Revolut

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Revolut Group Holdings Ltd.
TypePrivate
IndustryFinancial services
Founded1 July 2015; 11 years ago (2015-07-01)
Founders
  • Nik Storonsky
  • Vlad Yatsenko
HeadquartersLondon, England
Area served
United Kingdom, European Economic Area, Switzerland, Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, United States, Brazil, India
Key people
  • Martin Gilbert (chairman)
  • Nik Storonsky (CEO)
  • Donato Lucia (CTO)[1]
  • Vlad Yatsenko (non-executive director of the board)[1]
Productscurrent accounts, debit cards, stock trading, personal loan, foreign exchange, insurance, BNPL, business account
ServicesPeer-to-peer payments, currency exchange
RevenueIncrease £4,515.8 million (2025)[2]
Increase £1,713.3 million (2025)[2]
Increase £1,304.6 million (2025)[2]
Number of employees
12,200 (2025)[2]
Websitewww.revolut.com

Revolut Group Holdings Ltd, known as Revolut,[3] is a British global financial technology company headquartered in London and founded in July 2015 by Nik Storonsky and Vlad Yatsenko.[4] The company offers free and subscription‑based digital banking services, primarily through a mobile app.[5][6]

History

Early history (2015–2017)

Revolut was founded in 2015 by Nik Storonsky and Vlad Yatsenko as an app enabling individuals in the United Kingdom and European Economic Area (EEA) to spend money abroad using interbank foreign exchange rates.[7][8] Customers could use their Revolut card in 90 currencies.[7][9]

In 2016, the company reached around 300,000 users, processing almost £1 billion in transactions.[10]

Revolut then launched a subscription-based app in June 2017 available to businesses across the UK and Europe. Under the name of "Revolut Business", businesses could create an account with a multi-currency IBAN to hold, exchange, and transfer money with 25 currencies.[11][12]

EU banking licence and international expansion (2017–2022)

File:Vilnius Quadrum.jpg
Quadrum office complex in Vilnius, head office of Revolut Bank UAB (name visible on left)

It first applied for an EU banking licence in November 2017, at which time it also started work on its own payment processor.[13][14] The bank then received its EU banking licence as well as an EMI licence in December 2018 from the European Central Bank, facilitated by the Bank of Lithuania. Under its new license, the bank could accept deposits and offer consumer credits, but it was not allowed to provide investment services until later.[15][16][17]

Following the acquisition of a banking licence, the company announced plans in September 2019 for expansion into 24 new markets, supported by agreements with Visa and Mastercard. The company said that it also wanted to hire an additional 3,500 employees.[18][19][20] In 2019, the Revolut app launched in beta to the Australia region.[21] The following month, Revolut expanded to Singapore.[22] In 2020, the app launched in the United States and Japan.[23][24]

By November 2020, Revolut reported that it had reached breakeven. At that time, it was valued at £4.2 billion.[25]

The company applied for banking licence in the United Kingdom and a bank charter in the United States in early 2021.[26][27][28] The European Central Bank also granted Revolut a full banking licence later that year.[29]

Transition to a licensed bank (2022–2023)

After having secured bank licences, Revolut started moving away from being an e-money institution to a bank. In January 2022, it started operating as a bank in 10 European countries.[30] In January 2023, the company announced that it would transfer its 2 million Irish customers to a new Irish branch, moving them from a Lithuanian IBAN to an Irish IBAN.[31] This was followed by a launch for IBANs in France, Netherlands and Spain in September 2023.[32][33] By the end of the year, it was reported that Revolut held £15.1 billion in customer deposits.[34][35]

Revolut expanded its investment offerings during this time. In September 2022, the UK's Financial Conduct Authority added Revolut to its list of companies authorised to offer cryptocurrency products and services, formalising its pre-2022 unregulated crypto trading.[36] The bank also began allowing staking for holders of proof of stake cryptocurrencies in the UK and EEA.[33][37] In October 2023, Revolut expanded its stock trading services to include European stock trading in the EEA.[38][39]

In September 2022, Revolut was the target of a cyber attack that exposed the personal data of over 50,000 customers.[40][41] Additionally, in July 2023, a flaw in its US payment system led to the loss of $20 million in corporate funds to criminal groups between late 2021 and early 2022, though some of the money was later recouped.[42] On the regulatory front, Revolut halted cryptocurrency trading services for its US customers in 2023, citing the "evolving regulatory environment" as the Securities and Exchange Commission intensified scrutiny against the sector.[43] Financially, despite its growth, the company reported £25m loss in 2022 amid ongoing uncertainty regarding the UK banking licence.[44]

UK banking licence and global expansion (2024–2026)

Revolut was also granted a British banking licence the following month, though with restrictions via the standard "mobilization" stage.[45] By the end of 2024, Revolut reported having 50 million registered users globally.[46]

In April 2025, Revolut obtained the Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs) licence from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), to offer payment solutions including pre-paid cards.[47]

In May 2025, Revolut announced that it plans to invest $1.1 billion over the next three years to expand in France and made Paris its Western European headquarters, at the Choose France [fr; fr] summit.[48][49]

In June 2025, Revolut announced its plans to acquire Cetelem Argentina [es; es], an Argentina-based lender, from BNP Paribas. Terms were not disclosed.[50] The same month, Béatrice Cossa-Dumurgier (a former board member of Société Générale and executive at BNP Paribas) was appointed CEO of Revolut's Western Europe headquarters, based in Paris.[51] In September 2025, it named former Société Générale CEO Frédéric Oudéa as Chairman of its Western Europe hub.[52]

File:Estacion de Aeropuerto T1-T2-T3, 2025 (04).jpg
Revolut ATM at Madrid Barajas Airport metro station

In summer 2025, Revolut launched first 50 own branded ATMs in Spain.[53] In 2025, Revolut entered discussions with the Bank of Israel to obtain a "lean bank" licence.[54] In September 2025, Revolut secured in-principle approval for payments licence from the UAE.[55] In December 2025, Revolut entered talks with Blackstone that could see the world's largest alternative-asset manager offering its funds on the Revolut platform.[56][57] In January 2026, Revolut applied for a full banking license in Peru as it sought to expand into Latin America. This marked the firm's fifth market expansion.[58]

On 27 January 2026, Revolut launched full banking operations in Mexico. This marked Revolut's first bank established outside of Europe and become the first independent digital bank to secure a Mexican banking license through a direct application. Revolut capitalized its operations with over $100 million, which was more than double the regulatory minimum.[59]

On 11 March 2026, Revolut announced that they have received their full UK banking license, which means that customers will now be protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme on any deposits under £120,000.[60][61] The licence also authorises the company to provide consumer credit services to UK customers.[62]

In 2026, Revolut began offering a beta version of its services in India.[63]

In July 2026, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority granted Revolut an unrestricted banking licence in Australia. The Financial Times reported that Revolut launched savings and credit products following the approval, making Australia its first banking licence in Asia-Pacific and its second outside the United Kingdom and Europe, after Mexico.[64]

US expansion (2025–2026)

In 2025, Revolut explored an existing US bank acquisition to further expand its global footprint.[65] In February 2026, the company announced that it was shifting its plan to establish an independent national charter and had applied for a license with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).[66][67]

On 5 March 2026, Revolut announced it had applied for a US banking license with the OCC and the FDIC.[68][67]

In an 20 April 2026 interview to Bloomberg, Revolut CEO Nik Storonsky stated that the digital bank is approximately two years away from an IPO, with a U.S. listing as the preference.[69] The following day, the Financial Times reported that Revolut was targeting a market capitalisation of between $150 billion and $200 billion in its eventual IPO, and planned a secondary share sale in the second half of 2026 at a valuation exceeding $100 billion.[70] Revolut reported revenue of $6 billion for the financial year ended 31 December 2025, up from $4 billion in 2024, and net profit of $1.7 billion, up from $1 billion, with 68.3 million retail customers at year-end.[70]

Products and services

Revolut began as a mobile app linked to a prepaid card for spending abroad and foreign exchange.[71] The company later expanded into banking, business accounts, lending, subscriptions, investments and cryptocurrency services.[72]

Revolut expanded into investing in 2019 and launched in-app share trading for European customers. Wired reported that the service allowed trading in 300 US-listed stocks on the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq.[73] After receiving a UK trading licence in 2024, Revolut expanded its investment offering to include UK and EU-listed stocks and ETFs, and later launched a UK stocks and shares ISA using ETFs from providers including BlackRock and Vanguard.[74][75]

Criticism and controversies

Revolut has been subject to criticism and many controversies, such as issues with customer support and long-lasting lockouts,[76] as well as anti–money laundering compliance failures[77] and lack of support for defrauded customers.[78][79]

Employment practices

In March 2019, Wired published an exposé of the company's employment practices and work culture. It included allegations by some former employees of unpaid work, high staff turnover, and employees feeling the need to work weekends to meet performance indicators.[80] A later article in December 2019 by Sifted noted that Revolut had a higher rating on Glassdoor than its peers.[81]

Inadequate compliance

In 2016, a former employee approached UK's Financial Conduct Authority with claims regarding Revolut's leadership conduct and compliance practices. The whistleblower emphasized that the company's anti-money laundering systems were utterly inadequate and that money-laundering checks were not being properly applied for select customers. Numerous Revolut's employees contacted by BBC corroborated the whistleblower's testimony and also confirmed that Revolut's CEO allegedly ignored recommendations from its compliance team and conflicted with compliance executives. One such internal conflict led to departure of two chief risk officers, two money laundering reporting officers, a chief compliance officer, and a chief finance officer, among other roles, within three years.[82]

In 2018, The Telegraph reported that in the Summer 2018 Revolut disabled its system designed to automatically halt transactions to sanctioned individuals. In a draft letter to FCA, which was leaked to journalists, Revolut's lawyers confirmed that the internal system was changed so the transactions that potentially matched against sanctions lists were not halted, but rather flagged for inspections. The industry expert commenting on the case for BBC report emphasized that failing to halt transactions is by far the most serious compliance failure, as checking afterwards won't prevent state-level criminals from receiving the funds.[82]

In July 2025, the European Central Bank restricted Revolut's European arm's business activities due to deficiencies in the company's approval processes. ECB ordered Revolut to commission an independent risk review and review staffing levels, expertise and independence within its product approval process.[83] Such regulatory measures limited the bank's ability to launch new products. As of June 2026, it was unclear if bank followed the ECB's ruling and the restrictions were lifted.[84]

On a different occasion, Revolut was blamed for overcompliance, as it froze accounts of its customers with Russian passports and legal residence in Europe in 2025.[85] Storonsky blamed regulatory pressure. However, legal experts agreed that EU sanctions don't prohibit servicing European residents of Russian origin.[86]

Alleged Russian connections

Following Revolut's incorporation in Lithuania, the company faced allegations of ties to the Russian authorities. Stasys Jakeliūnas, who served as the head of the Lithuanian parliament’s budget and finance committee, stated concerns that the father of Revolut's CEO Storonsky was a top manager of a state-owned Gazprom and that one company's shareholders DST Global was connected to Russia via its founder Yuri Milner. Lithuanian media reported that the company's servers may be potentially moved to Russia, further fueling the controversy. The bank initially made a false statement about Storonsky's lack of family connections with Russia, but later confirmed it.[87]

In 2022, Storonsky claimed that he opposes the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The company offered relocation supports for its Ukraine-based staff.[88] Storonsky renounced his Russian citizenship in October of that year.[89]

Automated suspension of accounts (2020)

Revolut, like traditional financial institutions, uses algorithms to identify money laundering, fraud, and other criminal activity. Under certain anti–money laundering legislation, if suspicious activities are being investigated, bank staff are not allowed to tell customers why their accounts have been frozen.[90]

It has been reported since 2020 that Revolut's algorithms suspended accounts for weeks or months at a time after unusual activity was detected.[91][92] Revolut's policies require customers whose accounts were suspended to request a resolution via in-app chat support.[93][92][91]

In February 2020, The Daily Telegraph reported that Revolut suspended an account containing £90,000 for more than two months[94] and that another customer travelled 500 miles from Auvergne in France to Revolut's London offices in an unsuccessful attempt to recover £15,000 in an account that Revolut had frozen with no justification given.[95] The account was later closed and the money in it returned to the customer's other bank accounts.[95]

Also in February 2020, The Times reported that Revolut suspended and later closed a business account containing €300,000 belonging to Priorité Energie, an energy transition start-up company, preventing the company from paying its staff.[96] Revolut publicly apologised and eventually rectified the problem.[96]

UK fraud victims

In 2023, Revolut reported a 35% reduction in authorised push payment fraud.[97] However, the company remained one of the most frequently named financial institutions in UK fraud complaints, prompting scrutiny of its security measures.[98] The number of complaints of fraud reported to Action Fraud, the UK reporting centre for fraud and cybercrime, by Revolut customers rose from 567 in February 2023 to 1,086 for February 2024.[78]

Prior to Revolut having a banking licence, complaints were made by defrauded Revolut customers to the Financial Ombudsman, which in some cases required Revolut to reimburse and compensate victims, and remove fraud markers wrongly placed against the individuals.[99]

Action Fraud received 10,000 reports of fraud naming Revolut in 2023, 2,000 more than Barclays, one of the UK's largest banks, and twice as many as a competitor bank of similar size to Revolut. That year over 3,500 complaints about Revolut were made to the ombudsman, more than any other financial institution. Consumer organisation Which? did not recommend banking large sums of money with Revolut, saying "They have a track record of not reimbursing people who fall victim to fraud or find themselves in this incredibly difficult situation, [and] of money being taken from accounts even after scam activity has been reported."[100]

Partnerships

In January 2025, Manchester City W.F.C. announced Revolut as the training sleeve kit sponsor. This partnership was later extended to include the back-of-shirt sponsors of both the men's and women's teams.[101][102]

That same month, Revolut became an official partner of the French rugby club Stade Toulousain.[103]

In July 2025, Audi F1 Team announced a multi-year deal with Revolut to be the title sponsor of the team, beginning with the 2026 season.[104] In the same month, Revolut was named the Official Global Banking and FX Partner for the Italian football club Como 1907.[103]

In March 2026, Revolut became official back of shirt partner of Manchester City F.C., extending the relationship with the club to the men's team. [105]

The company also has partnerships in other sports, such as an ongoing agreement with the NBA to serve as an associate partner for the NBA Paris Game.[106]

Beyond sports, Revolut announced a strategic partnership with Wizz Air in March 2025 to integrate Revolut Pay as a primary payment method for the airline.[107]

On 3 June 2025, Revolut signed a membership agreement with European Payments Initiative (EPI). The agreement includes integration of Wero, mobile-first wallet and instant account-to-account payment solution, into Revolut.[108]

Workplace policy

In June 2026, Revolut announced that graduate employees and interns joining the company in 2027 would be required to work from the office at least three days a week, marking a retreat from its fully remote policy. The company said the change was intended to support in-person collaboration and mentoring but its remote policy would remain unchanged for other employees.[109]

See also

References

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