended-biogen-meeting-in-boston-test-positive-for-coronavirus/2086462/. 
  50. ↑ "Coronavirus Cases Linked to Biogen Boston Meeting: What We Know" (in en-US). https://www.nbcboston.com/news/coronavirus/what-we-know-about-the-coronavirus-cases-linked-to-biogens-boston-meeting/2086974/. 
  51. ↑ "Workers who attended Boston Biogen meeting test positive for coronavirus" (in en). 2020-03-06. https://www.wcvb.com/article/workers-who-attended-boston-biogen-meeting-test-positive-for-coronavirus/31252079. 
  52. ↑ "Live updates: Multiple Mass. schools closed Monday after 15 new presumptive positive COVID-19 cases reported" (in en-US). https://www.boston25news.com/more/blog-latest-coronavirus-cases-news-massachusetts/XZXJA7P3J5ENZFXLRG2YUFWTSI/. 
  53. ↑ "Top Biogen execs were at meeting where attendees had Covid-19" (in en-US). 2020-03-06. https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/06/biogen-workers-test-positive-for-coronavirus-transmission-linked-to-leadership-meeting/. 
  54. ↑ "Biogen Conference May Be Tied To 20,000 Massachusetts Coronavirus Cases" (in en-US). 2020-08-25. https://boston.cbslocal.com/2020/08/25/biogen-conference-boston-massachusetts-coronavirus-20000-covid-19/. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Genetic 'Fingerprints' Suggest Superspreader Biogen Conference Seeded 40% Of Boston Coronavirus Cases" (in en). https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/08/25/genetic-fingerprints-biogen-superspreader-boston. 
  56. ↑ "Biogen Revenue 2006-2018 | BIIB". https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/BIIB/biogen/revenue. 
  57. ↑ "Fortune 500 Companies 2021: Who Made the List" (in en-US). http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/. 
  58. ↑ "2018 Annual Report". biogen.com. https://investors.biogen.com/static-files/30ea6b55-6a57-48ae-840d-96ac58ddf031. Retrieved 17 March 2022. 
  59. ↑ "2019 Annual Report". biogen.com. https://investors.biogen.com/static-files/f86236ee-b489-461e-bb28-b7b4ccc4aeea. Retrieved 17 March 2022. 
  60. ↑ "2020 Annual Report". biogen.com. https://investors.biogen.com/static-files/0b109c48-3d3c-4554-8249-74b06c09797e. Retrieved 18 March 2022. 
  61. ↑ "ADUHELMTM (aducanumab-avwa) injection, for intravenous use, prescribing Information". FDA.gov. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/761178s000lbl.pdf. 
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  63. ↑ "Avonex". National MS Society. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Treating-MS/Medications/Avonex. 
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  65. ↑ "Fampridine (Fampyra)". MS Trust. http://www.mstrust.org.uk/atoz/fampridine.jsp. 
  66. ↑ "Biogen Idec enters deal to acquire Fumapharm". First Word Pharma. http://www.firstwordpharma.com/node/149468. 
  67. ↑ "FDA approves Gazyva for chronic lymphocytic leukemia". FDA. https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm373209.htm. 
  68. ↑ "FDA Approves Adalimumab Biosimilar, Samsung Bioepis' Hadlima". https://www.centerforbiosimilars.com/view/fda-approves-adalimumab-biosimilar-samsung-bioepis-hadlima. 
  69. ↑ "IMRALDI™, Biogen's Adalimumab Biosimilar Referencing Humira®, Is Launched in the European Union | Biogen" (in en). http://media.biogen.com/news-releases/news-release-details/imralditm-biogens-adalimumab-biosimilar-referencing-humirar. 
  70. ↑ Wadman, Meredith (23 December 2016). "Updated: FDA approves drug that rescues babies with fatal neurodegenerative disease". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aal0476. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/12/novel-drug-rescues-babies-fatal-neurodegenerative-disease. 
  71. ↑ Grant, Charley (2016-12-27). "Surprise Drug Approval Is Holiday Gift for Biogen". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/surprise-drug-approval-is-holiday-gift-for-biogen-1482856447. 
  72. ↑ "Biogen Idec's PLEGRIDY(Peginterferon Beta-1a) Approved in the US for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/15/ma-biogen-idec-idUSnBw155610a+100+BSW20140815. 
  73. ↑ "Biogen Idec's Plegridy approved in Europe for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis". The Pharma Letter. http://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/biogen-idec-s-plegridy-approved-in-europe-for-relapsing-remitting-multiple-sclerosis. 
  74. ↑ "FDA Approval for Rituximab". National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/fda-rituximab. 
  75. ↑ "UPDATE 1-Roche, Biogen end dispute over Rituxan follow-ons". Reuters. 21 October 2010. https://www.reuters.com/article/biogen-roche-idUSN2110240020101021. 
  76. ↑ "FDA approves Rituxan to treat two rare disorders". FDA. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm251946.htm. 
  77. ↑ "Cell Therapeutics buys Zevalin from Biogen Idec for $10M, with up to $20M extra plus milestones". The Pharma Letter. http://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/cell-therapeutics-buys-zevalin-from-biogen-idec-for-10m-with-up-to-20m-extra-plus-milestones. 
  78. ↑ "Tecifedra". National MS Society. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Treating-MS/Medications/Tecfidera%E2%84%A2. 
  79. ↑ "Tysabri". National MS Society. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Treating-MS/Medications/Tysabri-%C2%AE. 
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  85. ↑ David Holley (July 2, 2015). "Biogen Offers Up To $1 Billion for AGTC's Ophthalmology Gene Therapy". Xconomy Boston. http://www.xconomy.com/boston/2015/07/02/biogen-offers-up-to-1-billion-for-agtcs-ophthalmology-gene-therapy/. 
  86. ↑ Li, Yun (21 March 2019). "Biogen shares plunge nearly 30% after ending trial for Alzheimer's drug Aducanumab". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/21/biogen-shares-plunge-more-than-25percent-after-ending-trial-for-alzheimers-drug-aducanumab.html. 
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  88. ↑ Pam Belluck: F.D.A. Panel Declines to Endorse Controversial Alzheimer’s Drug. New York Times, November 6, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  89. ↑ "FDA Grants Accelerated Approval for Alzheimer's Drug" (Press release). US Food & Drug Administration. 7 Jun 2021. Retrieved 7 Jun 2021.
  90. ↑ Biogen pays $900m to settle whistle-blower suit over kickbacks

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