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Rockstar Games

Topic: Company

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 12 min
Short description: American video game publisher
Rockstar Games, Inc.
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
PredecessorBMG Interactive
FoundedDecember 1998; 25 years ago (1998-12)
Founders
  • Terry Donovan
  • Gary Foreman
  • Dan Houser
  • Sam Houser
  • Jamie King
Headquarters
New York City
,
US
Key people
  • Sam Houser (president)
  • Jennifer Kolbe (vice president)[1]
Products
Number of employees
>2,000 (2018)
ParentTake-Two Interactive
SubsidiariesSee § Studios
Websiterockstargames.com

Rockstar Games, Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City. The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive, using the assets Take-Two had previously acquired from BMG Interactive. Founding members of the company were Terry Donovan, Gary Foreman, Dan and Sam Houser, and Jamie King, who worked for Take-Two at the time, and of which the Houser brothers were previously executives at BMG Interactive. Sam Houser heads the studio as president.[2]

Since 1999, several companies acquired by or established under Take-Two have become part of Rockstar Games, such as Rockstar Canada (later renamed Rockstar Toronto) becoming the first one in 1999, and Rockstar Dundee the most recent in 2020. All companies organized under Rockstar Games bear the "Rockstar" name and logo. In this context, Rockstar Games is sometimes also referred to as Rockstar New York, Rockstar NY or Rockstar NYC. Rockstar Games also sports a motion capture studio in Bethpage, New York.[2]

Rockstar Games predominantly publishes games in the action-adventure genre, while racing games also saw success for the company. One of such action-adventure game franchises is Grand Theft Auto, which Rockstar Games took over from BMG Interactive, which published the series' original 1997 entry. The most recent main game in the series, Grand Theft Auto V, has sold over 190 million copies since its release in September 2013, making it the second-best-selling video game of all time.[3] Other popular franchises published by Rockstar Games are Red Dead, Midnight Club, Max Payne, and Manhunt.[4]

History

Brothers Dan Houser (left) and Sam Houser (right) are two of the co-founders of Rockstar Games. Dan left the company in 2020; Sam is the president.

On March 12, 1998, Take-Two Interactive announced its acquisition of the assets of dormant British video game publisher BMG Interactive (formed in 1994 and originally known as BMG Interactive Entertainment) from BMG Entertainment (a unit of Bertelsmann). In exchange, Take-Two was to issue 1.85 million shares (around 16%) of its common stock to BMG Entertainment.[5][6] Through this acquisition, Take-Two obtained several of BMG Interactive's former intellectual properties, including DMA Design's Grand Theft Auto and Space Station Silicon Valley.[7][8] The deal was announced to have closed on March 25.[9] Three BMG Interactive executives—Dan Houser, Sam Houser, and Jamie King—as well as Gary Foreman of BMG Interactive and Terry Donovan of BMG Entertainment's Arista Records record label, subsequently moved to New York City to work for Take-Two Interactive.[7][10][11] In a restructuring announced that April, Sam Houser was appointed as Take-Two's "vice president of worldwide product development".[12] In December 1998, the Houser brothers, Donovan and King established Rockstar Games as the "high-end" publishing label of Take-Two.[7][13][14][15] The formation was formally announced on January 22, 1999.[16]

In January 2007, Take-Two announced that Donovan, until then managing director for Rockstar Games, had left the company following a four-month leave of absence.[17] He was succeeded by Gary Dale, who became chief operating officer.[18] Dale previously worked with the Houser brothers and King at BMG Interactive, but left the company when it was acquired by Take-Two Interactive, and joined Capcom's European operations as managing director in 2003.[19][20]

As of February 2014, Rockstar Games titles have shipped more than 250 million copies,[21] the largest franchise being the Grand Theft Auto series, which alone has shipments of at least 250 million as of November 2016.[22] Grand Theft Auto V shipped the highest number of units within the series' and the company's history, with over 170 million copies,[23] making it the second best-selling video game of all time.[24]

At the 10th British Academy Games Awards in March 2014, Rockstar Games was honored with the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award for "creating intricately layered interactive worlds that have kept the company at the forefront of the gaming industry for over a decade, both critically and commercially".[25][26] Jennifer Kolbe, who started at the front desk of Take-Two, acts as Rockstar Games' head of publishing and oversees all development studios.[2][27] Simon Ramsey is the company's head of PR and communications.[27]

In May 2019, Rockstar Games announced that they were acquiring Dhruva Interactive from Starbreeze Studios for $7.9 million, with the sale being finalized later that month and the Dhruva team merged into Rockstar India.[28][29]

In September 2019, Rockstar Games announced that they had released their own game launcher, a digital distribution, digital rights management, multiplayer and communications service.[30] After having taken an extended break following the release of Red Dead Redemption 2 in early 2019, Dan Houser left Rockstar Games on March 11, 2020.[31]

The company acquired the Scottish studio Ruffian Games in October 2020, rebranding the studio as Rockstar Dundee.[32]

In September 2022, Rockstar was the target of a data breach in which 90 videos from the development of Grand Theft Auto VI were leaked.[33][34] Rockstar described the leak as a "network intrusion", and noted that it was "extremely disappointed" by the manner in which the game was first demonstrated, but that it did not anticipate long-term effects on development.[35]

In August 2023, Rockstar acquired Cfx.re (formerly CitizenFX), the team behind the modding platforms FiveM and RedM for Grand Theft Auto V and Red Dead Redemption 2 respectively.[36][37] Michael Unsworth, vice president of writing, departed the company in 2023 after sixteen years.[38]

Company philosophy

In October 2011, Dan Houser told Famitsu that Rockstar Games was intentionally avoiding developing games in the first-person shooter genre, because "it is in our DNA to avoid doing what other companies are doing ... the goalpoint of Rockstar is to have the players really feel what we're trying to do."[39][40] Houser went on to say "Our games up to now have been different from any genre that existed at the time; we made new genres by ourselves with games like the GTA series. We didn't rely on testimonials in a business textbook to do what we've done. ... If we make the sort of games we want to play, then we believe people are going to buy them."[41]

The company has been involved with charitable work ranging from supporting Movember and offering appearances in games as a raffle prize, to charity live streams.[42][43]

Games

Other projects

Rockstar Loft

In 1999, Donovan and Sam Houser cooperated with John Davis to establish the Rockstar Loft club night. Davis had co-founded and been the promoter for Body & Soul, a "no-guestlist, no velvet rope party" held weekly at Tribeca's Club Vinyl. When Rockstar Games' founder originally arrived in New York City, former DJ Donovan was particularly impressed with Body & Soul, and they became close with the club night's team, including Davis and its other founder, DJ François K. Davis had sought to establish further such events, while Donovan and Houser wanted to get publicity for the young Rockstar Games, thus they established Rockstar Loft. According to Donovan, the event was to serve as an alternative those that were overly expensive or had attendees "bulldozed by security". He precluded video game installations at the venue to focus on the music and highlight the artists.[44]

As it could not afford frequent television advertisements, Rockstar Games resorted to guerrilla marketing teams distributing fly posters and stickers. Tickets for Rockstar Loft were not sold in advance. Instead, potential guests were to call a phone number and face seven questions regarding their personality. If answered to the liking of the operator, the caller would receive their entry ticket in the mail.[44] The first Rockstar Loft was held in western Chelsea, Manhattan, on October 30, 1999, with Andi Hanley (a regular of Body & Soul), Bob Sinclar, and Dimitri from Paris as headlining DJs.[44][45] Thereafter, it was held "every few months", with one happening on February 19, 2000.[44][46] Later that year, Rockstar Loft was wound down.[44]

Films

Kirk Ewing—a friend of the Houser brothers who had worked with Rockstar Games on State of Emergency—stated that, around the release of Grand Theft Auto III in 2001, Rockstar Games had been offered $5 million for a film based on the Grand Theft Auto franchise. He had received a phone call from a producer in Los Angeles requesting the rights for a film to be directed by Tony Scott of Top Gun and starring rapper Eminem. When he relayed this proposal to Sam Houser, Houser said that he was not interested.[47] In 2004, Rockstar Games produced the sports drama film The Football Factory. Based on the book of the same name by John King, the film revolves around organized football hooliganism in the United Kingdom.[48] The company also produced Sunday Driver, a documentary about the Majestics Lowrider Club in Compton, California, and The Introduction, an animated film that details the events leading up to Grand Theft Auto. Both were bundled with the game's special edition released in 2005.[49]

CircoLoco Records

In May 2021, Rockstar Games launched the record label CircoLoco Records in collaboration with Circoloco, an Ibiza-based dance party. The collaboration grew from a friendship between Sam Houser and Circoloco's promoter, Antonio Carbonaro. According to Nick Benedetti, the party's manager, Rockstar Games and Circoloco intended to "contribute something new and meaningful" to the dance music scene, which had faced hardships because of the lockdowns brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.[50] CircoLoco Records' first release, Monday Dreamin', was released as a series of extended plays starting in June 2021.[44][50]

Studios

Outside of its New York City headquarters, Rockstar Games operates nine subsidiary studios.[51][52] All studios use the Rockstar Games logo with individual colors.[53] As of 2018, the company employs more than 2,000 people across all offices.[54] The studios frequently collaborate and were collectively credited as Rockstar Studios in Max Payne 3,[55] and simply as Rockstar Games in Red Dead Redemption 2.[56][57]

Logo Name Location Founded Acquired Notes
Rockstar Dundee Logo.svg Rockstar Dundee Dundee, Scotland 2008 2020
Rockstar India Logo.svg Rockstar India Bangalore, India 2016 —
Rockstar LA Santa Monica, California, US[58] ? —
Rockstar Leeds Logo.svg Rockstar Leeds Leeds, England 1997 2004 Developer of Grand Theft Auto, Liberty City Stories, and Vice City Stories
Rockstar Lincoln Logo.svg Rockstar Lincoln Lincoln, England 1992 2002 Handles localization and quality assurance
Rockstar London Logo.svg Rockstar London London, England 2005 — Developer of Manhunt 2 and Midnight Club: L.A. Remix
Rockstar New England Logo.svg Rockstar New England Andover, Massachusetts, US 1999 2008 Developer of Bully: Scholarship Edition
Rockstar North Logo.svg Rockstar North Edinburgh, Scotland 1987 2002 Developer of the Grand Theft Auto series and Manhunt
Rockstar San Diego Logo.svg Rockstar San Diego Carlsbad, California, US 1984 2002 Developer of the Red Dead, Smuggler's Run, and Midnight Club series
Rockstar Toronto Logo.svg Rockstar Toronto Oakville, Ontario, Canada Early 1980s 1999 Developer of The Warriors and several Windows ports
Road font awesome.svg Cfx.re 2016 2023 Developer of the FiveM and RedM projects

Former

Logo Name Location Founded Acquired Closed Notes
Rockstar Vancouver Logo.svg Rockstar Vancouver Vancouver , Canada 1998 2002 2012 Developer of Bully and Max Payne 3; merged into Rockstar Toronto in July 2012.
Rockstar Vienna Logo.svg Rockstar Vienna Vienna, Austria 1993 2003 2006 Developer of several Xbox ports; closed down in May 2006

Software

RAGE

Main page: Software:Rockstar Advanced Game Engine

Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) is a game engine developed by the Rockstar San Diego-internal RAGE Technology Group, created to facilitate game development on all platforms since 2006.[59] RAGE is used in most of Rockstar Games's titles for personal computers and consoles, including Red Dead Redemption, Grand Theft Auto IV, Max Payne 3, Grand Theft Auto V, and Red Dead Redemption 2.[60][61]

Rockstar Games Social Club

Rockstar Games Social Club is an online gaming service created by Rockstar Games for authentication and multiplayer applications within their games.[62] Most branding relating to Social Club was removed from Rockstar's website by November 2023.[63]

Rockstar Games Launcher

Rockstar Games released its own games launcher for Windows on September 17, 2019. The launcher integrates with the user's Social Club account, allowing them to download and buy games that they have previously purchased through Rockstar's store, as well as launch Rockstar games available from other services, like Steam, from the launcher.[64]

References

  1. ↑ McPhillips, Andrew (April 6, 2022). "Rockstar Games Improves Its Gender Pay Gap Issues". Game Rant. Valnet. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220407161540/https://gamerant.com/rockstar-games-gender-pay-gap-improvements/. Retrieved April 9, 2022. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Goldberg, Harold (October 14, 2018). "How the West Was Digitized: The making of Rockstar Games' Red Dead Redemption 2". http://www.vulture.com/2018/10/the-making-of-rockstar-games-red-dead-redemption-2.html. 
  3. ↑ "Grand Theft Auto 5 has sold around 190 million copies, Red Dead Redemption 2 over 57 million copies sold" (in en-US). 2023-11-08. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/grand-theft-auto-5-sold-224508616.html. 
  4. ↑ "2020: Grand Theft Auto 5 has now sold 140m copies". February 9, 2021. https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-02-09-grand-theft-auto-5-has-now-sold-140m-copies. 
  5. ↑ Johnston, Chris (March 12, 1998). "Take 2 Takes BMG". http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_03/12_taketwo/index.html. 
  6. ↑ "BMG Interactive Acquired by Take-Two Interactive". March 16, 1998. https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bmg-interactive-acquired-by-taketwo-interactive--132878. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Rockstar Games: Multimedia Designers". http://design.designmuseum.org/design/rockstar-games.html. 
  8. ↑ Rickards, Kelly (March 16, 1998). "Take 2's Take". http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_03/16_taketwovg/index.html. 
  9. ↑ Jebens, Harley (March 25, 1998). "Take 2 Deal Complete". http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_03/25_taketwovg/index.html. 
  10. ↑ "Graftgold Creative Software". Retro Gamer (Future plc): 68. January 2018. https://archive.org/details/retro_gamer/RetroGamer_176/page/68/. Retrieved April 9, 2022. 
  11. ↑ Weber, Rachel (September 9, 2013). "Rockstar's Houser: "It has to hurt more"". Gamesindustry.biz. Future plc. Archived from the original on September 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130912052642/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2013-09-09-rockstars-houser-it-has-to-hurt-more. Retrieved April 9, 2022. 
  12. ↑ Jebens, Harley (April 28, 1998). "Take-Two Restructuring". http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_04/28_taketwo/index.html. 
  13. ↑ "Sam Houser: His-Story". August 15, 2008. http://www.develop-online.net/analysis/sam-houser-his-story/0116226. 
  14. ↑ Maiberg, Emanuel (May 18, 2014). "GTA, Rockstar co-founding brothers squeeze into Britain's 1,000 richest people list with £90 million". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/gta-rockstar-co-founding-brothers-squeeze-into-britain-s-1-000-richest-people-list-with-ps90-million/1100-6419714/. 
  15. ↑ Goldberg, Harold (November 15, 2013). "Grand Theft Auto's Reclusive Genius Sam Houser Can't Get Away". http://www.playboy.com/articles/grand-theft-auto-sam-houser-interview. 
  16. ↑ "Press Release 1/22/99". http://www.take2games.com/public/news/article.jhtml?articleid=30. 
  17. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (January 12, 2007). "Terry Donovan leaves Rockstar". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/terry-donovan-leaves-rockstar/1100-6164173/. 
  18. ↑ "Capcom exec leaves to join Rockstar". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/capcom-exec-leaves-to-join-rockstar/1100-6163690/. 
  19. ↑ "Rockstar Hires New COO – The Escapist". January 4, 2007. http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/67318-Rockstar-Hires-New-COO. 
  20. ↑ "Dale drives back to Rockstar as COO". January 2, 2007. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dale-drives-back-rockstar-as-127071. 
  21. ↑ "Rockstar titles have now shipped 250 million copies to date". February 4, 2014. https://www.gamespot.com/articles/rockstar-titles-have-now-shipped-250-million-copies-to-date/1100-6417508/. 
  22. ↑ Cragg, Oliver (November 3, 2016). "Grand Theft Auto life-time sales hit 250 million, GTA 5 and GTA Online ships 70 million units". http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/grand-theft-auto-life-time-sales-hits-250-million-gta-5-gta-online-ships-70-million-units-1589687. 
  23. ↑ "Take-Two losses deeper than forecast" (in en). 2022-11-07. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/take-two-losses-deeper-than-forecast. 
  24. ↑ Schreier, Jason (July 27, 2022). "Rockstar Games Cleaned Up Its Frat-Boy Culture — and Grand Theft Auto, Too". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg L.P.. Archived from the original on December 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221205232812/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-27/gta-6-release-date-rockstar-cleans-up-image-after-employee-backlash. Retrieved December 6, 2022. 
  25. ↑ "Bafta fellowship for Rockstar Games". BBC News. March 3, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26417488. 
  26. ↑ Tach, Dave (March 3, 2014). "Rockstar Games to receive BAFTA Fellowship award". https://www.polygon.com/2014/3/3/5465544/rockstar-games-bafta-fellowship-gta. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Schreier, Jason (October 23, 2018). "Inside Rockstar Games' Culture Of Crunch". https://kotaku.com/inside-rockstar-games-culture-of-crunch-1829936466. 
  28. ↑ Valentine, Rebekah (May 13, 2019). "Rockstar acquires Dhruva Interactive from Starbreeze for $7.9m". gamesindustry.biz. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-05-13-rockstar-acquires-dhruva-from-starbreeze-for-usd7-9m. 
  29. ↑ Starbreeze (May 22, 2019). "Starbreeze has closed the transaction of Indian subsidiary Dhruva". https://www.starbreeze.com/2019/05/starbreeze-has-closed-the-transaction-of-indian-subsidiary-dhruva/. 
  30. ↑ Carpenter, Nicole (September 17, 2019). "Rockstar has its own game launcher, and GTA: San Andreas is free". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2019/9/17/20870668/rockstar-games-launcher-pc-store-gta-san-andreas-free. 
  31. ↑ Campbell, Colin (February 4, 2020). "Rockstar Games co-founder Dan Houser leaving the company". https://www.polygon.com/2020/2/4/21123170/dan-houser-departs-rockstar-games-red-dead-gta. 
  32. ↑ Robinson, Andy (October 12, 2020). "Rockstar has taken over Master Chief Collection developer Ruffian Games". Video Games Chronicle. https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/rockstar-has-taken-over-master-chief-collection-developer-ruffian-games/. 
  33. ↑ MacDonald, Keza (19 September 2022). "Rockstar owner issues takedowns after Grand Theft Auto VI leak". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220919114036/https://www.theguardian.com/games/2022/sep/19/rockstar-owner-issues-takedowns-after-grand-theft-auto-vi-leak. Retrieved 20 September 2022. 
  34. ↑ Warren, Tom (18 September 2022). "GTA 6 gameplay leaks online in 90 videos". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on 18 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220918112405/https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/18/23359156/gta-6-leak-gameplay-footage-90-videos. Retrieved 18 September 2022. 
  35. ↑ Robinson, Andy (19 September 2022). "Rockstar comments on GTA 6 leak and claims project won't be delayed". Video Games Chronicle. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220919133034/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/rockstar-comments-on-gta-6-leak-and-claims-project-wont-be-delayed/. Retrieved 19 September 2022. 
  36. ↑ Games, Rockstar. "Roleplay Community Update" (in en-us). https://www.rockstargames.com/newswire/article/8971o8789584a4/roleplay-community-update. 
  37. ↑ Yin-Poole, Wesley (2023-08-11). "Rockstar Officially Working With GTA Roleplay Server Team, Sparking Fresh Excitement About GTA 6" (in en). https://www.ign.com/articles/rockstar-officially-working-with-gta-roleplay-server-team-sparking-fresh-excitement-about-gta-6. 
  38. ↑ Robinson, Andy (August 28, 2023). "Red Dead Redemption series writer leaves Rockstar after 16 years". Video Games Chronicle. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230828170821/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/red-dead-redemption-series-writer-leaves-rockstar-after-16-years/. Retrieved August 30, 2023. 
  39. ↑ "Rockstar: Make Good Games and the Money Will Follow – The Escapist". October 27, 2011. http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/113855-Rockstar-Make-Good-Games-and-the-Money-Will-Follow. 
  40. ↑ "Rockstar Games Purposefully Avoiding First Person Shooters". October 27, 2011. https://gamerant.com/rockstar-games-avoiding-first-person-shooters/. 
  41. ↑ "Rockstar Assures Gamers that the Studio's Priority is "Doing New Things"". October 26, 2011. https://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2011/10/26/rockstar-assures-gamers-that-the-studios-priority-is-doing-new-things/. 
  42. ↑ Purchese, Robert (October 26, 2009). "Rockstar sponsors Movember charity". http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/rockstar-sponsors-movember-charity. 
  43. ↑ "Rockstar offers game appearance prize for charity". October 26, 2009. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/rockstar-offers-game-appearance-prize-for-charity. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 Yarwood, Jack (January 18, 2022). "The Strange Tale of Rockstar Loft, Rockstar Games' Short-Lived Club Night". https://www.fanbyte.com/features/the-strange-tale-of-rockstar-loft-rockstar-games-short-lived-club-night/. 
  45. ↑ Brown, Ethan (September 13, 1999). "Nightlife: House Party". https://nymag.com/nymetro/nightlife/barsclubs/features/1429/. 
  46. ↑ Grigoriadis, Vanessa (March 6, 2000). "Silicon Alley 10003". https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/media/internet/2285/. 
  47. ↑ Geraghty, Hollie (November 15, 2022). "'Grand Theft Auto': Rockstar Games rejected Eminem movie deal". https://www.nme.com/news/gaming-news/grand-theft-auto-rockstar-games-rejected-eminem-movie-deal-3349423. 
  48. ↑ Gompertz, Will (August 15, 2011). "England riots: A culture of voyeurism". https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-14502671. 
  49. ↑ Carle, Chris (November 2, 2005). "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas Special Edition DVD (Sunday Driver, The Introduction)". https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/02/grand-theft-auto-san-andreas-special-edition-dvd-sunday-driver-the-introduction. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Davenport, Khal (May 24, 2021). "CircoLoco and Rockstar Games Join Forces for New Imprint, CircoLoco Records". https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/circoloco-rockstar-games-announce-circoloco-records. 
  51. ↑ Leonard, Matt (October 19, 2018). "Anonymous Developer Details Rockstar Games Crunch". GameRevolution. CraveOnline. https://www.gamerevolution.com/news/447299-rockstar-games-crunch-developer. 
  52. ↑ Olson, Mathew (October 12, 2020). "Crackdown 2 Makers Ruffian Games Are Now Rockstar's Newest Studio". https://www.usgamer.net/articles/crackdown-2-makers-ruffian-games-are-now-rockstars-newest-studio. 
  53. ↑ Cundy, Matt (June 3, 2010). "5 iconic game company logos that must not be messed with". https://www.gamesradar.com/5-iconic-game-company-logos-that-must-not-be-messed-with/. 
  54. ↑ Batchelor, James (October 26, 2018). "Analyst expects Houser brothers to receive bulk of $538m Red Dead royalties". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-10-26-houser-brothers-expected-to-receive-bulk-of-usd538m-red-dead-royalties. 
  55. ↑ Rockstar Studios (May 15, 2012). Max Payne 3. PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Rockstar Games. Level/area: Opening credits. 
  56. ↑ Krupa, Daniel (May 4, 2018). "How Rockstar Is Making Its Open Worlds Even Better". IGN. Ziff Davis. https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/05/04/how-rockstar-is-making-its-open-worlds-even-better. 
  57. ↑ Crecente, Brian (October 24, 2018). "The Story Behind the Story of 'Red Dead Redemption 2'". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. https://variety.com/2018/gaming/features/red-dead-redemption-2-narrative-interview-1202992401/. 
  58. ↑ "Electronics Engineer / Rockstar LA (Code)". Rockstar Games. https://www.rockstargames.com/careers/openings/position/4855299003. 
  59. ↑ Klepek, Patrick (January 4, 2016). "That Time Rockstar Made A Table Tennis Game". https://kotaku.com/that-time-rockstar-made-a-table-tennis-game-1750981913. 
  60. ↑ Loveridge, Sam (May 23, 2016). "Why Rockstar's Table Tennis was even more important than GTA 5". https://www.digitalspy.com/videogames/a795096/why-rockstars-table-tennis-was-even-more-important-than-gta/. 
  61. ↑ Linneman, John (October 3, 2017). "Red Dead Redemption 2's state-of-the-art technology analysed". https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/digitalfoundry-2017-red-dead-redemption-2-trailer-tech-analysis. 
  62. ↑ Fahey, Mike (May 8, 2012). "Rockstar Games' Social Club Just Got a Lot More Social". Kotaku. http://kotaku.com/5908510/rockstar-games-social-club-just-got-a-lot-more-social. 
  63. ↑ Dinsdale, Ryan (November 22, 2023). "Rockstar Scraps Social Club Branding Ahead of GTA 6 Reveal". IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/rockstar-scraps-social-club-branding-ahead-of-gta-6-reveal. 
  64. ↑ McAloon, Alissa (September 17, 2019). "Rockstar Games now has its own game launcher on PC". Gamasutra. https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/350814/Rockstar_Games_now_has_its_own_game_launcher_on_PC.php. 

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