DICT

DICT is a dictionary network protocol created by the DICT Development Group^[1] in 1997, described by RFC 2229.^[2] Its goal is to surpass the Webster protocol to allow clients to access a variety of dictionaries via a uniform interface.

In section 3.2 of the DICT protocol RFC, queries and definitions are sent in clear-text, meaning that there is no encryption. Nevertheless, according to section 3.1 of the RFC, various forms of authentication (sans encryption) are supported, including Kerberos version 4.^[2]

The protocol consists of a few commands a server must recognize so a client can access the available data and lookup word definitions. DICT servers and clients use TCP port 2628 by default. Queries are captured in the following URL scheme:

dict://⟨user⟩;⟨auth⟩@⟨host⟩:⟨port⟩/⟨c⟩:⟨word⟩:⟨database⟩:⟨strategy⟩:⟨n⟩

Repositories of source files for the DICT Development group's dict protocol server (with a few sample dictionaries) are available online.^[3][4][5]

• Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
• CIA World Factbook
• Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
• Elements database
• Free On-line Dictionary of Computing
• GNU Collaborative International Dictionary of English (GCIDE)
• Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
• Jargon File
• Moby Thesaurus
• Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary^[6]
• The Devil's Dictionary (1911)
• The U.S. Gazetteer^[7] (1990 Census)
• V.E.R.A.^[8] – Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms which are used in the field of computing
• Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
• WordNet

• Big English–Russian Dictionary
• English–French dictionary
• Freedict provides a collection of over 85 translating dictionaries, as XML source files with the data, mostly accompanied by databases generated from the XML files in the format used by DICT servers and clients. These are available from the Freedict project web site at.^[9]
• FREELANG Dictionary
• Lingvo English–Russian and Russian–English dictionaries are not free, but when purchased, can easily be converted into DICT format
• Mueller's English–Russian dictionary
• Slovak-English legal dictionary
• Slovak-Italian legal dictionary

• dictd^[10] (the standard server made by the DICT Development Group)
• DictD++^[11] – modern powerful server written in C++ with heavy usage of STL and boost (abandoned)
• GNU Dico^[12]
• JDictd^[13] – a Java-based DICT server implementation (abandoned)

A dictd server can be used from Telnet. For example, to connect to the DICT server on localhost, on a Unix system one can normally type:

telnet localhost dict

and then enter the command "help" to see the available commands. The standard dictd package also provides a "dict" command for command-line use.

More sophisticated DICT clients include:

• cURL
• dictc (DICT Client)^[14] client for Windows written in Delphi.
• dict.org's own client (part of the dictd^[10] package)
• dictem,^[15] for the Emacs text editor
• Dictionary, an application included with Mac OS X. Online dictionaries can be accessed by setting it as the helper for 'dict://' URI schemes.
• Fantasdic
• GNOME Dictionary, comes with GNOME
• GNU dico's own client (part of the dico package)
• Kdict, comes with KDE
• KTranslator, KDE dictionary
• MaemoDict,^[16] for the Nokia 770
• MATE Dictionary (with accompanying applet)
• Mozdev.org's 'dict',^[17] a Firefox/Mozilla extension
• OKDict,^[18] an OpenOffice.org extension
• OmniDictionary, for Mac OS X
• ZopeDictDB^[19] for Zope^[20] from Pentila^[21]
• GoldenDict
• xfce4-dict, from the Xfce project^[22]

There are also programs that read the DICT file format directly. For example, S60Dict,^[23] is a dictionary program for Symbian Series 60 that uses DICT dictionaries. Additionally, some DICT clients, such as Fantasdic, are also capable of reading the DICT format directly.

The standard dictd^[10] server made by the DICT Development Group^[1] uses a special dict file format. It comprises two files, a .index file and a .dict file (or .dict.dz if compressed). These files are usually generated by a program called dictfmt. For example, the Unix command:

$ dictfmt --utf8 --allchars -s "My Dictionary" -j mydict < mydict.txt

will compile a Unicode-compatible DICT file called mydict, with heading My Dictionary, from mydict.txt which is in Jargon File format i.e.:

:word1:definition 1
:word2:definition 2
etc.

Once the dictionary file has been produced, it can be easily installed on a server with commands similar to this:

# mv mydict.dict mydict.index /usr/share/dictd/
# /usr/sbin/dictdconfig—write
# /etc/init.d/dictd restart

• Linguae Software^[24] is able to convert from/to wb, dict (stardict and dictd) csv, xdxf, txt, ini and ling (native) file formats, Linux, Windows and Mac OS X.
• XDXF^[25] XML Dictionary Exchange Format converts between various dictionary formats using pluggable codec architecture.

In order to efficiently store dictionary data, dictzip, an extension to the gzip compression format (also the name of the utility), can be used to compress a .dict file. Dictzip compresses file in chunks and stores the chunk index in the gzip file header, thus allowing random access to the data.

• RFC 2229 – Definition of the DICT protocol.
• dict.org DICT Development Group. A WWW interface to several freely available on-line dictionaries.
• DICT protocol server list by the FreeDict project.
• RAE DICT, an open-source DICT server implementation that retrieves definitions from the authoritative dictionary for the Spanish language.

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