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Hyundai Rotem

Topic: Company

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 21 min

Hyundai Rotem Company
Native name
현대로템 주식회사
Formerly
  • Korea Rolling Stock Corporation (1999–2001)
  • Rotem Company (2002–2007)
TypePublic
Short description: Securities exchange operator in South Korea
Korea Exchange
한국거래소
TypeStock exchange
LocationBusan & Seoul, South Korea
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] 35°08′12″N 129°03′53″E / 35.136721°N 129.064746°E / 35.136721; 129.064746 (Busan)
Founded1956; 70 years ago (1956)
Key peopleSohn Byung-doo
(Chairman & CEO)
CurrencySouth Korean won
No. of listings2,445 (as of May 2021)[1]
Market cap₩2,604 trillion KRW ($2.3 trillion USD)[2]
IndicesKOSPI
KOSDAQ
KRX 100
Websitewww.krx.co.kr
eng.krx.co.kr
Hyundai Rotem
Hangul
한국거래소
Hanja
韓國去來所
Revised RomanizationHanguk Georaeso
McCune–ReischauerHanguk Kŏraeso

Korea Exchange (KRX, 한국거래소) is the sole securities exchange operator in South Korea . It is headquartered in Busan, and has an office for cash markets and market oversight in Seoul.

History

The Korea Exchange was created through the integration of Korea Stock Exchange (KSE), Korea Futures Exchange and KOSDAQ Stock Market under the Korea Stock & Futures Exchange Act. The securities and derivatives markets of former exchanges are now business divisions of Korea Exchange: the Stock Market Division, KOSDAQ Market Division and Derivatives Market Division. As of Dec 2020, Korea Exchange had 2,409 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of ₩2.3 quadrillion KRW (US$2.1 trillion). The exchange has normal trading sessions from 09:00 am to 03:30 pm on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.[3]

On 22 May 2015, the Korea Exchange joined the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative in an event with the UN-SG Ban Ki-moon in attendance, as well as senior officials from UN Global Compact and UNCTAD.[4]

Traded Instruments

KOSPI Market Division
  • Stocks
  • Bonds
  • Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
  • Exchange-Linked Warrants (ELWs)
  • Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
KOSDAQ Market Division
  • Stocks
Derivatives Market Division
  • Index Instruments: KOSPI 200 Index Futures, KOSTAR Futures, KOSPI 200 Index Options
  • Single Stock Futures
  • Equity Options
  • Interest Rate Instruments: 3-Year KTB (Korea Treasury Bond) Futures, 5-Year KTB Futures, 10-Year KTB Futures
  • Foreign Exchange Instruments: USD Futures, JPY Futures, EUR Futures, USD Options
  • Commodity Instruments: Gold Futures, Mini-gold Futures, Lean Hog Futures

See also

References

  1. ↑ ""Global KRX About KRX KRX Overview History"". http://global.krx.co.kr/main/main.jsp. 
  2. ↑ ""시가총액"". http://www.krx.co.kr/main/main.jsp. 
  3. ↑ Market Hours, Korea Exchange via Wikinvest
  4. ↑ "UN Secretary-General Joins Business Leaders in Seoul, Calls for Urgent Action on Poverty, Climate Change and Conflict". UN Global Compact. https://www.unglobalcompact.org/news/1881-05-19-2015. 



Industry
PredecessorsRolling stock divisions of Hyundai Precision Industry, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hanjin Heavy Industries
Founded
  • 1 July 1977; 48 years ago (1977-07-01) (official designation)
  • 1 July 1999; 26 years ago (1999-07-01) (as Korea Rolling Stock Corporation)
Headquarters
  • Uiwang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (corporate headquarters)
  • Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea (registered office, major production location)
Area served
Worldwide
Products
RevenueIncrease ₩4.3766 trillion (2024)
Increase ₩456.6 billion (2024)
Increase ₩405.3 billion (2024)
Total assetsIncrease ₩5.2854 trillion (2024)
Total equityIncrease ₩2.0091 trillion (2024)
Owners
Number of employees
4,190 (2025)
ParentHyundai Motor Group
SubsidiariesEUROTEM
Website{{{1}}}
Footnotes / references

Template:Infobox Korean name/auto Hyundai Rotem Company, often referred to as Hyundai Rotem (Korean: 현대로템; RR: Hyeondae Rotem), is a South Korean manufacturer of railway rolling stock, railway signalling, defense products and plant equipment. It is a member of Hyundai Motor Group and has presence in more than 50 countries worldwide.[4] As of 2024, Hyundai Rotem has more than 4,100 employees.[2]

History

As part of the government-led restructuring[8] in the wake of 1997 Asian financial crisis,[9] Korea Rolling Stock Corporation (KOROS, Korean: 한국철도차량 주식회사) was founded on 1 July 1999[5][6][7] as a result of the merger between three major rolling stock divisions of Hanjin Heavy Industries, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hyundai Precision Industry.[10][7]

In 2000, Hyundai Precision Industry sold its defence and plant businesses to KOROS, effectively making KOROS an affiliate company of Hyundai Motor Company.[8] Hyundai Precision Industry was renamed as Hyundai Mobis in the same year.[11] In August 2001, in an aftermath of Daewoo Group's dissolution,[12] Daewoo Heavy Industries agreed to sell its stake in KOROS to Hyundai Mobis, which let the latter become the majority shareholder of the company.[13] KOROS subsequently changed its name to Rotem Company (Korean: 주식회사 로템), where "Rotem" is known to be short for "Railroading Technology System",[14][15] on 1 January 2002.[6][16][17]

In 2006, Morgan Stanley became a minority shareholder by buying shares from Hyundai Motor Company and participating in Rotem's rights offering,[18][19] until 2018.[19][20] In a separate event in the same year, Hanjin Heavy Industries sold its stake in Rotem to Morgan Stanley,[8][12] leaving Hyundai Motor Group the only remaining pre-1999 merger corporate shareholder. Rotem Company added "Hyundai" (현대; 現代) to its name on 3 December 2007 to reflect its current affiliation.[21] Its shares are listed in the Korea Exchange in October 2013.[22]

While Hyundai Rotem officially designated its founding date as 1 July 1977,[4] which was also the time when "Hyundai Precision Industry" was officially named,[23] in certain of its publications, it tried to trace its roots to the rolling stock business of other pre-1999 merger entities, which started building rolling stock since 1964.[24]

Railway products

Rolling stock

Hyundai Rotem has been supplying majority of rolling stock in South Korea's railway network. They include Korail's KTX high-speed trains, electric multiple units (EMUs), and locomotives, and also SRT high-speed trains operated by SR Corporation, as well as the country's rapid transit networks, such as Seoul Metropolitan Subway, Busan Metro, and Daegu Metro.

International products include New South Wales D sets serving intercity services of Sydney Trains in Australia, K-Stock and R-Stock EMUs for Hong Kong's MTR, commuter EMUs for Taiwan, trains for the Delhi Metro, and automated trains for the Canada Line in Vancouver, Canada. In the United States, as of early 2025, it delivered 120 Silverliner V commuter trains for SEPTA Regional Rail in the Philadelphia area in Pennsylvania and 66 Silverliner Vs for Regional Transportation District (RTD)'s A Line.[25]

In June 2024, South Korea and Uzbekistan concluded a KRW270 billion (approximately USD196 million at the time) deal to apply South Korean high-speed rail technology in Uzbekistan. It is the first export of high-speed trains with South Korean technology, where Hyundai Rotem will supply 6 sets (of 7 cars each) of high-speed trains, known as UTY EMU-250, which is a variant of KTX-Eum.[26][27][28]

In September 2024, Hyundai Rotem's EMU-320 high-speed train (the original name is used for further research and sales after naming as KTX-Cheongryong in South Korea) obtained the design certification of Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI),[29] which paved the way for Hyundai Rotem into the European high-speed rail market.

As of early 2025, the largest order ever for Hyundai Rotem's rail solution division is a KRW2.2027 trillion (approximately USD1.5 billion at the time) contract to supply double-deck electric trains to the ONCF, Morocco's national railway operator, in the same year.[30][31] It is the largest single order not only for the company but also for any South Korean rolling stock manufacturing company.[32]

Hyundai Rotem hydrogen fuel cell tram being exhibited in InnoTrans 2024 in Berlin

Besides conventional trains powered by diesel, overhead wire and third rail, Hyundai Rotem is also developing hydrogen mobility technology based on the hydrogen fuel cell technology system of its holding company, Hyundai Motor Company.[33] In 2021, a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell tram prototype was unveiled.[34] A revised design was exhibited during InnoTrans 2022 in Berlin,[35] which was later recognised in the product category of iF Design Award 2023,[36][37] and with a full-scale tram exhibited in the RailLog Korea 2023.[38] Detailed specifications of the tram were announced in 2024,[39] with the same full-scale tram being showcased in InnoTrans in the same year.[40] Mass production model is expected to be firstly introduced to Daejeon Metro Line 2 in South Korea, which is scheduled to commence operations in 2028.[41] Other types of rolling stock, such as hydrogen fuel cell-powered locomotives and EMUs, are also under development.[42][43]

List of rolling stock manufactured by Hyundai Rotem

In the list below, not only the rolling stock built by Hyundai Rotem (also KOROS and Rotem, before their renaming) are included, those built by the pre-1999 merger entities of Hyundai Precision Industry, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hanjin Heavy Industries are also included.

High-speed trains

KTX-Eum, South Korea's first domestically designed and developed high-speed EMU
  • South Korea
    • KTX-I (34 of 46 trainsets, manufactured under Alstom licence)
    • HSR-350x experimental train
    • KTX-Sancheon
    • HEMU-430X experimental train (maximum speed: 421.4 km/h (261.8 mph))
    • KTX-Eum (EMU-260)
    • KTX-Cheongryong (EMU-320)
  • Uzbekistan – Uzbekistan Railways UTY EMU-250 (6 7-car trains, on order; designed based on KTX-Eum)

Regional / Intercity EMUs

New South Wales D set in Australia
Taiwan Railway EMU900 series
  • Australia – New South Wales D sets for Sydney Trains, linking Sydney with the Blue Mountains, Central Coast, Newcastle, Illawarra, Wollongong, Shellharbour and South Coast district areas
  • Australia – Queensland Train Manufacturing Program for Queensland Rail (65 6-car trains, on order; to be jointly built by Hyundai Rotem and Downer Rail in Queensland)[44][45][46]
  • Brazil – CPTM Series 9500 EMU in São Paulo
  • Brazil – Supervia Series 2005 EMU [pt; pt; TUE_Série_2005_(Supervia)] in Rio de Janeiro
  • Malaysia – Keretapi Tanah Melayu
    • Class 83 (built by Hyundai Precision)
    • Class 91
  • New Zealand – FP class for Greater Wellington Regional Council, for use in Wellington
  • South Korea – AREX
    • Class 1000 [ko; ko; 공항철도 1000호대 전동차] for express services
    • Class 2000 for local services
  • South Korea – Korail
    • Class 210000 on the ITX-Saemaeul
    • Class 368000 on the ITX-Cheongchun
  • South Korea – SG Rail A000 series EMU [ko; ko; SG레일_A000호대_전동차] on GTX-A
  • Taiwan – Taiwan Railway
    • EMU500 series (built by Daewoo)
    • EMU600 series (built by KOROS/Rotem)
    • EMU900 series
  • Tanzania – EMUs for Tanzania SGR[47][48] (appearance resembling Korail Class 210000)
  • Tunisia – Sahel Metro,[49] Tunis RFR Lines D and E[50][51]
  • Turkey – TCDD Transport
    • Marmaray E32000 series
    • Başkentray E23000 series
  • Turkey – İZBAN E22100 series
  • Ukraine – HRCS2 for Ukrainian Railways
  • United States – Silverliner V for SEPTA Regional Rail (Philadelphia) and RTD Commuter Rail (Denver)

Metro / Commuter EMUs

Korail Class 331000 trainset on Gyeongui–Jungang Line
Putrajaya Line trainset of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit in Malaysia
  • Brazil – EMUs for São Paulo Metro Line 4
  • Brazil – EMUs for Salvador Metro
  • Canada – Vancouver SkyTrain Canada Line Hyundai Rotem EMU
  • Egypt – EMUs for Cairo Metro Lines 1, 2 and 3[52]
  • Greece – EMUs for Athens Metro Lines 2, 3 and Athens Airport service
  • Hong Kong – MTR
    • K-train for Tseung Kwan O line (previously Kwun Tong line) and Tung Chung line
    • R-train for East Rail line
  • India – Delhi Metro
    • Phase 1 – broad gauge EMUs: Red Line, Yellow Line (erstwhile user), Blue Line
    • Phase 2 – standard gauge EMUs: Green Line, Violet Line
    • Phase 3 – standard gauge driverless EMUs: Pink Line, Magenta Line, Grey Line
  • India – EMUs for Ahmedabad Metro,[53] Bangalore Metro, Hyderabad Metro, Nagpur Metro
  • Kazakhstan – Almaty Metro EMUs
  • Malaysia – Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Putrajaya line EMUs
  • Philippines – Manila LRT Line 2 2000 class (with Toshiba for electrical components)
  • Philippines – Manila MRT Line 7 000 class
  • Singapore – J151 trainsets for MRT Jurong Region Line[54]
  • South Korea – Seoul Metropolitan Subway
    • Majority of EMUs for Gyeongui–Jungang Line, Suin–Bundang Line, Seohae Line, Gyeongchun Line, Gyeonggang Line (operated by Korail)
    • Majority of EMUs for Seoul Subway Line 1, Line 3, Line 4 (jointly operated by Korail and Seoul Metro)
    • Some of EMUs for Seoul Subway Line 2, Line 5, Line 6, Line 7, Line 8 (operated by Seoul Metro)
    • Seoul Subway Line 9, Shinbundang Line EMUs
    • Incheon Subway Line 1 EMUs
  • South Korea – Busan Metro
    • Class 1000 Batches 1 to 3 (built by Hyundai Precision and Hyundai Rotem)
    • Class 2000 Batches 1 and 2 (built by Hanjin and Rotem)
    • Class 3000 (built by Rotem)
  • South Korea – Daegu Metro
    • Line 1 (built by Hanjin) and Line 2 EMUs
    • Daegyeong Line (Korail Class 392000 [ko; ko; 한국철도공사_392000호대_전동차])
  • South Korea – Daejeon Metro Line 1 EMUs
  • South Korea – Gwangju Metro Line 1 EMUs
  • Taiwan – Taoyuan Metro Green Line EMUs[55]
  • Taiwan – Taipei Metro Heavy-capacity EMUs[56][57]
  • Taiwan – Kaohsiung Metro Red Line extension EMUs
  • Taiwan – Taichung MRT Blue Line EMUs[58]
  • Turkey – Istanbul Metro Line M2, Line M6, Line M7 and Line M8
  • United States – Los Angeles Metro Rail HR5000[59]

Trams and light rail vehicles

Hyundai Rotem 140N tram in Warsaw, Poland
  • Canada – Edmonton LRT Valley Line West (46 low-floor LRVs, on order)[60]
  • Philippines – Manila LRT Line 1 1100 class high-floor LRVs (with Adtranz)
  • Poland – Warsaw tram network 140N, 141N, 142N (123 low-floor trams)[61][62]
  • South Korea – Seoul Metropolitan Subway
    • Ui LRT,[62] Gimpo Goldline[62] EMUs
    • Incheon Subway Line 2 first generation EMUs[62]
  • South Korea – Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit trainsets
  • South Korea – Daejeon Metro Line 2 hydrogen fuel cell trams (on order)
  • Turkey – high-floor LRVs for Istanbul LRT T4, Adana Metro
  • Turkey – low-floor LRVs for Antalya trams,[62] Izmir trams[62]
  • Indonesia – high-floor LRVs for Jakarta LRT[63][64]

Diesel multiple units (DMUs)

IÉ 22000 Class in Ireland
  • Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran Railways railbus[24][65]
  • Ireland – Iarnród Éireann 22000 Class
  • Philippines – PNR Metro Commuter Line DMUs
  • South Korea – Korail
    • Saemaeul-ho diesel-hydraulic multiple units (built by Daewoo, Hanjin, and Hyundai Precision)
    • Commuter Diesel Car (CDC), Refurbished Diesel Car (RDC) (built by Daewoo)
  • Syria – Syrian Railways[24]
  • Thailand – State Railway of Thailand (SRT) APD.20 and APD.60 DMUs (then by Daewoo)
  • Turkey – TCDD DM15000, MT30000

Push-pull coaches

Metrolink Hyundai Rotem bi-level car in Southern California
  • Taiwan – Taiwan Railway E1000 push-pull trains[lower-alpha 1]
  • United States – Rotem bi-level push-pull cars
    • MBTA BTC-4D and CTC-5 cars
    • Metrolink Guardian cars BTC-5
    • Tri-Rail BTC-5 push-pull cars

Locomotives

TCDD E68000 electric locomotive in Turkey
  • Bangladesh – Bangladesh Railway Classes 2900, 3000 diesel-electric locomotives (both under EMD licence)
  • South Korea – Korail
    • Class 4400 (GT18B-M) diesel-electric locomotives
    • Class 7000, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7400, 7500 (GT26CW series) diesel-electric locomotives
    • Class 7600 (GE PowerHaul) diesel-electric locomotives
    • Class 8000 electric locomotives (4 of 94, under Alstom licence)
    • Class 8100, 8200 electric locomotives (under Siemens licence)
    • Class 8500 electric locomotives
  • Tanzania – E68000 electric locomotives for Tanzania SGR[66][67]
  • Turkey – TCDD E68000 electric locomotives (8 of 80, the remaining were licensed to TÜLOMSAŞ to build)

Maglev trains

ECOBEE maglev train

Major train refurbishment / electrical components

  • China – Traction system and motors for Shenzhen Metro Line 3 EMUs[68]
  • Singapore – Refurbishment of Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151 trains with Mitsui and LexBuild[69]

Railway signalling

Hyundai Rotem is also involved in South Korea's national research project to develop a domestic railway signalling system, known as Korean Train Control System (KTCS), together with Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Korea National Railway, Korail,[70] as well as other industry players such as LS Electric.[71] In 2018, KTCS-2, a category of KTCS designed for mainline tracks, was successfully developed, then with the R&D, performance verification, and product certification completed by Hyundai Rotem.[70] In 2023 and 2024, commercial operation of KTCS-2 systems installed by Hyundai Rotem commenced on the Jeolla Line[72] and Daegyeong Line,[70] respectively.

In commercial operation

  • Jeolla Line (KTCS-2)[72]
  • Daegyeong Line (KTCS-2)[70]

On test

Defense products

K1 main battle tank
K2 Black Panther main battle tank
  • K1 main battle tank (MBT)
  • K1 armoured recovery vehicle (ARV)
  • K2 Black Panther MBT
  • K600 Rhino combat engineering vehicle (CEV)
  • K808 White Tiger armored personnel carrier (APC)
  • K806 White Tiger APC
  • Decon machinery
  • 60-ton heavy equipment transporter (HET)
  • K1 tank gunnery trainer
  • Depot maintenance
  • Integrated logistics system

Plant and Machinery products

Selected railway projects

Hyderabad Metro

Hyderabad Metro Rail announced on September 12, 2012, that it has awarded the rolling stock tender to Hyundai Rotem of South Korea. The tender is for 57 rakes consisting of 171 cars which will delivered phase wise at least 9 months before the commencement of each stage. On 22 May 2014 the first train had arrived at Uppal depot in Hyderabad. On 31 December 2014, Hyderabad Metro created a new technology record by successfully running a train in Automatic Train Operation (ATO) mode for the first time on Indian soil between Nagole and Mettuguda.[74]

Istanbul Marmaray (TCDD E32000)

On November 11, 2008, Hyundai Rotem announced that it had signed a €580m contract to supply the rolling stock for the Marmaray cross-Bosporus tunnel project, later known as TCDD E32000, in Istanbul. It was chosen ahead of Alstom, CAF, and a consortium of Bombardier, Siemens, and Nurol, for the 440-car contract which was placed by the Ministry of Transport's General Directorate of Railways, Harbours & Airports.[75]

The stainless steel cars are formed into ten-car and five-car EMUs. Some production were carried out locally by EUROTEM, Hyundai Rotem's joint venture with Turkish rolling stock manufacturer TÜVASAŞ. The trains were expected to arrive in three batches, the first 160 cars by 2011, the last by June 2014. The first EMUs went into service along Istanbul's two commuter rail lines from 2012 and 2013. On 29 October 2013, the first 5-car sets began operating between Kazlıçeşme and Ayrılıkçeşmesi as part of Phase I of the Marmaray project.[76]

Controversies

Boston MBTA

Hyundai Rotem was awarded a contract with Boston's MBTA in early 2008 for the construction of 75 cars. The contract entails the delivery of the first 4 cars by October 2010 while the remaining 71 cars were scheduled to be delivered by the end of 2012. However, due to chronic delays, shoddy workmanship, material shortage, and the death of Hyundai Rotem's chief executive, M.H. Lee, in November 2012, only four cars have been delivered by the end of 2012. On December 21, 2012, the MBTA sent a letter to Hyundai Rotem threatening to cancel the contract if a solution is not soon reached, which, would be a breach of the contract terms.[77] Since then, the new cars have continued to experience various mechanical problems resulting in car shortages and delays.[78] Despite this, as of 2024, the MBTA has been exercising the option to order additional train cars.[79]

Ukrainian Railways HRCS2 trains

In December 2010, Ukrainian Railways entered into contract with Hyundai Rotem to order 10 multiple units of HRCS2 trains in preparation for the football championship UEFA Euro 2012 to transport passengers between cities that would host sporting events. The first two trains were delivered by ship to Odesa on March 11, 2012, which were than transferred to Kharkiv for acceptance testing.[80] Six units passed their acceptance tests by June 1, 2012 and were deployed during the Euro 2012 tournament. The remaining four trains arrived around August 2012. Passenger service using these trains officially started on May 27, 2012 with Kyiv-Kharkiv and Kyiv-Lviv routes.[81] The trains are used on a premium service introduced in Ukraine specifically for them, called Intercity and Intercity+ (Ukrainian: Інтерсіті+).[82][83]

However, due to the short timeframe between entering the contract and delivery of the first trains (approximately 15 months), the trains had not undergone full-scale four-season tests, as is usually done in the railway industry.[84] In December 2012 the trains were breaking down almost on a daily basis due to cold weather.[85][86] This led to criticism by passengers and then President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych that the trains were bought.[84][87] Hyundai Rotem offered its apologies to Ukrainian passengers, citing its "first winter in the country".[88] The company will have its own team of engineers in Ukraine till 2018.[84] In early October 2013 the company guaranteed "continuous operation" of the Intercity+ trains in the coming autumn and winter.[89] However, all trains were taken out of service on February 12, 2014.[90] Service resumed with one train set on April 29, 2014.[91] Further rectifying works were scheduled to be completed by July 2014.[92] After further maintenance, train performance had been stabilized. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, these trains were one of the lifelines for maintaining adequate railway services.[93]

In August 2024, there were reports suggesting that Ukrainian Railways intended to order 20 more train sets from Hyundai Rotem as part of their modernization of train fleet.[94][95]

See also

  • Economy of South Korea
  • Dawonsys
  • Woojin Industrial Systems
  • Sung Shin Rolling Stock Technology

Notes

  1. ↑ The contract was entered between the then Taiwan Railway Administration and Hyundai Precision, with the latter building passenger cars, and Union Carriage & Wagon building locomotives.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "HYUNDAI ROTEM 064350". FnGuide. https://comp.fnguide.com/SVO3/ASP/SVD_Main.asp?gicode=A064350. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/upload/2025/6/20250630104945046270.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "Domestic | Hyundai Rotem" (in en). https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/en/company/corporate/domestic/content.do. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Overview | Hyundai Rotem" (in en). https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/en/company/intro/content.do. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Status" (in Korean). http://www.koros.co.kr/kr/introduction/status.asp. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "History" (in Korean). http://www.koros.co.kr/kr/introduction/history.asp. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ja-Ryong, Koo (2002-05-14). "3 Merger Firms Getting into the Black". https://www.donga.com/en/article/all/20020514/222650/1. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Company Report: Hyundai Rotem" (in en). 2014-10-28. https://securities.miraeasset.com/bbs/maildownload/2014102723510183. 
  9. ↑ Jacobs, A. J. (in en). The Korean Automotive Industry, Volume 2: Asian Crisis to Today, 1997–2020. Springer International Publishing. p. 36-37. ISBN 9783031364525. 
  10. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem, South Korea’s Leading Rolling Stock Company". 4 June 2018. https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?menu_cate=business&board_seq=336259. 
  11. ↑ "Hyundai Mobis Sustainability Report 2017" (in en). p. 5. https://www.mobis.com/upload/202203250509248630.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "20 Years of Korean High-Speed Rail History" (in en). p. 85. https://korass.or.kr/_img/web/ebook_fileen.pdf. 
  13. ↑ "World Business Briefing - South Korea: Railroad Acquisition" (in en). 2001-08-30. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/30/business/worldbusiness/world-business-briefing.html. 
  14. ↑ "Corporate Identity" (in ko). http://www.koros.co.kr/kr/introduction/ci.asp. 
  15. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). 2014-08-07. https://www.idomin.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=455892. 
  16. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Korean). http://www.koros.co.kr/kr/news/anounce_more.asp?idx=64&page=1&search=. 
  17. ↑ "Homepage" (in Korean). http://koros.co.kr/kr/. 
  18. ↑ "Morgan Stanley buys a stake in Hyundai Motor affiliate" (in en). 2006-09-12. https://www.privateequityinternational.com/morgan-stanley-buys-a-stake-in-hyundai-motor-affiliate/. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Hyundai Rotem | Morgan Stanley" (in en). https://www.morganstanley.com/im/en-us/capital-seeker/companies/hyundai-rotem.html. 
  20. ↑ Suk-yee, Jung (2018-06-05). "Morgan Stanley PE Sells off Hyundai Rotem Shares Worth 200 Bil. Won" (in en). https://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=22815. 
  21. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Korean). 4 December 2007. https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/ko/company/press/details.do?searchKeyword=&typeCd=&pageIndex=45&seq=698. 
  22. ↑ Ho-Jeong, Lee (30 October 2013). "Investors are all aboard on Hyundai Rotem IPO". https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2013/10/30/industry/Investors-are-all-aboard-on-Hyundai-Rotem-IPO/2979690.html. 
  23. ↑ "Overview | Hyundai Mobis - E-Hall of History" (in en). https://www.mobis.com/en/aboutus/aboutus.do. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "Hyundai Rotem’s Experiences and New Solutions". http://transportes.gov.br/public/arquivo/arq1302017983.pdf. 
  25. ↑ "Philly railcar maker Hyundai Rotem gives up and leaves town". Philadelphia Inquirer. 2018-08-17. https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/inq-phillydeals/septa-hyundai-rotem-crrc-rail-cars-philadelphia-20180817.html. 
  26. ↑ "(LEAD) Hyundai Rotem secures 1st high-speed train export deal in Uzbekistan" (in en). Yonhap News Agency. 14 June 2024. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240614007251315. 
  27. ↑ "Korea's KTX makes first overseas export deal with Uzbekistan" (in en). Korea JoongAng Daily. 14 June 2024. https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-06-14/national/politics/Koreas-KTX-makes-first-overseas-export-deal-with-Uzbekistan/2068904. 
  28. ↑ "High-speed rail KTX to see first export via Uzbekistan deal" (in en). 17 June 2024. https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sci-Tech/view?articleId=253361. 
  29. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem Achieves TSI Certification, Overcoming High Barriers in the European High-Speed Train Market" (in en). https://tech.hyundai-rotem.com/en/hyundai-rotem-achieves-tsi-certification-overcoming-high-barriers-in-the-european-high-speed-train-market/. 
  30. ↑ (in Korean)Yonhap News Agency. 2025-02-26. https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250226023100003. 
  31. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Korean). 2025-02-26. https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/ko/company/press/details.do?searchKeyword=&typeCd=&pageIndex=1&seq=2411. 
  32. ↑ (in Korean)ChosunBiz. 2025-02-26. https://biz.chosun.com/policy/politics/2025/02/26/FEPIZU2KA5BZBFPNDTNCQTCGLA/. 
  33. ↑ "Highlights of Hyundai Rotem's Hydrogen High-Speed Train Technology Vision at RailLog Korea 2023" (in en). https://tech.hyundai-rotem.com/en/highlights-of-hyundai-rotems-hydrogen-high-speed-train-technology-vision-at-raillog-korea-2023/. 
  34. ↑ Choi, Sang-won (2021-04-20). "Hyundai Rotem unveils S. Korea's first hydrogen tram" (in en). https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_business/991822.html. 
  35. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem's railway technology at InnoTrans 2022" (in en). https://tech.hyundai-rotem.com/en/global-railway-trends-on-show-at-innotrans-2022-worlds-largest-railway-trade-fair/. 
  36. ↑ "Hydrogen fuel cell tram". https://ifdesign.com/en/winner-ranking/project/hydrogen-fuel-cell-tram/570764. 
  37. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem's Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tram Recognized for its Value at the Global Design Awards" (in en). https://tech.hyundai-rotem.com/en/hyundai-rotems-hydrogen-fuel-cell-tram-recognized-for-its-value-at-the-global-design-awards/. 
  38. ↑ "Hydrogen Mobility and Advanced Railway Technology System from Hyundai Rotem Unveiled at RailLog Korea 2023" (in en). https://tech.hyundai-rotem.com/en/hydrogen-mobility-and-advanced-railway-technology-system-from-hyundai-rotem-unveiled-at-raillog-korea-2023/. 
  39. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem's Next Generation Transportation Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tram". HMG Newsroom. 9 September 2024. https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/infographics/CONT0000000000160582. 
  40. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem Declares "Paradigm Shift to Eco-friendly Mobility through Hydrogen Energy" at InnoTrans 2024" (in en). https://tech.hyundai-rotem.com/en/hyundai-rotem-declares-paradigm-shift-to-eco-friendly-mobility-through-hydrogen-energy-at-innotrans-2024/. 
  41. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Korean). 27 August 2024. https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/pc/view/view.do?ncd=8044503. 
  42. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem’s Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tram Selected as One of the “Top 10 Achievements in Industrial Technology R&D 2024.”" (in en). https://tech.hyundai-rotem.com/en/hyundai-rotems-hydrogen-fuel-cell-tram-selected-as-one-of-the-top-10-achievements-in-industrial-technology-rd-2024/. 
  43. ↑ "Hydrogen Mobility | Hyundai Rotem". https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/en/business/rail/details.do?productNm=Hydrogen%20Mobility. 
  44. ↑ "Maryborough’s Downer locked in as Queensland’s rail manufacturing powerhouse". 30 June 2023. https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/98096. 
  45. ↑ Hyung-Kyu, Kim (30 June 2023). "Hyundai Rotem wins $917 mn Australian electric train project". https://www.kedglobal.com/business-politics/newsView/ked202306300013. 
  46. ↑ "Queensland Train Manufacturing Program brings more investment to Maryborough". 22 November 2023. https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/99209. 
  47. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem's locomotives and trainsets for TRC" (in en). 2023-08-04. https://railmarket.com/news/passenger-rail/7163-first-views-of-the-hyundai-rotem-locomotives-and-trainsets-for-trc. 
  48. ↑ "Tanzania's SGR charges ahead with arrival of modern trains" (in en). 2024-04-03. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tanzania-s-sgr-charges-ahead-with-arrival-of-modern-trains-4577464. 
  49. ↑ "EMUs - Tunisia EMUs". http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop03.asp. 
  50. ↑ "RFR Line D inaugurated" (in en). 25 January 2025. https://www.tap.info.tn/en/Portal-Top-News-EN/18352009-rfr-line-d. 
  51. ↑ "Tunis finally opens RFR Line E". 20 April 2023. https://www.railwaygazette.com/infrastructure/tunis-finally-opens-rfr-line-e/63977.article. 
  52. ↑ Artymiuk, Simon (2023-05-19). "Egypt: a railway investment hotspot" (in en). Archived on 2023-06-05. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://www.railjournal.com/in_depth/egypt-a-railway-investment-hotspot/. 
  53. ↑ "PM Modi hops on Hyundai-made unmanned metro in NW India" (in en). 2019-03-06. https://pulse.mk.co.kr/news/english/8715292. 
  54. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh-hans). 6 February 2020. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20200206-1026732. 
  55. ↑ 현대로템, 대만 무인경전철 첫 편성 출고 [Hyundai Rotem rolls out first batch of Taiwan's unmanned light rail]. Hyundai Rotem (Press release) (in Korean). 27 December 2024. Archived from the original on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  56. ↑ "政府電子採購網 - YH1102CR381A 高運量電聯車(含列車通訊設備)工程" (in zh-hant). Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan. 2023-06-17. Archived from the original on 2025-04-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20250408100846/https://web.pcc.gov.tw/tps/atm/AtmAwardWithoutSso/QueryAtmAwardDetail?pkAtmMain=NzAxMjk3MDc=. Retrieved 2025-04-08. 
  57. ↑ 民視英語新聞 Taiwan News Formosa TV (2024-03-26). Taipei Metro to acquire new state-of-the-art trains from South Korea｜Taiwan News. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via YouTube.
  58. ↑ Preston, Robert (2025-04-11). "Taichung automated metro contracts awarded" (in en). https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/taichung-automated-metro-contracts-awarded/. 
  59. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem Wins $664MM LA Metro Order" (in en-US). 2024-02-06. https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/hyundai-rotem-wins-us-664m-order-for-la-metro-trains/. 
  60. ↑ "2024 End-of-Season LRT Construction Update" (in en). https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/transit/lrt-construction-update. 
  61. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem trams with Medcom power electronics use over 20% less energy than expected" (in en). 2024-07-25. https://medcom.com.pl/en/news/hyundai-rotem-trams-with-medcom-power-electronics-use-over-20-less-energy-than-expected. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 62.5 "Tram and LRVs | Hyundai Rotem" (in en). Archived from the original on 2025-02-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20250208122021/https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/en/business/rail/details.do?productNm=Tram%20and%20LRVs. Retrieved 2025-03-02. 
  63. ↑ Sukarno, Puput Ady (2017-02-02). "Hyundai Rotem Pemenang Tender Rolling Stock LRT DKI Jakarta" (in id). https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20170202/98/625375/hyundai-rotem-pemenang-tender-rolling-stock-lrt-dki-jakarta. 
  64. ↑ "LRT Jakarta" (in en). https://www.lrtjakarta.co.id/faq21.html. 
  65. ↑ "DMUs - Iran Intercity DMUs". http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop14.asp. 
  66. ↑ "New locomotives for Tanzania" (in en). 2024-01-03. https://www.railvolution.net/news/new-locomotives-for-tanzania. 
  67. ↑ "Tanzania Railways Corporation Receives New Rolling Stock". 2024-01-08. https://www.railwaysafrica.com/news/tanzania-railways-corporation-receives-new-rolling-stock. 
  68. ↑ Kim, Hyun-cheol (2008-05-18). "Rotem Taps Into Chinese Railway Market" (in en). Archived from the original. Error: If you specify |archiveurl=, you must also specify |archivedate=. https://web.archive.org/web/20250414142212/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/amp/business/companies/20080518/rotem-taps-into-chinese-railway-market. 
  69. ↑ シンガポールにおける地下鉄電車改修案件の受注について [Order Received for Metro Train Renovation Project in Singapore] (Press release) (in 日本語). Mitsui (Archived). 2004-09-03. Archived from the original on 2009-11-13.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 현대로템, 한국형 열차제어시스템 본격 운행 돌입 [Hyundai Rotem Begins Full-Scale Operation of Korean Train Control System]. Hyundai Rotem (Press release) (in Korean). 16 December 2024. Archived from the original on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  71. ↑ "KTCS-2" (in Korean). https://www.ls-electric.com/ko/product/category/CCC001004. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Vitale, Caterina (14 November 2023). "Hyundai Rotem launches KTCS-2 system along Jeolla line". https://www.railway-technology.com/news/hyundai-rotem-launches-ktcs-2-system-along-jeolla-line/?cf-view. 
  73. ↑ "Signaling | Hyundai Rotem". https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/en/business/rail/details.do?productNm=Signaling. 
  74. ↑ "Metro rail goes on first automatic trial run" (in en). The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/metro-rail-goes-on-first-automatic-trial-run/article6742659.ece. 
  75. ↑ "Hyundai Rotem signs Marmaray train contract". 14 November 2008. http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/marmaray-train-contract-signed.html. 
  76. ↑ "A General Introduction to the Marmaray Project". 25 July 2016. http://uic.org/com/uic-e-news/372/article/a-general-introduction-to-the?page=iframe_enews. 
  77. ↑ Moskowitz, Eric (10 January 2013). "MBTA threatens to cancel $190m deal for rail cars". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2013/01/10/mbta-threatens-cancel-deal-for-rail-cars/PVa86CM0EWA4PL5a0gZuTP/story.html. 
  78. ↑ Powers, Martine (29 January 2014). "MBTA's new rail cars heading for a retooling". Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/01/29/problems-plague-new-hyundai-rotem-commuter-rail-cars/0WOOTVM6DWMty4nXvUtnpL/story.html. 
  79. ↑ "MBTA orders more bilevel commuter cars" (in en). 23 November 2024. https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/mbta-orders-more-bilevel-commuter-cars/. 
  80. ↑ "Ukraine receives first two new Hyundai Rotem emus" (in en). March 15, 2012. https://www.railjournal.com/rolling-stock/ukraine-receives-first-two-new-hyundai-rotem-emus/. 
  81. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in uk). May 25, 2012. https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/poyizdi-hyundai-poraduyut-ukrayinciv-providnikami-i-rozcharuyut-shumoizolyaciyeyu.html. 
  82. ↑ ""Хюндай"-революція" (in uk). June 1, 2012. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192804/http://www.gazeta.lviv.ua/print/life/2012/06/01/3117. 
  83. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in uk). February 6, 2012. https://uz.gov.ua/press_center/latest_news/archive/main_2011/page-3/314616/. 
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 "What do Hyundai trains suffer from?" (in en). February 6, 2013. http://www.day.kiev.ua/en/article/economy/what-do-hyundai-trains-suffer. 
  85. ↑ "Pricey trains break down, can't operate in cold weather" (in en). December 21, 2012. http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/pricey-trains-break-down-cant-operate-in-cold-weather-318008.html. 
  86. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in uk). December 22, 2012. http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2012/12/22/6980292/. 
  87. ↑ "Ukraine to stop purchases of Hyundai trains" (in en). January 25, 2013. http://www.railwaybulletin.com/2013/01/ukraine-to-stop-purchases-of-hyundai-trains. 
  88. ↑ "Hyundai Company apologizes to Ukrainian passengers for discomfort in using high-speed trains" (in en). December 21, 2012. http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/hyundai-company-apologizes-to-ukrainian-passengers-for-discomfort-in-using-high-speed-trains-318001.html. 
  89. ↑ "Hyundai Corporation guarantees continuous operation of Intercity+ trains in winter" (in en). October 4, 2013. https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/hyundai-corporation-guarantees-continuous-operation-of-intercity-trains-in-winter-330135.html. 
  90. ↑ "Ukrzaliznytsia cancels Hyundai high-speed train routes". February 12, 2014. https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/business/ukrzaliznytsia-cancels-hyundai-high-speed-train-routes-336727.html. 
  91. ↑ "Second Hyundai train to start running on Kyiv-Kharkiv route from May 24" (in en). May 22, 2014. https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/second-hyundai-train-to-start-running-on-kyiv-kharkiv-route-from-may-24-348873.html. 
  92. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in uk). April 29, 2014. http://www.magistral-uz.com.ua/news/poizd-intersiti-virobnictva-hyundai-rotem-povernuvsja-na-marshrut-kiiv--harkiv--kiiv.html. 
  93. ↑ Choi, Jasmine (2023-10-11). "Hyundai Rotem Assists Ukrainian War Refugees with Rail Transportation" (in en). Archived from the original on 2023-10-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20231015222515/https://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=203261. Retrieved 2025-03-27. 
  94. ↑ "Ukraine is negotiating with South Korea to purchase 20 Hyundai trains worth $400M for UZ." (in en). 2024-08-16. Archived from the original on 2024-10-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20241014091209/https://ubn.news/ukraine-is-negotiating-with-south-korea-to-purchase-20-hyundai-trains-worth-400m-for-uz/. Retrieved 2025-03-27. 
  95. ↑ "Ukrzaliznytsia Acquires 20 New Hyundai Rotem Trains: Timeline, Cost, and Prospects" (in en). 2024-08-15. Archived from the original on 2024-09-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20240906183153/https://www.railway.supply/en/ukrzaliznytsia-acquires-20-new-hyundai-rotem-trains-timeline-cost-and-prospects/. Retrieved 2025-03-27. 

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