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Coty Inc.

Topic: Company

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 15 min
Short description: French American beauty company
Coty Inc.
TypePublic
IndustryBeauty
Founded1904; 120 years ago (1904) in Paris, France
FounderFrançois Coty
Headquarters
350 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10118
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Peter Harf (Exec Chairman)
  • Sue Nabi (CEO)
Products
Brands
  • Bourjois
  • Clairol
  • CoverGirl
  • ghd
  • Kylie Cosmetics
  • Max Factor
  • OPI
  • Rimmel
  • Sally Hansen
  • Wella
RevenueIncrease US$9.4 billion (2018)[1]
Number of employees
20,000[1] (2018)
Website{{{1}}}

Coty Inc. is a French-American multinational beauty company founded in 1904 by François Coty. With its subsidiaries, it develops, manufactures, markets, and distributes fragrances, cosmetics, skin care, nail care, and both professional and retail hair care products. Coty owns around 77 brands as of 2018.[2]

Corporate overview

Coty is one of the world's largest beauty companies and the largest fragrance company,[3][4] with over $9 billion in revenue for the fiscal year ending in June 2018.[1] Coty acquired 41 beauty brands from Procter & Gamble in 2016,[5] becoming the global leader in fragrance, the second largest company for hair color and styling products,[6] and the third largest company for color cosmetics.[7] The company operates three divisions: Consumer Beauty, which focuses on body care, color cosmetics, fragrances, and hair coloring and styling products; Luxury, for luxury cosmetic, fragrance, and skin care products; and Professional Beauty, which services beauty salon and nail salon professionals.[8][9] Coty's mission is to "celebrate and liberate the diversity of beauty".[10]

The company has approximately 20,000 full-time employees in 46 countries, as of mid 2018.[1] Coty's executive offices are located in London.[11] The Consumer Beauty, Luxury and Professional Beauty divisions are headquartered in New York City, Paris and Geneva, respectively.[1] Peter Harf is Coty's chairman.[12] Pierre Laubies was Coty's CEO,[12] but on June 1, 2020 he was replaced by Harf.[13] Pierre-André Terisse was appointed chief financial officer in January 2019.[14] In July 2020, it was announced that Sue Youcef Nabi will become to company's new chief executive officer. Nabi who has previously served as L'Oréal's executive, is slated to take over the position in September the same year.[15]

JAB Holding Company is Coty's largest shareholder, with a 60 percent stake.[16]

Brands and products

Coty owns approximately 77 brands, as of 2018 and has partnerships with various other brands, including:[17]



Coty relaunched the CoverGirl and Clairol brands, including the Nice 'n Easy hair coloring product, in late 2017 and early 2018, respectively. The relaunches included new messaging and product development, with an emphasis on diversity.[31][35][36] The company also relaunched Max Factor in 2018.[37][38][39]

History

1900s–1920s

François Coty in 1926

Coty was founded by François Coty in Paris in 1904.[1][40] The brand's first fragrance, La Rose Jacqueminot, was launched the same year and was packaged in a bottle designed by Baccarat.[41] L'Origan was launched in 1905; according to The Week, the perfume "started a sweeping trend throughout Paris" and was the first example of "a fine but affordable fragrance that would appeal both to the upper classes and to the less affluent, changing the way scents were sold forever".[42] Following its early successes, Coty was able to open its first store in 1908 in Paris' Place Vendôme.[41] Soon after, Coty began collaborating with French glass designer René Lalique to create custom fragrance bottles, labels, and other packaging materials, launching a new trend in mass-produced fragrance packaging.[43][44] Coty also established a "Perfume City" in the suburbs of Paris during the early 1910s to handle administration and fragrance production; the site was an early business supporter of female employees and offered benefits including child care.[41]

The company began its global expansion in the early 1910s, first in London and New York.[45][46] Coty established U.S. headquarters at 714 Fifth Avenue in New York City, and commissioned Lalique to design pressed glass panels for the building's façade windows, which were installed in 1912.[43][47] Coty remained headquartered in the building until 1941.[47] The structure was later given landmark status by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission during the 1980s for its custom windows.[48][49] Coty began selling other beauty products including face and body powders in the 1910s, and launched one of its most successful fragrances, Chypre, in 1917. The company's products gained more attention in the United States as World War I soldiers started returning from France with gifts for loved ones. During the 1920s, Coty launched more than fifteen new fragrances and expanded into Germany, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland.[43] Coty, Inc. was formed in New York in 1922, and became a publicly-traded company in 1925.[50]

1930s–1990s

François Coty died in 1934; his family maintained control of the company and served as board members until the 1960s.[43]

Coty Pavillion at the 1939 New York World's Fair.

Coty's Air Spun face powder was launched in 1935.[41] The powder has been described by Real Simple as one of the "best beauty products of all time" and remains mostly unchanged.[51]

In the 1940s, Coty became a major supporter of the growing American fashion industry, launching the Coty American Fashion Critics' Awards to recognize and promote emerging American fashion designers. Coty discontinued its participation in 1985.[52][53]

Coty became a key player in the American lipstick market with the launch of Coty 24 in 1955. By the 1960s, Coty had become a leading fragrance manufacturer and marketer and the largest fragrance company in the U.S.[43] It attracted the attention of Pfizer, which acquired the company in 1963.[40][43]

In 1991, the company had annual sales of approximately $280 million.[54][55] Pfizer sold Coty to Joh. A. Benckiser (now known as JAB Holding Company) in 1992. Coty was a strategic fit for Benckiser, which had another beauty subsidiary, as well as an international distribution network through which it could market Coty's products.[54] Coty's fragrances at the time included Emeraude, Exclamation, L'Effleur, Preferred Stock, Sand & Sable, Tribe, and Wild Musk.[54][56] Peter Harf, chairman and CEO of JAB since 1988, was named Coty's CEO in 1993.[43] Coty acquired Unilever's European cosmetic brands, including Rimmel, in 1996.[43]

2000s

During the mid 2000s, the company focused on marketing celebrity-endorsed fragrances, including David Beckham, Céline Dion, Jennifer Lopez, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, Sarah Jessica Parker, and Shania Twain.[57] Coty also expanded its portfolio of luxury fragrances. It purchased the fragrance license for fashion designer Marc Jacobs in 2003.[58] The company's revenue increased from $1.9 billion to $2.1 billion during 2004–2005.[57][59]

In 2005, Coty purchased additional licenses for Calvin Klein, Cerruti, Chloé, Lagerfeld, and Vera Wang from Unilever.[60] These newest acquisitions, along with existing portfolio licenses including Adidas, Davidoff, and JOOP!,[61][62] made Coty the largest global fragrance maker.[40][59]

Coty acquired Del Laboratories' parent company, DLI Holding Corp., in 2007, adding the Sally Hansen and NYC New York Color brands to Coty's portfolio.[63][64] The company entered into license agreements with Balenciaga in 2008 and Bottega Veneta in 2009.[20][65][66]

2010s

In 2010, Coty purchased nail polish maker OPI Products,[67] as well as the skin care brand philosophy from The Carlyle Group.[58][68] The company also entered into a license agreement with Miu Miu, a subsidiary of Prada.[30]

Coty filed to go public in June 2012, and raised approximately $1 billion during its initial public offering (IPO) one year later.[69][70] The IPO, held in 2013, was the third largest in the US at the time and the largest by a final goods company since Michael Kors.[69] CNNMoney described the offering as the "largest U.S.-listed IPO for a consumer products company".[70] Coty acquired Bourjois in 2014.[71]

During 2015–2016, Coty acquired 41 beauty brands from Procter & Gamble (collectively known as Galleria),[5] including Clairol, CoverGirl, Gucci, Hugo Boss, Lacoste, Max Factor, and Wella.[25][29][24] The agreement, completed as a Reverse Morris Trust, made Coty the third largest global seller of cosmetics.[7][31][72] Coty also acquired the digital marketing technology agency Beamly in 2015.[73][74][75] which is wound up in 2020.

The company entered into a license agreement with Tiffany & Co. in 2016.[76] During 2016–2017, Coty acquired Hypermarcas' (now known as Hypera Pharma) beauty and personal care business, ghd, and became a majority stakeholder in the peer to peer digital beauty company Younique.[77] Younique had approximately 80,000 sellers when Coty purchased a 60 percent stake in January 2017, and surpassed 230,000 sellers by December.[78] Coty announced that it was cutting ties with Younique in August 2019, saying that Younique was "definitely different" from other businesses owned by Coty, and intended to sell its 60% stake in Younique back to its founders.[79]

Coty acquired licenses to Burberry's cosmetics and fragrance brands in April 2017.[80] In July, Coty added the skincare brand philosophy to Tmall,[81] and launched other brands on the platform as well.[39][82]

In December 2017, the Court of Justice of the European Union's European Court of Justice ruled that Coty did not violate competition laws by forbidding German distributor Parfümerie Akzente from selling products via Amazon, and that luxury brands are allowed to prohibit distributors from selling through third-party platforms.[17][83][84] Previously, according to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary, Coty supported the Stop Online Piracy Act, a bill introduced to expand the ability of U.S. law enforcement to combat copyright infringement and counterfeit goods trafficking, in late 2011.[85][86]

Coty developed "Let's Get Ready" for the Amazon Echo Show, part of the Amazon Echo line of products and designed around Amazon's virtual assistant, Alexa. The guide debuted in early 2018 and presents looks and products to users, which can be added to shopping carts.[87] In February, Coty created a startup accelerator focused on artificial intelligence.[88][89]

The company underwent refinancing of debt, including debt associated with Galleria, in March 2018.[5]

In November 2019, Coty announced to purchase a $600 million stake (51%) in Kylie Cosmetics, the company of media personality and model Kylie Jenner.[90][91] In June 2020, the company announced that it would buy a 20% stake for $200 million in KKW, a company owned by Jenner's sister Kim Kardashian West.[28]

On December 1, 2020, Coty completed sale of Wella, Clairol, OPI and ghd brands stake to KKR for $2.5bn in cash whilst retaining 40% stake in the standalone company.[92] On October 1, 2021, Coty announced that it would sell an approximate 9% stake in Wella to KKR for $426.5 million. The deal cuts Coty's stake in Wella, Clairol, OPI and ghd brands to around 30.6%.[93]

Environmental practices and social causes

Coty and its brands say they are committed to a range of social causes as well as seeking to minimize its environmental impact. The company has entered into a long-term partnership with the international advocacy group Global Citizen to tackle prejudice and discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, disability, or ethnicity, and to promote self-expression.[94] Coty has also joined other beauty companies to launch the Responsible Beauty Initiative to encourage sustainability within the industry.[95] Coty has signed the United Nations Global Compact, a United Nations initiative to encourage businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies.

Rankings

Coty ranked number 371 on the Fortune 500 , Fortune magazine's annual list of the largest U.S. corporations by total revenue, in 2018.[96] The company ranked number 5 on Women's Wear Daily's 2017 "Top 100" list of the world's largest beauty manufacturers, estimating $9.15 billion in sales.[97] According to Advertising Age, Coty was one of the largest global advertisers in 2017.[98] In 2018, Coty ranked number 1,196 on the Forbes Global 2000, an annual ranking of the top 2,000 public companies in the world by Forbes magazine.[99] Additionally, Coty ranked number 396 on Forbes' 2018 list of "America's Largest Public Companies".[99]

See also

  • Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (C)
  • List of organizations with official stances on the SOPA and PIPA

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Form 10-K: Coty Inc.". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. June 30, 2018. http://services.corporate-ir.net/SEC.Enhanced/SecCapsule.aspx?c=251569&fid=15798998. 
  2. ↑ "Coty Professional Beauty Opens New Headquarters". Questex LLC. 29 May 2018. https://www.americansalon.com/news/coty-professional-beauty-north-america-opens-new-headquarters. 
  3. ↑ Utroske, Deanna (October 3, 2016). "As of today, Coty is the world's third-largest beauty company". https://www.cosmeticsdesign.com/Article/2016/10/03/As-of-today-Coty-is-the-world-s-third-largest-beauty-company. 
  4. ↑ "Coty is About to Become the Largest Fragrance Company". Global Cosmetic Industry. May 4, 2016. https://www.gcimagazine.com/business/marketers/financials/Coty-is-About-to-Become-the-Largest-Fragrance-Company-378178171.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ruckin, Claire (March 19, 2018). "Coty launches $8 billion-equivalent jumbo refinancing". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-coty-leveraged-loans/coty-launches-8-billion-equivalent-jumbo-refinancing-idUSKBN1GV282. 
  6. ↑ "Coty gets Good Hair Day for £420m". The Guardian. Reuters. October 17, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/oct/17/coty-gets-good-hair-day-for-420m. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wong, Stephanie Hoi-Nga (August 22, 2017). "Coty Slides Amid Challenges Integrating P&G's Beauty Brands". Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-22/coty-challenges-persist-as-it-integrates-p-g-s-beauty-brands. 
  8. ↑ "Coty Inc". CNNMoney (Time Warner). https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=COTY. 
  9. ↑ Collins, Allison (August 22, 2017). "Coty Makes Progress in Luxury, Professional Divisions". Women's Wear Daily (Penske Media Corporation). ISSN 0043-7581. http://wwd.com/business-news/financial/coty-makes-progress-in-luxury-professional-divisions-10964524/. Retrieved May 7, 2018. 
  10. ↑ Dua, Tanya; Chin, Kara; Frank, Jacqui (June 19, 2018). "'The beauty industry had really moved on': CoverGirl's Ukonwa Ojo takes us inside the company's biggest ever rebrand". Business Insider. http://uk.businessinsider.com/covergirl-svp-ukonwa-ojo-interview-2018-6?IR=T. Retrieved November 2, 2018. 
  11. ↑ Kilgore, Tomi (November 3, 2015). "Coty to move executive offices to London". MarketWatch (Dow Jones & Company). https://www.marketwatch.com/story/coty-to-move-executive-offices-to-london-2015-11-03. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Balu, Nivedita; Mahil, Jaslein (November 12, 2018). "Cosmetics giant Coty replaces CEO, chairman". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-coty-ceo-pane/cosmetics-giant-coty-replaces-ceo-chairman-idUSKCN1NH1JT. 
  13. ↑ Paramasivan, Praveen (June 1, 2020). "Coty names Chairman Harf as CEO to oversee turnaround". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-coty-inc-ceo/coty-names-chairman-harf-as-ceo-to-oversee-turnaround-idUSKBN23826O. 
  14. ↑ Trentmann, Nina (January 11, 2019). "Cosmetics Group Coty Names New CFO As it Seeks Turnaround". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/cosmetics-group-coty-names-new-cfo-as-it-seeks-turnaround-11547221042. 
  15. ↑ Abboud, Leila (July 2, 2020). "Coty picks L'Oréal veteran as new chief executive". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/1907b7ae-50a3-4e50-84e6-2729fb845400. 
  16. ↑ 2019 Proxy statement
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Toplensky, Rochelle (December 6, 2017). "ECJ rules in favour of Coty over online sales ban". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/ccc6504a-da7c-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482. Retrieved April 24, 2018. 
  18. ↑ "Adidas Perfumes And Colognes". https://www.fragrantica.com/designers/Adidas.html. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Brunsman, Barrett J. (January 12, 2016). "P&G's multibillion-dollar deal with Coty just got smaller". Cincinnati Business Courier (American City Business Journals). https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2016/01/12/p-g-s-multibillion-dollar-deal-with-coty-just-got.html. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Naughton, Julie; Socha, Miles (October 10, 2008). "Balenciaga Signs Deal with Coty Prestige". Women's Wear Daily. http://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/balenciaga-signs-deal-with-coty-prestige-1832642/. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 
  21. ↑ Hume, Marion (March 5, 2010). "Balenciaga enters the fragrance market". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/0ebbd410-27e9-11df-9598-00144feabdc0. 
  22. ↑ Martens, Cynthia (July 18, 2014). "Bottega Veneta, Coty Tie the Knot". Women's Wear Daily. http://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/bottega-veneta-coty-tie-the-knot-7804598/. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 
  23. ↑ Jowett, Victoria (January 17, 2018). "The Amazon Alexa can now give you beauty advice". Cosmopolitan (Hearst Communications). ISSN 0010-9541. https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/makeup/a15383975/amazon-echo-alexa-best-beauty-skill/. Retrieved April 27, 2018. 
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  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Coolidge, Alexander (May 3, 2016). "Coty raises P&G beauty estimated cost cuts". The Cincinnati Enquirer (Gannett Company). OCLC 51645694. https://www.cincinnati.com/story/money/2016/05/03/coty-raises-pg-beauty-estimated-cost-cuts/83888114/. 
  26. ↑ Kumar, Uday Sampath; Ganesan, Gayathree (November 9, 2017). "Coty profit beats on demand for brands aimed at younger consumers". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-coty-results/coty-profit-beats-on-demand-for-brands-aimed-at-younger-consumers-idUSKBN1D91JY. 
  27. ↑ Weil, Jennifer (August 10, 2007). "A New Man for Jil Sander". Women's Wear Daily. http://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/a-new-man-for-jil-sander-487384/. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Leila Abboud, Arash Massoudi (June 29, 2020). "Coty to buy 20% stake in Kim Kardashian West's beauty line". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/ee526fad-d70d-40c6-a848-f883e1b1d380. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Kosman, Josh (June 15, 2015). "Coty Inc. acquires beauty product lines from P&G for $12B". New York Post (News Corp). ISSN 1090-3321. https://nypost.com/2015/06/15/coty-inc-acquires-beauty-product-lines-from-pg/. Retrieved April 24, 2018. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Niven, Lisa (October 30, 2013). "The Scent of Miu Miu". Vogue (Condé Nast). ISSN 0042-8000. http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/miu-miu-to-launch-first-fragrance-with-coty-inc. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Wylie, Melissa (March 26, 2018). After CoverGirl refresh, Coty turns to Clairol. The Business Journals (American City Business Journals ). https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2018/03/after-covergirl-refresh-coty-turns-to-clairol.html. Retrieved April 24, 2018. 
  32. ↑ Salibian, Sandra (November 29, 2017). "Coty Unveils Roberto Cavalli Scent for Women". Women's Wear Daily. https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/coty-new-roberto-cavalli-scent-women-11058039/. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 
  33. ↑ Neff, Jack (September 11, 2017). "Coty Tries Story Boutique to Show Mass Retailers What's Possible". Advertising Age (Crain Communications). http://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/coty-turns-story-s-boutique-hire-showcase-ideas/310393/. Retrieved April 27, 2018. 
  34. ↑ "LVMH Welcomes Tiffany & Co. To The Family -- for $16.2 Billion". https://www.beautypackaging.com/contents/view_breaking-news/2019-11-25/lvmh-welcomes-tiffany-co-to-the-family---for-162-billion/. 
  35. ↑ Schiffer, Jessica (November 28, 2017). "A complete breakdown of the Covergirl relaunch". Digiday. https://digiday.com/marketing/complete-breakdown-covergirl-relaunch/. 
  36. ↑ Schiffer, Jessica. "Inside Coty's relaunch of Clairol". https://www.glossy.co/new-face-of-beauty/inside-cotys-relaunch-of-clairol. 
  37. ↑ Daneshkhu, Scheherazade (February 8, 2018). "Coty's brighter sales outlook refreshes shares". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/8586a44e-0cf1-11e8-8eb7-42f857ea9f09. 
  38. ↑ Marfil, Lorelei (January 23, 2018). "Exclusive: Max Factor Unveils New Direction, Focuses on Diversity". Women's Wear Daily. https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/color-cosmetics/exclusive-max-factor-unveils-new-direction-focuses-diversity-11119817/. Retrieved August 8, 2018. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Collins, Allison (May 10, 2018). "Cover Girl 'Seeing Signs of Success', Coty CEO Says". Women's Wear Daily. https://www.pressreader.com/usa/wwd-digital-daily/20180510/281522226725559. Retrieved August 8, 2018. "The company relaunched Cover Girl, Clairol and Max Factor.". 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Wohl, Jessica (April 2, 2012). "Coty has staying power in bid for Avon". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/coty-avon-company-idUSL2E8F28HB20120402. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Critchell, Samantha (November 8, 2004). "Coty marks 100 years, taking time to smell success". Times Leader. https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/408136386/. 
  42. ↑ "Perfume: A Sensory Journey at Somerset House". The Week. June 16, 2017. ISSN 1533-8304. http://www.theweek.co.uk/85708/perfume-a-sensory-journey-at-somerset-house. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 43.6 43.7 "COTY Inc. The First 100 Years.". Women's Wear Daily. September 3, 2004. https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-121682584.html. Retrieved May 8, 2018. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  44. ↑ Gaffney, Dennis (October 27, 2008). "The Case of the Missing Perfume". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/fts/miami_200102A43.html. 
  45. ↑ "Coty Pays $400 Million to Buy Controlling Stake in China's TJoy". Bloomberg News. December 7, 2010. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-12-07/coty-pays-400-million-to-acquire-control-of-china-skin-care-company-tjoy. "The company opened subsidiaries in New York and London in 1912..." 
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  48. ↑ "A Belle of Fifth Avenue Returns, Freshened Up". The New York Times. February 28, 1991. https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/28/nyregion/a-belle-of-fifth-avenue-returns-freshened-up.html. 
  49. ↑ "Windows". The New Yorker: 12. September 24, 1990. "By the time the panels and the five-story building that they fronted were slated to come down in 1985 to make way for a new office tower, most people had completely forgotten about them. They were saved by a last-minute reprieve from the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission, and the tower was built behind the historic structure.". 
  50. ↑ Jones, Geoffrey (February 25, 2010). Beauty Imagined: A History of the Global Beauty Industry. OUP Oxford. p. 107. ISBN 9780199556496. https://books.google.com/books?id=pRMUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107. Retrieved September 14, 2018. 
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  52. ↑ "Coty Fashion Awards Discontinued". The New York Times. June 14, 1985. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/14/style/coty-fashion-awards-discontinued.html. 
  53. ↑ Buck, Genevieve; Stangenes, Sharon (June 19, 1985). "Requiem for Coty Awards: An Era Ends". Chicago Tribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-06-19/entertainment/8502090048_1_awards-board-cfda-annual-awards. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Bryant, Adam (1992). "Company News; Pfizer Agrees to Sell Coty Unit for $440 Million". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/05/business/company-news-pfizer-agrees-to-sell-coty-unit-for-440-million.html. 
  55. ↑ "Pfizer Said to Discuss Coty Sale to Germany". The Journal of Commerce (JOC Group (IHS Markit)). March 17, 1992. ISSN 1530-7557. https://www.joc.com/pfizer-said-discuss-coty-sale-germans_19920317.html. Retrieved May 1, 2018. 
  56. ↑ "Pfizer Selling Its Coty Unit to German Company : Restructuring: The divestiture will allow the pharmaceutical firm to focus on health care.". Los Angeles Times. Reuters. May 5, 1992. ISSN 0458-3035. OCLC 3638237. http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-05/business/fi-1444_1_health-care. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Worthen, Ben (January 15, 2007). "How Coty Tackled Post-Merger Supply Chain Integration". CIO Magazine (International Data Group). https://www.cio.com/article/2442845/mergers-acquisitions/how-coty-tackled-post-merger-supply-chain-integration.html. Retrieved May 1, 2018. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Timeline: Coty's growth over the decade". Reuters. April 2, 2012. https://www.reuters.com/article/coty-timeline/timeline-cotys-growth-over-the-decade-idUSL3E8F28JB20120402. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Boorstin, Julia (November 14, 2005). "The Scent of Celebrity". Fortune. https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/11/14/8360679/index.htm. 
  60. ↑ "Coty to Buy Unilever's Perfume Business". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. May 21, 2005. http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/21/business/fi-rup21.5. 
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