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The Travelers Companies

Topic: Company

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 14 min
Short description: American insurance company
The Travelers Companies, Inc.
TypePublic
  • NYSE: TRV
  • DJIA component
  • S&P 500 component
Industry
PredecessorCitigroup
Founded1853; 171 years ago (1853) (as St. Paul Fire & Marine)
2004 (2004) (as The Travelers Companies)
HeadquartersNew York City , New York, United States
Key people
Alan D. Schnitzer
(Chairman and CEO)
Products
RevenueIncrease US$36.88 billion (2022)
Decrease US$3.354 billion (2022)
Decrease US$2.842 billion (2022)
Total assetsDecrease US$115.7 billion (2022)
Total equityDecrease US$21.56 billion (2022)
Number of employees
c. 32,500 (2022)
Websitetravelers.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2]
Travelers Tower
in Hartford, Connecticut

The Travelers Companies, Inc., commonly known as Travelers, is an American insurance company. It is the second-largest writer of U.S. commercial property casualty insurance, and the sixth-largest writer of U.S. personal insurance through independent agents.[3][4][citation needed] Travelers is incorporated in Minnesota, with headquarters in New York City , and its largest office in Hartford, Connecticut.[2] It has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since June 8, 2009.[5]

The company has field offices in every U.S. state, plus operations in the United Kingdom , Ireland, Singapore, China , Canada , and Brazil . Travelers ranked No. 98 in the 2021 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations with total revenue of $32 billion.[6]

History

Top: The familiar umbrella logo of the Travelers, used until its spinoff from Citigroup. Bottom: The logo that The St. Paul used prior to the merger with Travelers.

The main predecessor companies of The Travelers Companies, Inc. are The St. Paul Companies, Inc. and Travelers Property Casualty Corporation.

Saint Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. was founded March 5, 1853, in St. Paul, Minnesota, to serve local customers in lieu of waiting for claim payments from insurance companies on the east coast. It barely survived the Panic of 1857 by dramatically paring down its operations and later reorganizing itself into a stock company (as opposed to a mutual company). It then spread its operations across the country.[7]

In 1998 it acquired USF&G, known formerly as United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company, an insurance company based in Baltimore, Maryland, for $3.9 billion in stock and assumed debt.[8][9] By buying USF&G, they went from the 13th to the eighth largest property and casualty insurance company in the United States. Through economies of scale between the two companies, and a difficult business environment, they downsized the company substantially over the coming years by selling certain business units to focus on more profitable business units.[10][11]

The Travelers Insurance Company was founded in Hartford by James G. Batterson, a stone contractor[12] who became aware for the first time of accident insurance for travelers (i.e., an early form of travel insurance) while traveling in England in 1859 from Leamington to London.[13] His railway ticket included accidental death insurance coverage up to the amount of £1,000, and lesser indemnities for non-fatal injuries.[13] Batterson visited the London and Paris offices of European insurers to learn about the accident insurance business, then went home to Hartford and raised $500,000 in capital to launch a company to provide accident insurance to American travelers.[13]

Travelers obtained its official state charter on June 17, 1863.[13] The company did not issue its first regular insurance policy until April 5, 1864, but informally entered into its first insurance agreement a month earlier.[13] On March 1, 1864, local banker James Bolter jokingly inquired of Batterson how much it would cost to insure him up to $5,000 for accidental death for the journey from the post office to his home.[13] Batterson replied, "Two cents," which Bolter promptly tendered; those coins have been kept by Travelers ever since.[13][14] The original company logo was a knight's suit of armor.[15] The red umbrella first appeared in Travelers advertising as early as 1870, but at that time was not yet the official logo.[14] The company changed its official logo from a suit of armor to the Travelers Tower in 1920, and then replaced that with the red umbrella in 1959.[15]

During the 20th century, Travelers was responsible for many insurance industry firsts, including the first automobile policy (1897), the first air travel policy (1919), and the first space travel policy (late 1960s, for astronauts in the Apollo program).[14] In 1954, the company established the world's first privately owned weather research facility, the Travelers Weather Research Center, the first organization to make weather predictions using probabilities ("20% chance of rain").

By the early 1990s, Travelers was predominantly a general property and casualty insurer that also happened to do some travel insurance on the side, and in February 1994, Travelers quietly exited its original travel insurance business by selling the unit to a retiring Travelers executive.[16] The resulting company is now known as Travel Insured International, a Crum and Forster Company.[16]

The Travelers logo, ca. 1993

In the 1990s, Travelers went through a series of mergers and acquisitions. It was bought by Primerica in December 1993, but the resulting company retained the Travelers name.[14] In 1995 it became The Travelers Group. It bought Aetna's property and casualty business in 1996.[17]

In April 1998, the Travelers Group merged with Citicorp to form Citigroup.[14] However, the synergies between the banking and insurance arms of the company did not work as well as planned, so Citigroup spun off Travelers Property and Casualty into a subsidiary company in 2002,[18] although it kept the red umbrella logo. Three years later, Citigroup sold Travelers Life & Annuity to MetLife.[19] In 2003, Travelers bought renewal rights for Royal & SunAlliance Personal Insurance and Commercial businesses.[20][21]

In 2004, the St. Paul and Travelers Companies merged and renamed itself St. Paul Travelers, with the headquarters set in St. Paul, Minnesota.[22] In August of that year, it was charged with making misleading statements in connection with the merger.[23][24] Despite many assurances from CEO Jay Fishman that the newly formed company would retain the St. Paul name, the corporate name only lasted until 2007, when the company repurchased the rights to the famous red umbrella logo from Citigroup and readopted it as its main corporate symbol, while also changing the corporate name to The Travelers Companies.[25][26][27][28]

Many of Travelers' ancestor companies, such as St. Paul and USF&G, are technically still around today, and still write policies and accept claims in their own names (under the overarching Travelers brand name). As is typical of most insurers in the United States, Travelers never dissolved the various companies it acquired, but simply made them wholly owned subsidiaries and trained its employees to act on behalf of those subsidiaries. This is a common risk management strategy used by U.S. insurance groups. If any one company in the group gets hit with too many claims, the situation can be easily contained to that one company (which is placed in runoff and allowed to run its policies to completion), while the remainder of the group continues to operate normally.

In November 2010, Travelers entered into a joint venture agreement under which the company would invest in J. Malucelli Participações em Seguros e Resseguros S.A., the market leader in the surety insurance business in Brazil. The transaction closed in June 2011 with Travelers acquiring a 43.4 percent interest. Travelers' investment in newly issued shares significantly increased J. Malucelli's capital level, positioning it for substantial growth in Brazil. At the time, Travelers had the option to increase its investment to retain a 49.5 percent interest, which the company later did in 2012.[29]

In June 2013, Travelers announced the acquisition of Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company from E-L Financial Corporation Limited (TSX: ELF).[30] The transaction later closed in November 2013. The combined organization, referred to as Travelers Canada, remains headquartered in Toronto.[31]

The company's joint venture with J. Malucelli in Brazil completed the acquisition of a majority interest in Cardinal Compañía de Seguros, a Colombian start-up surety provider in September 2015. The business, which is based in Bogotá, operates under the co-branded name J. Malucelli Travelers.[32]

In October 2015, Travelers acquired a majority interest in the property casualty business of its J. Malucelli joint venture in Brazil. J. Malucelli commenced writing property casualty business in 2012.[33] The property casualty business operates under the Travelers brand and focuses on property, general liability, construction and financial insurance products. The business is based in São Paulo.

Travelers' St. Paul, MN Office

As a result of the transaction, Travelers now owns 95 percent of the property casualty business with Paraná Banco, the parent company of J. Malucelli, retaining a five percent interest. Travelers’ interest in the surety business of the J. Malucelli joint venture remains at 49.5 percent.[34]

In March 2017, Travelers agreed to acquire UK-based Simply Business from Aquiline Capital Partners for approximately $490 million. Simply Business is a leading U.K. distributor of small business insurance policies, offering products online on behalf of a broad panel of carriers. It has more than 425,000 microbusiness customers covering more than 1,000 classes of business, and was named “Best Company to Work For” by The Sunday Times in 2015 and 2016. The transaction adds to Travelers' digital capabilities.[35][36][37]

In 2018, Travelers ranked 106 on the Fortune 500 list of largest U.S. companies.[38] On June 8, 2009, Travelers replaced its former parent Citigroup on the Dow Jones Industrial Average.[39]

On August 4, 2015, the company announced that Alan Schnitzer would succeed Jay Fishman as Chief Executive Officer effective December 1, 2015.[40]

On August 4, 2017, Travelers completed its previously announced acquisition of Simply Business, a leading provider of small business insurance policies in the United Kingdom.[41]

On August 15, 2018, Travelers acquired the majority stake of Zensurance, a digital business insurance brokerage in Canada.[42]

Business model and products

Travelers provides commercial and personal property and casualty insurance products and services to businesses, government units, associations, and individuals. The company offers insurance through three segments:[43]

  • Personal Insurance, which includes home, auto and other insurance products for individuals
  • Business Insurance, which includes a broad array of property and casualty insurance and insurance-related services in the United States
  • Bond and Specialty Insurance, which includes surety, crime, and financial liability businesses which primarily use credit-based underwriting processes, as well as property and casualty products that are predominantly marketed on an international basis.

Alleged anticompetitive practices

In January 2007, Travelers agreed to pay US$77 million to six states to settle a class action suit and end investigations into its insurance practices.[44][45] The charges involved paying the insurance broker Marsh & McLennan Companies contingent commissions to win business without the knowledge of clients, thus creating a conflict of interest.[46] Additionally, the investigation examined whether Travelers had created the illusion of competition by submitting fake bids,[47] thus misleading clients into believing they were receiving competitive commercial premiums.[48]

National Football League lawsuit

In August 2012, Travelers sued the National Football League for forcing the company and its subsidiaries to pay to defend the league for failing to protect players from brain injury, in a case filed in the New York State Supreme Court. The league had sued over three dozen insurance companies the week before in an attempt to cover the claims that players made against the league.[49][50][51]

Advertising

St. Paul Travelers logo used until February 2007

The logo of the red umbrella was created in 1870 when it appeared in a newspaper ad for the insurance company. It was revived in the early 1960s, when it was given its signature red color by Harry W. Knettell, then the account executive for The Travelers and Vice President at the Charles Brunelle advertising agency. During the late 1960s Charles Brunelle was the largest advertising agency in Hartford, a city known as "the insurance capital of the world," "the Hollywood of insurance," or "America's file cabinet" due to the many insurance companies in that town. The Travelers was one of their many insurance company clients.[52][better source needed]

In 2006, a Travelers commercial titled Snowball was nominated for an Emmy. Snowball featured a man, walking down a steep San Francisco, California sidewalk, who trips and knocks over a table of items at a garage sale. The man and the items roll down the street, forming a ball which gathers garbage cans, pedestrians, construction materials, motorcycles, light poles, and other items, in a manner very reminiscent of the "snowball" effect or the cult video game Katamari Damacy.[53] The creators of the ad said it was simply based on the snowball effect, that they had never heard of the game, and were surprised by the resulting similarity.[54]

In 2007, the company secured naming rights for an annual golf event to be called the Travelers Championship golf tournament, formerly the Greater Hartford Open, on the PGA Tour.[55]

In April 2008, The Travelers repurchased the rights to the famous red umbrella, which is featured in several commercials starring Paul Freeman as well as other advertisements. In July 2008, the spot "Delivery," also starring Freeman, was nominated for an Emmy Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Commercial.

Current and former executives

  • Edward Budd, former Travelers Chairman & CEO[56][57]
  • Robert I. Lipp, former Travelers CEO[58][59][60]
  • Joe Plumeri, former Travelers Vice Chairman, former Chairman & CEO of Willis Group Holdings, and owner of the Trenton Thunder[61][62][63]
  • Sandy Weill, former Travelers Chairman & CEO[64][65]
  • Jay S. Fishman, former Travelers Chairman & CEO[66]
  • Lisa Caputo, Current Chief Marketing & Communications Officer, former press secretary for Hillary Clinton
  • Alan Schnitzer, Current President & CEO

References

  1. ↑ "The Travelers Companies, Inc. 2022 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 16 February 2023. https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/86312/000008631223000011/trv-20221231.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Travelers' NYC address = HQ move?". 11 March 2009. https://www.mprnews.org/story/2009/03/11/travelers-nyc-address-hq-move. 
  3. ↑ "Valley Insurance Agency Alliance Members Win National Awards". https://www.riverbender.com/articles/details/valley-insurance-agency-alliance-members-win-national-awards-53810.cfm. 
  4. ↑ Lazarony, Lucy (2021-09-22). "Travelers Home Insurance Review 2021" (in en-US). https://www.forbes.com/advisor/homeowners-insurance/travelers-home-insurance-review/. 
  5. ↑ The Associated Press (2009-06-01). "Travelers and Cisco Replace G.M. and Citi in Dow". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/02/business/02dow.html. 
  6. ↑ "Fortune 500 List of Companies 2021" (in en-US). https://fortune.com/fortune500/2021/search/. 
  7. ↑ Wolfsberg, Vernie H. (1946). "Records of the St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company". The American Archivist 9 (4): 333–344. doi:10.17723/aarc.9.4.64513p6v12810w82. ISSN 0360-9081. 
  8. ↑ Browning, E.S. (2009-06-01). "Travelers, Cisco Replace Citi, GM in Dow". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124386244318072033. 
  9. ↑ Journal, Leslie Scism Staff Reporter of The Wall Street (1998-01-20). "St. Paul to Acquire USF&G In $2.8 Billion Stock Swap". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB885253693813634000. 
  10. ↑ "The St. Paul Travelers Companies, Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on The St. Paul Travelers Companies, Inc.". http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/93/The-St-Paul-Travelers-Companies-Inc.html. 
  11. ↑ Moylan, Martin. "Travelers drops the "St. Paul." Will it drop the other shoe?". https://www.mprnews.org/story/2007/02/13/stpaultravelers. 
  12. ↑ Campbell, Susan (24 October 2017). "It's Time To Question Our Monuments, Too". Hartford Courant. https://www.courant.com/opinion/op-ed/hc-op-campbell-hartford-statutes-20171024-story.html. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 "The Travelers' Fortieth Anniversary". Insurance Monitor (New York: C.C. Hine's Sons Company) 52 (4): 160–162. April 1904. https://books.google.com/books?id=ltQ7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA160. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Gilpin, Kenneth N. (7 April 1998). "An Evolution of Pre-Victorian Pin Stripes to One Big Red Umbrella". The New York Times (New York): p. D9. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/07/business/shaping-colossus-history-evolution-pre-victorian-pin-stripes-one-big-red.html.  Available via ProQuest Historical Newspapers.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Rand, Slade (8 July 2019). "Travelers Tower celebrates 100 years as iconic anchor of Hartford's skyline". Hartford Courant. https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-news-travelers-tower-100-years-20190708-ongq7glaxbanvjha3ut74zgk6y-story.html. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Biesaida, Jamie (11 March 2019). "Travel Insured International turns 25". Travel Weekly (Secaucus, NJ: Northstar Travel Media). https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Travel-Agent-Issues/Insights/Travel-Insured-International-turns-25. 
  17. ↑ Aetna Completes Previously Announced Sale Of Property/Casualty Operations To Travellers, Aetna press release, April 2, 1996
  18. ↑ Citigroup Announces Completion of its Spin-off of Travelers Property Casualty, Citigroup press release, August 20, 2002
  19. ↑ MetLife Completes Acquisition Of Travelers Life & Annuity, MetLife press release, July 1, 2005.
  20. ↑ Travelers Property Casualty Corp. Buys Renewal Rights To Commercial and Personal Lines Businesses of Royal & SunAlliance, Travelers Property Casualty Press Release, September 4, 2003.
  21. ↑ "Travelers Buys Some Royal & SunAlliance Lines". http://www.propertycasualty360.com/2003/03/05/travelers-buys-some-royal-sunalliance-lines. 
  22. ↑ Treaster, Joseph B. (2003-11-18). "$16 Billion Deal Joins St. Paul and Travelers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/18/business/16-billion-deal-joins-st-paul-and-travelers.html. 
  23. ↑ "The St. Paul Travelers Companies, Inc. : Travelers Property Casualty Corp.'s Class A and Class B common stock Securities Litigation". http://securities.stanford.edu/filings-case.html?id=103202. 
  24. ↑ "Securities Class Action Clearinghouse: Case Page". http://securities.stanford.edu/filings-case.html?id=103202. 
  25. ↑ Riley, Clint (2007-02-14). "Citigroup Sells Red Umbrella Logo to St. Paul". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117137765766107222. 
  26. ↑ Merced, Michael J. De La (2007-02-13). "Citigroup folds its umbrella logo - Business - International Herald Tribune". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/13/business/worldbusiness/13iht-Citi.4584548.html. 
  27. ↑ "St. Paul Travelers To Change Company Name To Travelers And Bring Back Iconic Red Umbrella". Business Wire. 13 February 2007. http://investor.travelers.com/file/Index?KeyFile=3415068. 
  28. ↑ Mullman, Jeremy (February 13, 2007). "Travelers Reunites With Red Umbrella". http://adage.com/article/news/travelers-reunites-red-umbrella/114972/. 
  29. ↑ "Travelers Taps Into Brazil With Joint Venture". Forbes. November 4, 2010. https://www.forbes.com/2010/11/04/insurance-news-travelers-wellcare-marketnewsvideo.html. 
  30. ↑ "Travelers Eyes Canada Growth with $1.1B Acquisition of The Dominion". Insurance Journal. June 10, 2013. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2013/06/10/294852.htm. 
  31. ↑ "Travelers completes acquisition of The Dominion". Canadian Underwriter. November 1, 2013. http://www.canadianunderwriter.ca/insurance/travelers-completes-acquisition-of-the-dominion-1002694838. 
  32. ↑ "Travelers Dives into Colombia Through Brazilian Joint Venture". Carrier Management. 10 December 2014. https://www.carriermanagement.com/news/2014/12/10/132990.htm. 
  33. ↑ "Travelers Buys Majority Stake in J. Malucelli to Grow in Brazil". Zacks.com. October 2, 2015. https://www.zacks.com/stock/news/192330/travelers-buys-majority-stake-in-j-malucelli-to-grow-in-brazil. 
  34. ↑ "Travelers makes major commitment in Brazil". Hartford Business Journal. October 5, 2015. http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20151005/NEWS01/151009974/travelers-makes-major-commitment-in-brazil. 
  35. ↑ "Travelers buys Simply Business for £400m in digital push". March 13, 2017. https://www.ft.com/content/d721f5fe-07fe-11e7-ac5a-903b21361b43. 
  36. ↑ "Travelers to Buy UK-Based Simply Business for $490M". 13 March 2017. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2017/03/13/444245.htm. 
  37. ↑ "Travelers shores up online distribution with U.K. purchase". 14 March 2017. https://www.dig-in.com/news/travelers-shores-up-online-distribution-with-uk-purchase. 
  38. ↑ "Travelers Cos. - Fortune 500" (in en-US). http://fortune.com/fortune500/travelers-cos/?iid=sr-link1. 
  39. ↑ Browning, E. S. (2009-06-02). "Travelers, Cisco Replace Citi, GM in Dow" (in en-US). The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124386244318072033. 
  40. ↑ "Read the Travelers Statement on Alan Schnitzer and Jay Fishman". The Wall Street Journal. August 4, 2015. https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/08/04/read-the-travelers-statement-on-alan-schnitzer-and-jay-fishman/. 
  41. ↑ "Travelers Completes Acquisition of UK-Based Simply Business" (Press release). The Travelers Copmanies. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  42. ↑ "US insurance giant Travelers acquires majority stake in Zensurance" (in en-CA). 2018-08-15. https://betakit.com/us-insurance-giant-travelers-acquires-majority-stake-in-zensurance/. 
  43. ↑ Team, Trefis. "Which Segment Is Driving Travelers' Growth: Business Insurance Or Personal Insurance?" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2019/12/11/which-segment-is-driving-travelers-growth-business-insurance-or-personal-insurance/. 
  44. ↑ Garrison-Sprenger, Nicole (January 6, 2008). "Travelers to pay $77 million to settle merger-related suit". http://www.twincities.com/2008/01/06/travelers-to-pay-77-million-to-settle-merger-related-suit/. 
  45. ↑ "Insurer Agrees To Halt Contingent Commissions - Law360". https://www.law360.com/articles/15697/insurer-agrees-to-halt-contingent-commissions. 
  46. ↑ "Travelers to Pay $6 Million, Ending Inquiry on Brokers' Fees". The New York Times. January 1, 2008. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/01/business/01insure.html?ref=business. 
  47. ↑ "UPDATE 1-Travelers to settle compensation case with states". Reuters. December 31, 2007. https://www.reuters.com/article/bondsNews/idUSN3155618220071231. 
  48. ↑ "Travelers Settles With States Over Brokers' Contingent Commissions" (in en-US). Insurance Journal. 2008-01-13. http://www.insurancejournal.com/magazines/features/2008/01/13/155387.htm. 
  49. ↑ Ax, Joseph (2012-08-22). "Travelers sues NFL over brain injury lawsuits". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-insurance-nfl-lawsuit-idUSBRE87L0WX20120822. 
  50. ↑ "UPDATE 1-Travelers sues NFL over brain injury lawsuits". Reuters. August 22, 2012. https://www.reuters.com/article/insurance-nfl-lawsuit-idUSL2E8JME7O20120822?type=companyNews&feedType=RSS. 
  51. ↑ "Travelers Sues NFL Over Ex-Players' Brain Injury Lawsuits - Law360". http://www.law360.com/articles/372286/travelers-sues-nfl-over-ex-players-brain-injury-lawsuits. 
  52. ↑ Knettell family history further documented by other Hartford insurance client colleagues including former V.P. of Connecticut General Insurance
  53. ↑ Stern, Zack (25 September 2006). "Real-life Katamari in Travelers Insurance ad". engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2006/09/25/real-life-katamari-in-travelers-insurance-ad/. 
  54. ↑ Stern, Zack (28 September 2006). "Travelers ad imitating Katamari: just coincidence". engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2006/09/28/travelers-ad-imitating-katamari-just-coincidence/. 
  55. ↑ Mavredakis, Mike (19 June 2021). "From the Insurance City Open to the Travelers Championship, here are the many names of Connecticut's only PGA Tour stop". https://www.courant.com/sports/golf/hc-sp-clb-travelers-championship-pga-tour-names-20210619-2rf2di4bsnebrherqdeao7x56e-story.html. 
  56. ↑ Fraser, Jill Andresky (1990-12-02). "COVER STORY - COVER STORY - The Travelers Rides Into The Storm". The New York Times Magazine. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/02/magazine/cover-story-the-travelers-rides-into-the-storm.html. 
  57. ↑ Mathews, Jay (September 24, 1993). "The Making of a Financial Services Empire". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1993/09/24/the-making-of-a-financial-services-empire/f482964a-05d3-4b4d-bc48-c50b39531d0f/. 
  58. ↑ Levick, Diane (1994-03-27). "No Gain Without Pain At Travelers". Hartford Courant. http://articles.courant.com/1994-03-27/news/9403270109_1_job-cuts-travelers-insurance-cos-morgan-stanley. 
  59. ↑ Scism, Erik Holm and Leslie. "New Travelers CEO Has Family Ties". WSJ. https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/08/04/new-travelers-ceo-has-family-ties/. 
  60. ↑ "Robert I. Lipp J.D.: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=391693&privcapId=5507480. 
  61. ↑ Edelstein, Jeff (May 17, 2010). "Look Who's Talking: Samuel J. Plumeri Jr.". http://www.trentonian.com/article/TT/20100516/NEWS/305169970. 
  62. ↑ Bianco, Anthony (March 30, 1998). "Joe Plumeri: The Apostle of Life Insurance". Business Week. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1998-03-29/joe-plumeri-the-apostle-of-life-insurance. 
  63. ↑ "Joseph J. Plumeri Profile - Forbes.com". 2010-09-30. https://people.forbes.com/profile/joseph-j-plumeri/86637. 
  64. ↑ "Newspaper Archive". Nl.newsbank.com. 1994-10-23. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ADSB&s_site=azstarnet&f_site=azstarnet&f_sitename=Arizona+Daily+Star%2C+The+%28AZ%29&p_multi=ADSB&p_theme=gannett&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EACE5C5584F1647&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. 
  65. ↑ Lubanko, Matthew (1998-03-12). "Travelers Chairman Reaps $227 Million". Hartford Courant. http://articles.courant.com/1998-03-12/news/9803120731_1_travelers-stock-travelers-property-casualty-corp-options-accounting. 
  66. ↑ Singer, Natasha (2016-08-25). "Jay Fishman, Who Led Travelers Safely Through the Financial Crisis, Dies at 63". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/business/jay-fishman-who-led-travelers-in-fiscal-crisis-dies-at-63.html. 

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