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Lyoness

Topic: Company

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 14 min
Short description: Multi-level marketing company
MyWorld
FormerlyLyoness
TypePrivate
IndustryMulti-level marketing
Founded2003
FoundersIwan J. Ackermann, Max Meienberg, Uwe Proch
HeadquartersGraz, Austria
Key people
Hubert Freidl
Number of employees
980 employees[1]

myWorld, formerly Lyoness,[2][3][4] is a multi-level marketing company[5][6][7][8][9] established in Austria in 2003. According to Lyoness, the company was active in more than 40 countries, spread over six continents, and their shopping community consisted of more than five million members as of 2016.[1] In several countries Lyoness is suspected as being, or ruled as being, a pyramid scheme.

Business model

Shopping community

Lyoness operates an international, cross-sectoral shopping community, from which members and merchants presumably benefit through cashback discounts and customer loyalty, respectively.[10] Lyoness announced that starting July 2014, all network marketing activities are to be bundled under the new brand "Lyconet".[11]

The Lyoness shopping community currently has (as of July 2016) an estimated seven million members around the globe, who receive discounts while shopping at 80,000 Lyoness (2017) partners with over 300,000 points of acceptance.[12] Through the discounts systems, members receive direct discounts of 1-5% in the form of cash back on every purchase made at a Lyoness partner.[13] Depending on the country, the sum of the obtained discounts needs to be 5 or 10 euros or higher in order for it to be transferred to the bank account of the Lyoness member.[14]

Cashback and Shopping Points

Cashback and Shopping Points are Member Benefits that are generated when purchasing at a Lyoness Loyalty Merchant. The benefits are depending on the merchant's conditions. Shopping Points can be used for Shopping Point Deals, which could be described as vouchers. Lyoness will transfer the earned Cashback to the bank account registered by the Member.[15]

Friendship bonus

Next to discounts over personal purchases, Lyoness members receive an 0.5% commission over the purchases made by the people they have introduced to Lyoness, as well as 0.5% over the purchases made by the people introduced by the people they have brought in.[13] Lyoness refers to this system as the ‘Friendship Bonus’.[13]

Corporate structure

In 2004, the CEO of Lyoness, Hubert Freidl, was hired as the company's director.[16] Lyoness comprises at least seven corporations registered in Switzerland ,[17] nine corporations registered in Austria[18] and approximately 42 additional national and regional corporations all around the globe.[19] The name "Lyoness" was derived from the Celtic mythological kingdom "Lyonesse".[20] "Lyconet" was introduced in 2014 as a new trademark name for the same group of corporations.

International organisation

The Lyoness and Lyconet trademark names cover various corporate structures. The overarching holding corporation is named 'Lyoness International AG', which is supported by several administrative departments (which are registered corporate structures): including: Lyoness eBiz GmbH, Lyoness Dataservice GmbH, Lyoness Lyco Soft GmbH, Lyoness Child & Family Foundation, Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation.[19]

Continental and country organisation

The continental organisations are subsidiaries of Lyoness International AG and are registered as stock corporations. These are: Lyoness Europe AG (founded in 2003), "Lyoness IMEA S.A." (2009), Lyoness North America Ltd., "Lyoness South America S.A.", "Lyoness Asia Ltd." (2011).[19]

The country offices are subsidiaries of the continental stock corporations and are registered as privately owned, limited-liability companies.[19]

Cooperations

Lyoness has initiated Cashback cooperations with several sports clubs in Europe since 2015:

  • MotoGP (via Dorna Sports)[21]
  • SK Rapid Wien[22][23]
  • Austrian Golf Association[24][25]
  • HC Slovan Bratislava[26]
  • SK Slavia Praha[27]
  • Legia Warszawa[28]
  • Federazione Italiana Golf[29]
  • Österreichische Sporthilfe[30]
  • Lechia Gdansk[31]
  • Lech Poznan[32]
  • Wisla Kraków[33]
  • Landesfeuerwehrverband Steiermark[34]
  • HC Kometa Brno[35]
  • Velux EHF Final4[36]
  • Jokerit Helsinki[37]

Social involvement

According to Lyoness, every purchase made by its members at its partner companies benefits the Lyoness Child and Family Foundation (a Lyoness-owned charity organisation)[38][failed verification] and the Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation (a Lyoness-owned organisation promoting sustainability).[39]

In 2012, Lyoness announced that it and its affiliated Greenfinity foundation would be the title sponsors of the Austrian Open golf tournament for three seasons, through to 2014.[40][41] Lyoness also sponsored the ‘European Juniors League’, a European football competition for youth teams,[42] as well as Austrian club SK Rapid Wien.[43] Lyoness announced that it would pay 9 million euros over 5 soccer seasons but would not be the main sponsor of Rapid Wien.[44][failed verification]

Legality and alleged deceptive practices

One year after Lyoness was founded, in 2004, the Austrian criminal police (Kriminalpolizei) published an article[45] in the December issue of its organisation’s magazine, in which it warned of the resurfacing of Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes in Austria. Lyoness was explicitly mentioned in this article. The company contested the allegations publicly.[46] In 2005, Austrian Parliament member, Johann Maier (SPÖ) asked the then-incumbent Austrian Minister of Justice (Karin Miklautsch, BZÖ) parliamentary questions about the reports filed against alleged pyramid schemes in Austria in 2004.[47] Lyoness was one of the organisations complaints were filed against.[47]

In 2008, the Austrian Chamber of Labour (‘Arbeiterkammer’) of Steiermark issued a warning against Lyoness, listing its alleged privacy violations, misleading advertising, deceptive information and unrealistic and negligible benefits as red flags for doing business with Lyoness.[48]

In March 2010, the Swiss magazine Beobachter published an article[49] by Pascale Hofmeier entitled "Lyoness: Hands off". In the article, Sara Stalder of the Swiss Consumer Union and Manuel Richard of the Swiss Gambling Commission warn consumers not to do business with Lyoness. In early 2012, Kleine Zeitung published an article[50] suggesting that Lyoness deceived the masses by operating an irrelevant shopping community. L'Hebdo, a Swiss magazine, reproduced a story about how Lyoness members are told that an investment of 3,000 CHF will eventually lead to 25,000 CHF in return, if enough new, down-paying members are recruited.[51]

In February 2012, the Beobachter published an article[52] stating that, based on review of internal Lyoness communication, members are offered ‘bounties’ up to 45,000 CHF to provide ‘relevant information’ on Lyoness’ critics. A critic from Zurich was reported to have been sued for over 1 million CHF for ‘defamation’ after he contacted Lyoness’ partner companies in Switzerland in an attempt to explain the business model of Lyoness to them. The article also reported that the Lyoness business model seems to revolve around recruiting activities instead of discounts and that Lyoness is internationally charged with forgery, fraud and hosting a pyramid scheme.

Der Standard reported in July 2012 that the Austrian Economic and Corruption Prosecutor (‘WKStA’) has been granted jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute Lyoness in Austria.[53] The Swiss Handelszeitung mentioned a court case Lyoness lost, which revolved around the question as to whether the company should have issued a financial prospectus before asking investors to finance their advertising campaigns in foreign markets.[54] In September 2012, the same newspaper reported[55] that major, alleged Lyoness partners in Switzerland (Microsoft and Kuoni Travel) were deciding not to continue the partnerships, if there were any to begin with. The Wiener Zeitung reported[56] about a pending lawsuit initiated by the Austrian Consumer Organisation ‘VKI’ in March 2013. The VKI contested 61 clauses of Lyoness’ ‘General Terms and Conditions’, which it called opaque, uncertain, and/or meaningless.[56][57][58] Eric Breiteneder, hired as a legal representative by the organisation, also referred to the concepts used to distinguish various parts of – and benefits within the Lyoness business model as vague and/or undefined elsewhere.[59][60]

The Handelszeitung reported about suspicions that high-level Lyoness members were earlier involved in (other) pyramid schemes, like the ‘Spirit of Independence’.[61] It also mentioned a system called ‘GTS’ (Global Trade System), operated by Erin Trade SA, as a former organisation tied to Hubert Freidl.[61] Like Lyoness, this company has been called a pyramid scheme in the public debate.[61] The Kleine Zeitung reported that various experts were looking at the investment schemes for advertising campaigns organised by Lyoness, and whether a prospectus was required before attracting capital from investors.[57] Lyoness-hired[62] professor Susanne Kalls concluded that no capital market regulations were violated by not issuing a prospectus; attorney Karl Hengstberger came to the opposite conclusion[57] but agreed with Kalls that the Lyoness business package does not constitute an investment.[57] In the same article, Lyoness spokesman Mathias Vorbach admits that the company may have had some trouble before, but that those days are behind it – Lyoness has learned from its mistakes.[57] He asserts that legal problems have only appeared in Austria (a contested claim) and that 95% of the Lyoness members just shop and do not participate in the earning models offered by Lyoness.[57] However, the Beobachter, after reportedly considering internal Lyoness documents, published an article[63] suggesting that 99.7% of the Lyoness turnover derives from down-payments on future purchases, not from actual shopping or (saved up) discounts.

In September 2009, Lyoness hired criminal law expert Peter Lewisch to assess whether the company's business model violated the Austrian law concerning illegal pyramid schemes.[64] The study, conducted by Lewisch in September 2013, argued that Lyoness is not a pyramid scheme under Austrian legislation. [64] The judges of the regional court in Krems,[65] Austria, however concluded that the business model of Lyoness is so "Ponzi-Scheme-like", that contracts between the company and its business partners are not valid.[66] Lyoness has been declared a pyramid scheme by at least four independent civil courts in Austria.[67] Additionally it was reported that the Austrian Consumers Union has filed suit against Lyoness for providing participants with unclear and deceptive terms and conditions.[56] VKI represented clients who contended they invested money in the advertising campaigns organised by Lyoness, and several option trading packages offered by Lyoness, but were not provided with a prospectus. VKI won their case against Lyoness and the court ruled that the 61 contested clauses are indeed unlawful, making the contracts between Lyoness and its premium members not legally binding under Austrian law.[68][69] Further civil proceedings have been combined into a class-action lawsuit worth millions of euros, initiated by process financier Advofin, and supported and recommended by the Austrian Consumers Union (VKI).[70][71] The lawsuit will be filed in Amsterdam.[72][73]

Lyoness is suspected to be a pyramid scheme in several of the countries it operates in. In its homeland Austria, Lyoness has been declared a pyramid scheme by four independent civil courts.[67] Criminal investigations have also been concluded by the Austrian Economic and Corruption Prosecutor ("WKStA"), who maintains that Lyoness operates an illegal pyramid scheme.[74][75] Lyoness expects to be cleared of all charges.[76] In Australia, Lyoness was under prosecution by the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) for operating an illegal pyramid scheme.[77][78] The trial has ended and the judgment was reserved.[79][80] In Sweden, the responsible authority concluded that Lyoness is a pyramid scheme and reported Lyoness to the Stockholm police.[81] While initially halted, an appeal by the Gaming Board led to a continuation of the investigation by the Stockholm Police.[82] In Poland, France, Hungary and Lithuania, similar investigations have been conducted or are ongoing.[83][84][85][86][87] In Greece, the Austrian Lyoness directors have been accused of various types of fraud by the local authorities.[88][89] Lyoness vehemently denies all allegations.

In October 2015, the Federal Court of Australia found that the loyalty program was not a pyramid scheme as the ACCC had originally claimed.[90] The latest decision in Austria also declared that Lyoness is not classified as fraud or any illegal pyramid scheme by the Austrian Economic and Corruption Prosecutor ("WKStA").[91][92] In April 2016, the Vienna Regional Court stated that Lyoness is not a pyramid scheme. This decision is legally binding and can no longer be subject to appeal.[93][94][95][96][97]

In Australia, The ACCC, after researching Lyoness for a while, instituted proceedings against Lyoness International AG, Lyoness Asia Limited, Lyoness UK Limited and Lyoness Australia Pty Limited (together ‘Lyoness’) for operating a pyramid selling scheme and engaging in referral selling.[77][78] The ACCC alleges that Lyoness has operated the scheme in Australia from mid-2011 and that it continues to operate the scheme. The scheme offers ‘cash back’ rebates to members who shop through a Lyoness portal, use Lyoness vouchers or present their Lyoness card at certain retailers. Whilst cash back offers themselves are not prohibited by the Australian Consumer Law, the ACCC alleges that the Lyoness scheme also offers commissions to members who recruit new members who make a down payment on future shopping. The ACCC is seeking declarations, pecuniary penalties, injunctions, an order requiring the Lyoness website to link to the case report and costs. As Lyoness International AG, Lyoness Asia Limited and Lyoness UK Limited are located overseas, the ACCC will be making arrangements for service on those entities. The case is before Justice Flick of the Federal Court in Sydney.[98] Lyoness have submitted their defence in October 2014, and the next hearing will be in February 2015.[78] Australian victims claim to have lost thousands of dollars each to Lyoness.[99] The trial has ended and the judgment was reserved.[79][80] In Greece, an arrest warrant was issued in August 2015 against the Austrian directors of Lyoness Greece. On the 10th of August 2015 the Prosecutor of Thessaloniki Court of First Instance issued an arrest warrant against Herbert Teissel and his wife Anna Teissel, alleged directors of Lyoness Greece, for attempted fraud.[88][89] Lyoness vehemently denies all allegations.

In January 2019, Italy’s Competition Authority (AGCM) ruled that the Lyoness cashback formula, which promises a percentage refund of the money spent by consumers shopping at the company’s affiliated retailers, is an unfair and deceptive commercial practice that constitutes a pyramid scheme according to the Italian Consumer Code, and imposed a penalty of €3,200,000 against the company.[100]

Television

On November 30, 2011, Dragons’ Den Canada aired an episode featuring the pitch of the Lyoness ‘Premium Member’ Andy Nyakas from Brampton, Ontario, asking the ‘Dragons’ to jointly invest CDN$175,000 to acquire Lyoness ‘business packages’ through him.[101] None of the Dragons were willing to invest. Instead, they ridiculed him and his business idea, suggesting that it's 'distasteful', and 'a pyramid scheme’. Robert Herjavec also advised Nyakis, who borrowed against his house to acquire Lyoness positions, not to invest any more money in the Lyoness system.[101]

Another television show that has reported on Lyoness is the Austrian public television program ORF Report. This programme aired episodes under the names ‘Lyoness - The money machine’ (November 13, 2012),[102] 'Shopping Community Lyoness' (November27th, 2013)[103] and ‘The man behind Lyoness’ (April 24, 2013),[104] interviewing experts and former participants, which both say that Lyoness operates a pyramid scheme behind the façade of a ‘shopping community’[105] .[106] The latter episode also features hidden camera footage of Hubert Freidl telling his followers that spreading ‘Cashback Cards’ is irrelevant – ‘it is all about the positions, positions, positions, positions’.[106]

Income

From a Lyoness income disclosure statement[107] can be derived that the average Lyoness member in the United States receives a gross annual commission of approximately $275, or $23 per month. The monthly median commission value of $0.38 indicates that the vast majority of the members receives a lower commission than the 23 dollar monthly average.[107]

Additionally, the document states that 46% of the Lyoness members makes $0 in commission and that the average annual expenditures, not taken into account when calculating the average commission, are $1,294.[107] Similar figures have been reported in 2013,[108] and in Canada.[109]

Internet

On the Internet, various websites and blogs from all over the world have focused critical attention on Lyoness, accusing the company of illegal business practices (mainly of running pyramid and Ponzi schemes) and questioning the alleged partnerships between Lyoness and several multinational corporations, as well as the validity and relevance of the certificates granted to the Lyoness shopping community. In April 2013, it was reported that former (Austrian) participants of Lyoness had organised themselves and founded an organisation and website called Plattform Lyoness.[106][110] Not much later, an international equivalent was established under the name Lyoness Complaint Centre.[111]

In the beginning of June 2013, it was reported that Lyoness filed legal complaints against the founders of Plattform Lyoness.[112][113] The founders were forced to remove legal documents concerning Lyoness from their website.[112] Plattform Lyoness has reported that a preliminary injunction in a subsequent court case forced Plattform Lyoness to change its domain name from www.plattform-lyoness.at to www.lyoness-geschaedigte-plattform.at, as the court found that domain names linking to negative content about Lyoness should carry a distinctive term to indicate that the domain is not hosted by Lyoness itself.[114] Plattform Lyoness solved this by adding the term 'geschaedigte', which is the German word for 'victims'. Lyoness' other demands were not granted by the court.

In August 2015, two former employees were acquitted in Austria on charges of fraud and money laundering.[115]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “Lyoness Company Website” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 8, 2013
  2. ↑ Velasco, Paul (2018-07-02). "Inside Line: Is Eyetime part of a Ponzi scheme?" (in en-US). https://www.grandprix247.com/2018/07/02/inside-line-are-eyetime-a-ponzi-scheme/. 
  3. ↑ Røssland, Ole Martin (2018-06-05). "Stemplet som ulovlig pyramide: Nesten hele inntekten kommer fra skyer og kuponger" (in no). https://www.ba.no/5-8-811393. 
  4. ↑ Lorenz, Lauren (July 23, 2021). "Wie Lyconet und Co ihre Kunden mit Rabatten abzocken" (in de-AT). https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000128386354/wie-lyconet-und-co-ihre-kunden-mit-rabatten-abzocken. 
  5. ↑ Chung, Frank (May 31, 2017). "Multi-level marketing scheme Jeunesse Global posts record Australian sales". News.com.au. https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/other-industries/multilevel-marketing-scheme-jeunesse-global-posts-record-australian-sales/news-story/eda7ddcec4910d209736a8478a7eb419. Retrieved November 23, 2018. 
  6. ↑ Chung, Frank (August 29, 2014). "Lyoness, cashback loyalty card operator, taken to court by ACCC over allegedly operating a pyramid scheme". News.com.au. https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/lyoness-cashback-loyalty-card-operator-taken-to-court-by-accc-over-allegedly-operating-a-pyramid-scheme/news-story/7d0f8f6bbea6077c8f9dabfaa451f3e9. Retrieved November 23, 2018. 
  7. ↑ Baines, David (November 23, 2012). "David Baines: BCSC dismisses the head of its criminal investigations team". Vancouver Sun. 
  8. ↑ "Lyoness schafft sich Rechtsstreit vom Hals". Der Standard. October 20, 2013. https://derstandard.at/1381369195074/Lyoness-will-sich-Rechtsstreitigkeiten-vom-Hals-schaffen. Retrieved November 23, 2018. 
  9. ↑ Golstein, Simon (November 19, 2018). "Ten Months, No Product: Analyst "Amazed" that TenX Hasn't Been Sued". Finance Magnates. https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/news/ten-months-no-product-analyst-amazed-that-tenx-hasnt-been-sued/. 
  10. ↑ “How does Lyoness work” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
  11. ↑ "Lyoness bündelt operatives Geschäft in Graz, Österreich - BILD". http://www.finanzen.net/nachricht/aktien/Lyoness-buendelt-operatives-Geschaeft-in-Graz-Oesterreich-BILD-3482976. 
  12. ↑ “Lyoness Press Information”[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}] “Lyoness Press Information”, July 13, 2013
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
  14. ↑ “Frequently Asked Questions” “Lyoness Official Website”, July 22, 2013
  15. ↑ Lyoness. "Lyoness | General Terms and Conditions (GTCs)". https://www.lyoness.com/gb/gtc. 
  16. ↑ Excerpt from the St. Gallen (Switzerland) Chamber of Commerce, April 30, 2013
  17. ↑ “Moneyhouse: Lyoness” , “Moneyhouse Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013
  18. ↑ “Monetas: Lyoness” , “Monetas Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013
  20. ↑ Business People Top1000 2009, page 66
  21. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Moto GP Cashback | Cashback: Money back with every purchase". https://www.motogp-cashback.com. 
  22. ↑ "SK Rapid Cashback Programm operated by Lyoness". SK Rapid Wien & Lyoness Austria GmbH. https://cashback.skrapid.at/at-ra. Retrieved 2015-12-14. 
  23. ↑ "Rapid fixierte fünfjährige Partnerschaft mit Lyoness". Kleine Zeitung. 2015-06-22. http://www.kleinezeitung.at/k/sport/fussball/4760513/Rapid-fixierte-funfjaehrige-Partnerschaft-mit-Lyoness. Retrieved 2015-12-14. 
  24. ↑ "ÖGV Golf-Jugend fördern mit LYONESS Cashback". Österreichischer Golf-Verband (ÖGV) & Lyoness Austria GmbH. http://hellojuniors.golf.at/. Retrieved 2015-12-15. 
  25. ↑ ""Hello Juniors" Lyoness Cashback - Lyoness ist Partner des Österreichischen Golf-Verbandes". Österreichischer Golf Verband. http://www.golf.at/verband/aktuelle-projekte/lyoness-foerderprogramm/. Retrieved 2015-12-14. 
  26. ↑ "HC SLOVAN ako prvý klub na Slovensku prinesie vernostnú kartu". http://www.hcslovan.sk/sk/spravy/hc-slovan-ako-prvy-klub-na-slovensku-prinesie-vernostnu-kartu/. Retrieved 2015-12-14. 
  27. ↑ Lyoness. "Slavia Cashback Card | Z každého nákupu peníze zpět". https://cashback.slavia.cz/cz-sk. 
  28. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Legia Warszawa - Strona Oficjalna | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie". https://cashback.legia.com. 
  29. ↑ "La Cashback Card FIG operated by Lyoness" (in de-DE). http://cashback.federgolf.it/. 
  30. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Sporthilfe Cashback Card | Cashback: Geld zurück bei jedem Einkauf". https://cashback.sporthilfe.at. 
  31. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Lechia Gdansk Cashback Card | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie". https://cashback.lechia.pl. 
  32. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Lech Poznan Cashback Card | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie". https://cashback.lechpoznan.pl. 
  33. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Wisla Kraków Cashback Card | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie". https://cashback.wisla.krakow.pl. 
  34. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Feuerwehr Cashback Programm | Cashback: Geld zurück bei jedem Einkauf". https://www.feuerwehrcashback.at. 
  35. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "HC Kometa Cashback Card | Cashback: Z každého nákupu peníze zpět". https://cashback.kometalegends.cz. 
  36. ↑ "Home - EHF FINAL4 EN" (in en-US). http://cashback.ehffinal4.com. 
  37. ↑ WORLD, CASHBACK. "Jokerit Cashback Card | Cashback: Rahaa takaisin jokaisesta ostoksestasi". https://cashback.jokerit.com. 
  38. ↑ “General questions regarding Lyoness” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
  39. ↑ “Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation” “Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation Official Website”, June 8, 2013
  40. ↑ "Lyoness Open: Sponsors". Lyoness Open. 8 June 2013. http://www.lyonessopen.com/index.php?id=4. 
  41. ↑ "Lyoness Open Sponsor Agreement". Lyoness Open. 8 June 2013. http://www.lyoness.net/medien/ma_3/Sportzpower.com_25.05.2012.pdf. 
  42. ↑ “Lyoness European Juniors League” “European Juniors League Website”, June 8, 2013
  43. ↑ “Wirtschaftsblatt” “Wirtschaftsblatt”, June 22, 2015
  44. ↑ “Format” “Format”, June 23, 2015
  45. ↑ Gier nach Geld – Schneeballsysteme und getarnte Pyramidenspiele erleben einen neuen Aufschwung, Kriminalpolizei, December, 2004
  46. ↑ Gegendarstellung Kriminalpolizei, Kripo Online, January 2005
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 “Anfragebeantwortung”, “Austrian Parliamentary Materials”, August 3, 2005
  48. ↑ “AK: Vorsicht bei Einkaufsgemeinschaft Lyoness”, “ORF”, November 11, 2008
  49. ↑ “Lyoness: Haende weg!”, “Beobachter”, March, 2010
  50. ↑ “Lyoness Verhandlung Klagenfurt”, “Kleine Zeitung”, January, 2012
  51. ↑ “Lyoness ou l’argent facile”, “L’Hebdo”, Februari, 2012
  52. ↑ “Lyoness: Drohen mit Millionenforderung”, “Beobachter”, February, 2012
  53. ↑ “Lyoness ist Fall für Korruptions-Ankläger”, “Der Standard”, July 2012
  54. ↑ “Urteil gegen umstrittene Schweizer firma Lyoness”, “Handelszeitung”, June, 2012
  55. ↑ “Lyoness: Prominente Partner Springen Ab”, “Handelszeitung”, September 2012
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 “Auf Lyoness rollt Klagelawine zu”, “Wiener Zeitung”, March 2013
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 57.5 “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter” , “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013
  58. ↑ “Verbandsklage zielt auf das Rückgrat von Lyoness ab”, “Wirtschaftsblatt”, April 23, 2013
  59. ↑ “ Causa Lyoness – VKI leitet Verbandsklage ein”, “Format”, April 23, 2013
  60. ↑ “Causa Lyoness – VKI leitet Verbandsklage ein”, “Der Standard”, April 23, 2013
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 “Lyoness: Top-Kader sahnten mit illegalem Schenkkreis ab”, “Handelszeitung”, April 3, 2013
  62. ↑ “Lyoness rüstet sich mit Gutachten gegen Klagen”, “Der Standard”, April 5, 2013
  63. ↑ “Der Goldesel”, “Beobachter”, April, 2013
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 “Gutachten über Lyoness: Kein Pyramidenspiel”
  65. ↑ "Die österreichische Justiz". Justiz.gv.at. http://www.justiz.gv.at/web2013/html/default/2c9484853f386e94013f57e51d320e9a.de.html. Retrieved 2022-04-24. 
  66. ↑ "Ist Lyoness ein Schneeballsystem? Juristen uneins, Kunden unzufrieden". Nachrichten.at. http://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/wirtschaft/Ist-Lyoness-ein-Schneeballsystem-Juristen-uneins-Kunden-unzufrieden;art15,1300757. Retrieved 2022-04-24. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Austrian Parliament"
  68. ↑ “Wirtschaftsblatt”
  69. ↑ “Gutachten über Lyoness: “OTS”
  70. ↑ “Kurier”, “Kurier”, February 18, 2015
  71. ↑ “Wirtschaftsblatt”, “Wirtschaftsblatt”, March 19, 2015
  72. ↑ “Der Standard”, “Der Standard”, May 7, 2015
  73. ↑ “Wirtschaftsblatt”, “Wirtschaftsblatt”, May 6, 2015
  74. ↑ “Kleine Zeitung”, “Kleine Zeitung: Lyoness investigation concluded”, August 27, 2015
  75. ↑ “ORF”, “ORF: Lyoness investigation concluded”, August 27, 2015
  76. ↑ “Tiroler Tageszeitung”, “Tiroler Tageszeitung: Lyoness expects to be cleared”, August 27, 2015
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 "ACCC takes action against alleged pyramid scheme operator"
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Could you be caught in this and not know? News.com.au
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 “Commonwealth Courts”, “Commonwealth Courts: Lyoness court events NSD884/2014”, August 28, 2015
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 “BehindMLM”, “BehindMLM: Summary of the ACCC Lyoness 5-day trial”, August 3, 2015
  81. ↑ "Lyoness police reported for suspected pyramid scheme"
  82. ↑ "Lotteriinspektionen: Halted investigation Lyoness successfully appealed"
  83. ↑ "Program lojalnościowy może być przykrywką dla piramidy finansowej. Jak nie dać się oszukać?"
  84. ↑ "BehindMLM"
  85. ↑ "Que Choisir"
  86. ↑ “Versenyhivatali eljárás indult a Lyoness Hungary Kft-vel és a Lyoness Europe AG-vel szemben” , “Hungarian Competition Authority”, March 6, 2013
  87. ↑ "BehindMLM"
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 "News247"
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 "BehindMLM"
  90. ↑ "Federal Court finds Lyoness scheme not pyramid". 2015-10-23. http://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/federal-court-finds-lyoness-scheme-not-pyramid. Retrieved 2015-12-07. 
  91. ↑ "Lyoness-ist-kein-Pyramidenspiel". 2015-11-23. http://www.kleinezeitung.at/k/wirtschaft/4872679/Wien_Straflandesgericht_Lyoness-ist-kein-Pyramidenspiel. 
  92. ↑ "Lyoness: Gericht erkennt keinen Betrug dahinter". 2015-11-23. http://kurier.at/wirtschaft/unternehmen/lyoness-gericht-erkennt-keinen-betrug-dahinter/165.729.207. 
  93. ↑ "Lyoness is not running a pyramid scheme". Lyoness. 2016-04-20. http://www.lyoness-corporate.com/en-US/Press/Press-Releases/PressRelease-Items/Lyoness-is-not-running-a-pyramid-scheme/. 
  94. ↑ "Lyoness: Ermittlungen wegen Betrugs eingestellt". 2016-04-19. http://www.kleinezeitung.at/k/wirtschaft/4970915/Kein-Pyramidenspiel_Lyoness_Ermittlungen-wegen-Betrugs-eingestellt. 
  95. ↑ "Rabattanbieter Lyoness ist keine Pyramide". 2016-04-19. http://derstandard.at/2000035223807/Lyoness-keine-Pyramide-aber-Prospektfrage-bleibt. 
  96. ↑ "In Kürze". http://wirtschaftsblatt.at/archiv/printimport/4971211/In-Kurze. 
  97. ↑ "Ermittlungen wegen Betrugs bei Lyoness-Gruppe eingestellt". http://www.vol.at/ermittlungen-wegen-betrugs-bei-lyoness-gruppe-eingestellt/apa-1329339576. 
  98. ↑ “Lyoness: ACCC takes action against alleged pyramid scheme operator”, “ACCC Website and Media Release”, 28 August 2014
  99. ↑ “Shopping Network Lyoness Accused of Running Pyramid Scheme"
  100. ↑ "Pyramid selling scheme and deceptive promotion, over € 3 million penalty to Lyoness". Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato. January 14, 2019. http://en.agcm.it/en/media/press-releases/2019/1/Pyramid-selling-scheme-and-deceptive-promotion-over-%E2%82%AC-3-million-penalty-to-Lyoness. Retrieved January 23, 2019. 
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Dragons’ Den Canada season 6: episode 9, November 30, 2011
  102. ↑ TV Beitrag 'Lyoness - Die Geldmaschine' vom 13. November 2012
  103. ↑ TV Beitrag '"Einkaufsgemeinschaft" Lyoness' vom 27. November 2012
  104. ↑ TV Beitrag 'Der Mann hinter Lyoness' vom 24. April 2013
  105. ↑ ORF Report: ‘Der Goldesel‘, December 19, 2013
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 106.2 “Der Mann hinter Lyoness”, “ORF Report”, April 23, 2013
  107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2012”, “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
  108. ↑ “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2013”
  109. ↑ “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement Canada 2013”
  110. ↑ "Plattform Lyoness", "Plattform Lyoness", June 8, 2013
  111. ↑ "Lyoness Complaint Centre", “Lyoness Complaint Centre”, June 8, 2013
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 "Ermittlungsakt für Lyoness-Gegner tabu", "Der Standard", June 5, 2013
  113. ↑ "Klage und einstweilige Verfügung gegen Plattform", "Plattform Lyoness", June 4, 2013
  114. ↑ "Republik Österreich – Einstweilige Verfügung" , "Plattform Lyoness", July 10, 2013
  115. ↑ "ORF"

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